选择性必修第3册 UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY-【创新教程】2025年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业word（北师大版）

课时冲关18　UNIT 9 　HUMAN BIOLOGY Ⅰ.阅读理解 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：晕动症 If you've ever felt like throwing up at the back of a bus or weak and unsteady after a boat cruise, you've experienced motion sickness. Its common symptoms are dizziness, headaches, sweating and throwing up. According to Fred Mast, a medical professor at the University of Bern, human­made acceleration creates a disturbance between our vestibular system, which is responsible for controlling balance, and our vision. Since the human brain hasn't evolved enough yet to settle that conflict, it leads to motion sickness and it doesn't take a lot of speed to cause the disturbance. Motion sickness can also strike when there is unreal acceleration, such as in three­dimensional video games or some movie scenes that make the viewers' brain think it's moving. One in three people experience motion sickness at some time. Certain_people_are_more_susceptible_to_it. These include: children, young adults and pregnant women. About seven in ten of them tend to suffer. The good news is that motion sickness is not a symptom of anything more serious. Once the motion or sensation of motion stops, it goes away. Sufferers can avoid motion sickness by making changes to how they travel. Sitting facing forward in the front of a bus allows you to see the movement, while situating yourself in the middle of a cruise liner or next to the wing of an airplane will help. Staying away from alcohol and heavy meals ahead of car, boat or plane trips also works. Access to fresh air and staring at the horizon through a window can minimize the disturbance. Antihistamines and sympathomimetics, drugs that act as stimulants, can also counteract the symptoms. Mast theorizes that motion sickness will become less strong as future generations adapt to vehicular motion－although he admits that it could take centuries and likely would only happen if our transportation systems stay the same. If speeds continue to increase, he says, “It might start all over.” 1．What do we know about motion sickness from the passage? A. Motion sickness can happen even if we aren't in a moving vehicle. B．The disturbance is caused only when vehicles move at a high speed. C．Vestibular system keeps the balance between vehicles and our vision. D．Dizziness, stomachaches and sweating are the symptoms of motion sickness. 2. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Some people are better at resisting it. B．Some people are slower to react to it. C．Some people are more skilled at dealing with it. D．Some people are more likely to be affected by it. 3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Useful tips to ease motion sickness. B．Travel suggestions given by experts. C．Symptoms sufferers may experience. D．Causes contributing to motion sickness. 4. What can we infer according to Mast? A．Our transportation systems won't change much in the future. B．It won't take much time for people to get rid of motion sickness. C．People can avoid motion sickness if faster vehicles are invented. D．Motion sickness can be relieved if people get used to the acceleration. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了晕动症，介绍了其常见症状、发生原因以及一些缓解措施。 1．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Motion sickness can also strike when there is unreal acceleration, such as in three­dimensional video games or some movie scenes that make the viewers' brain think it's moving.(当出现不真实的加速时，比如在三维视频游戏或一些电影场景中，观众的大脑会认为它在运动，也会出现晕动症。)”可知，即使我们不在移动的车辆中，晕动症也会发作。] 2．D　[词义猜测题。根据划线句下文“These include: children, young adults and pregnant women.”可知，下文列举了儿童、青年和孕妇更容易受到晕动症影响，即某些人群更容易受到晕动症影响，故划线句意思是“某些人更容易受到晕动症影响”。] 3．A　[主旨大意题。