选择性必修第4册 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS-【创新教程】2025年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业word（北师大版）

[选择性必修第四册] 课时冲关19　UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS Ⅰ.阅读A 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：新词如何进入字典 What makes a word real? Who has the power to make those kinds of official decisions about words? Those are the questions many people have in mind. When most people say a word isn't real, what they mean is that it doesn't appear in a dictionary. That, of course, raises some other questions, including, who writes dictionaries? Now, dictionaries are good resources, but they are changeable. If you ask dictionary editors, what they'll tell you is that they're just trying to keep up with people as people change the language. They're watching what people say and what people write and trying to figure out what's going to stick and what's not going to stick. Every January, dictionary editors go to the American Dialect Society Meeting every year, where among other things, they decide on the word of the year. There are about 200 or 300 people who come. Some of them are the best known linguists in the United States. In the past, some of the winners have been “staycation” to describe a vacation spent at home and “tweet” to describe a post made on the social networking service Twitter. So how does a word get into a dictionary? It gets in because people use it and people keep using it, and dictionary editors are paying attention to people. If a community of speakers is using a word and knows what it means, it's real. That word might be informal and that word might be a word that you think is illogical or unnecessary, but as long as people are using the word, it is real. I hope that what you can do is to find language change not annoying but fun and interesting, just the way dictionary editors do. I hope you can enjoy being part of the creativity that is continually remaking our language and keeping it alive. 1．Why do dictionaries change over time? A．Speakers keep changing language. B．Linguists often make up new words. C．Dictionary editors change every year. D．Words in the dictionary are out of date. 2．Who has the right to decide the word of the year? A．New words inventors. B．American officials. C．Dictionary editors. D．Famous linguists. 3．What is the author's attitude towards language changing? A．Worried.　　　 B．Positive. C．Uninterested. D．Confused 4．Where does this passage most probably come from? A．A science fiction. B．A history book. C．A news report. D．A popular magazine. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言会随着人们的使用而变化，进而字典也会发生变化，并介绍了新词是如何进入字典的。 1．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now, dictionaries are good resources, but they are changeable. If you ask dictionary editors, what they'll tell you is that they're just trying to keep up with people as people change the language.(现在，字典是很好的资源，但是它们是多变的。如果你问词典编辑，他们会告诉你，他们只是想跟上人们改变语言的步伐。)”可知，人们语言一直在发生变化，字典的变化是为了跟上人们改变语言的步伐。] 2．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Every January, dictionary editors go to the American Dialect Society Meeting every year, where among other things, they decide on the word of the year.(每年一月，词典编辑们都会参加美国方言协会年会，在那里他们会决定年度词汇。)”可知，每年的一月，字典编纂者会去美国方言协会参加年度会议，他们会决定年度词汇。] 3．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I hope that what you can do is to find language change not annoying but fun and interesting, just the way dictionary editors do. I hope you can enjoy being part of the creativity that is continually remaking our language and keeping it alive.(我希望你能做的是发现语言的变化不是烦人的，而是有趣的，就像字典编辑一样。我希望你能享受成为创造力的一部分，不断地重塑我们的语言， 让它保持活力。)”可知，作者希望人们能够意识到：语言变化不是令人烦恼的而是有趣的，能享受成为创造力的一部分，不断地重塑我们的语言，让它保持活力。由此可知，作者对于语言变化的态度是积极的。] 4．D　[推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“So how does a word get into a dictionary? It gets in because people use it and people keep using it, and dictionary editors are paying attention to people. If a community of speakers is using a word and knows what it means, it's real. That word might be informal and that word might be a word that you think is illogical or unnecessary, but as long as people are using the word, it is real.(那么一个单词是如何进入字典的呢？它之所以被收录，是因为人们在使用它，而且一直在使用它，词典编辑们也在关注人们。如果一群人在使用一个词，并且知道它的意思，那么这个词就是真实的。那个词可能是非正式的，那个词可能是一个你认为不合逻辑或不必要的词，但只要人们在使用这个词，它就是真实的。)”可知，本文主要阐述了语言会随着人们的使用而变化，进而字典也会发生变化，并介绍了新词是如何进入字典的。由此可知，本文最有可能来自面向大众的通俗杂志，向人们介绍有关词典的知识。] 阅读B 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：真菌网络对树木生长的影响 Being highly connected to a strong social network has its benefits. Now a new study is showing the same goes for trees, thanks to their underground neighbors. The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the significance of fungal networks to older trees — which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon. “Large trees make up the main part of the forest, so they drive what the forest is doing，” said researcher Joseph Birch, who led the study. When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource­limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress. Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs (花旗松) showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections. The research also showed that trees with more connections to many unique fungi had much greater growth than those with only one or two connections. “If you have this network that is helping trees grow faster that helps capture more carbon year after year. These networks may help trees grow more steadily even as conditions become more stressful, and could even help protect them against death.” said Birch. Birch hopes his findings lead to further studies in different kinds of forests in other geographical areas, because it's likely that the connections among trees change from year to year. He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could factor into how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and it could inform how we want to plant trees to preserve these networks.” 5. In what way do the new findings differ from the previous ones? A．They confirm the benefits of fungal networks. B．They demonstrate a new way to capture carbon. C．They clarify misunderstanding of fungal networks. D．They reveal the value of fungal networks to adult trees. 6. How do fungal networks help trees? A．By fighting against diseases. B．By bettering forest soil conditions. C．By acting as the center of family units. D．By maintaining the balance of resources. 7. What does the underlined “They” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Tree rings. B．Fungal networks. C．Douglas firs. D．Cores from Douglas firs. 8. Which field will most benefit from the study according to the text? A．Geography.　 B．Agriculture. C．Reforestation. D．Microbiology. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了阿尔伯塔大学的一项新研究发现，强大的社会网络对树木也是有好处的，森林土壤中的真菌网络给树木的生长提供了有利的条件。 5．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段“The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the significance of fungal networks to older trees — which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.(这项研究首次表明，成年树木的生长与它们参与的生活在森林土壤中的真菌网络有关。尽管过去的研究主要集中在幼树上，但这些发现为了解真菌网络对更老的树木的重要性提供了新的见解，因为老树对碳捕获等功能更具环境效益。)”可知，新的研究关注成年树木，而之前的发现关注的是幼树，所以新发现与之前的发现的不同之处在于，新发现揭示了真菌网络对成年树木的价值。] 6．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段“When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource­limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.(当它们生活在森林土壤中时，真菌网络就像一条高速公路，让水、养分和化合物在树木之间来回流动。该网络还帮助养分流向资源有限的树木，就像家庭单位一样在压力下相互支持。)”可知，真菌网络通过保持资源平衡的方式来帮助树木。] 7．C　[词义猜测题。根据第三段“Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections.(从350株道格拉斯花旗松中提取的核心表明，年轮生长与树木与其他树木的真菌联系程度有关。它们的生长程度远远高于那些只有少数联系的树木。)”可知，本段以道格拉斯花旗松为例，说明年轮生长和树木之间的真菌联系程度有关，they指代上句中出现的“道格拉斯花旗松”。] 8．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“He said：‘Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could factor into how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and it could inform how we want to plant trees to preserve these networks.’(他说：‘了解真菌网络在其他树种中是否以同样的方式运作，可以影响我们在砍伐后如何重新造林，也可以告诉我们如何种植树木来保护这些网络。’)”可知，研究可以影响砍伐后如何重新造林，所以重新造林这一领域从研究中受益最大。] Ⅱ.语法填空 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：共享汽车的优势 In hundreds of cities around the world，people can use a car 1._________ actually owning one. It's known as car sharing. Car sharing works like this: people pay a fee 2._________ (join) a car share organization. These organizations have cars available in different parts of a city 24 hours a day. Members make a 3._________ (reserve) for a car, and then go to one of several parking lots in a city to pick up the car. They pay an hourly or daily rate for driving it. When they are 4._________ (finish), they return the car to a parking area for someone else to use. Car sharing works well for several reasons. Some people only need to drive from time to time. Usually, people only need a car for special reasons like moving things or 5._________ (take) long trips. Many people don't want the costs or responsibilities of owning 6._________ car. The car­share organization pays for gas insurance, cleaning and repair costs. Members also don't have to wait in line or fill out 7._________ (form) to get a car. They know a variety of cars will be available when they need one. Car sharing also 8._________ (benefit) the environment. People drive only 9._________ they need to and fewer cars on the road means 10.________ (little) traffic and air pollution. As more and more cities become interested in reducing traffic, car sharing programs are becoming an effective choice. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了汽车共享的工作原理、使用效果好的原因以及有利于环境方面的保护。 1．without　[考查介词。句意：在世界上数百个城市，人们可以使用汽车而不用实际拥有车。根据下一句“It's known as car sharing.(这就是汽车共享。) ”可知，该句意为“没有(without)”汽车，也可以使用汽车，再结合该空后的owning是动名词形式，该空应该填介词without。故填without。] 2．to join　[考查非谓语动词。句意：汽车共享是这样工作的：人们支付一定的费用加入汽车共享组织。该句谓语动词是pay，动词不定式to join作目的状语，故填to join。] 3．reservation　[考查固定短语。句意：会员们先预定汽车，然后到城里的几个停车场之一去取车。固定短语make a reservation 意为“预订”，该空缺少名词reservation。故填reservation。] 4．finished　[考查被动语态。句意：当它们被使用完以后，他们就把车放回停车场给别人使用。根据句意，该空前的主语they指的是共享汽车，共享汽车“被使用完”，谓语动词应该用被动语态are finished，该空缺少finished，故填finished。] 5．taking　[考查非谓语动词。句意：通常，人们只有在特殊情况下才需要车，比如搬东西或长途旅行。结合句意，该空前的介词like和连词or可知，连词or连接两个并列动名词短语，作介词like的宾语，take应该使用动名词形式taking。故填taking。] 6．a　[考查冠词。句意：许多人不想承担拥有一辆汽车的成本或责任。泛指“拥有一辆汽车”，且car是以辅音音素开头的词，不定冠词应该用a。故填a。] 7．forms　[考查名词复数。句意：会员也不必排队或填写表格就能得到一辆车。名词form的复数forms表泛指填写的表格，故填forms。] 8．benefits　[考查动词。句意：汽车共享也有益于环境。描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时。该句主语是Car sharing，该空应该填谓语动词，主语Car sharing是第三人称单数，谓语动词应该用单数形式benefits。故填benefits。] 9．when　[考查时间状语从句。句意：人们只在需要的时候开车，路上的汽车减少意味着交通和空气污染的减少。连词when引导时间状语从句they need to，表示在需要的时候，故填when。] 10．less　[考查形容词比较级。句意：人们只在需要的时候开车，路上的汽车减少意味着交通和空气污染的减少。根据该空前比较级结构fewer cars可知，路上的汽车减少意味着更少的交通和空气污染，该空应该填little的比较级less。故填less。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$