根据第四段“Sufferers can avoid motion sickness by making changes to how they travel. Sitting facing forward in the front of a bus allows you to see the movement, while situating yourself in the middle of a cruise liner or next to the wing of an airplane will help. Staying away from alcohol and heavy meals ahead of car, boat or plane trips also works. Access to fresh air and staring at the horizon through a window can minimize the disturbance. Antihistamines and sympathomimetics, drugs that act as stimulants, can also counteract the symptoms.(患者可以通过改变旅行方式来避免晕动症。坐在公共汽车的前部可以让你看到这种运动，而坐在游轮的中间或飞机的机翼旁边会有帮助。在乘车、乘船或乘飞机旅行前远离酒精和大餐也很有效。呼吸新鲜空气，透过窗户眺望地平线，可以最大限度地减少干扰。抗组胺药和拟交感神经药物，作为兴奋剂，也可以抵消症状。)”可知，第四段主要讨论减轻、避免晕动症的一些具体措施。] 4．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Mast theorizes that motion sickness will become less strong as future generations adapt to vehicular motion(Mast的理论是，随着后代适应车辆的运动，晕动症会变得不那么严重。)”可推知，如果人们习惯加速，可以缓解晕动症。] Ⅱ.七选五 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：缓解焦虑的音乐形式 The human mind suffers from a lot of stress and anxiety in daily life. There are many sounds that can help the people to concentrate on current situation or matters. ___1__ The following is the best relaxing music to improve your concentration. Classical music is music played with instruments including orchestra, sitar, etc. __2__ It is best for introverts (内向的人) as well as for the people who want to focus on their studies and want to be quiet. Spa music is the music that is used in spa centers. This music has special slow beats which arouse the relaxing cells. It feels relaxing and good to the mind and ear. These sounds are used as a soul spa therapy in many countries. ___3__ Sounds of whispering grass, the hustle of leaves, the humming of birds, sound of the raindrop, a cool breeze, a wind, etc. These sounds greatly affect the ability to do work and provide relaxation to mind and soul. Electrical music is also instrumental music, but it is different from classical. Classical is Sufi music. On the other hand, this music is produced with the help of new digital instruments and devices. ___4__ Mostly, it is composed of beats or instrumental sounds. These mentioned sounds are those few that help the people to rebuild their concentration. ___5__ Some introverts like slow and rhythmic music while some like sounds with lyrics (歌词). Hence, it depends on the mental ability and nature of the people. A. This music has no or fewer lyrics. B．Nature beat consists of natural sounds. C．Most of the music have unknown original authors. D．Music isn't just a means of entertaining ourselves. E．The selection of music varies from person to person. F．This music is also related to the soul of religious music. G．So many people do music therapy to stabilize their minds. [语篇解读]　本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种不同风格的可以帮助人们缓解焦虑并专注于当前事物的音乐形式。人们偏爱某一种音乐，这取决于人们的心理能力和性格。 1．G　[根据上文“The human mind suffers from a lot of stress and anxiety in daily life. There are many sounds that can help the people to concentrate on current situation or matters.”和下文“The following is the best relaxing music to improve your concentration.(以下是最好的放松音乐，以提高你的注意力。)”可知，上文指出人类有压力、焦虑时，可以用一些声音来让人静下心来，专注做事。下文提出有提高注意力的好音乐。由此可知，音乐可以让人们稳定心态。根据G项“So many people do music therapy to stabilize their minds. (很多人通过音乐疗法来稳定自己的心态。)”符合语意。] 2．F　[根据上文“Classical music is music played with instruments including orchestra, sitar, etc. (古典音乐是用管弦乐队、锡塔琴等乐器演奏的音乐。)”可知，本段关键词为Classical music，F项“This music is also related to the soul of religious music.(这种音乐也与宗教音乐的精髓有关。)”可知，This music指代上文的Classical music，下文“It is best for introverts (内向的人) as well as for the people who want to focus on their studies and want to be quiet. (它最适合内向的人，以及那些想要集中精力学习和想要安静的人。)”，此处It依旧指代Classical music，F项和下文展现了古典音乐的特点，上下文语意一致，F项符合语意。] 3．B　[根据下文“Sounds of whispering grass, the hustle of leaves, the humming of birds, sound of the raindrop, a cool breeze, a wind, etc. These sounds greatly affect the ability to do work and provide relaxation to mind and soul.”可知，下文中描述了自然界的声音能使人们放松；B项“Nature beat consists of natural sounds. (自然节拍由自然声音组成。)”中关键词为natural sounds，下文是对natural sounds的具体化。B项符合语意。] 4．A　[根据上文“Electrical music is also instrumental music, but it is different from classical. Classical is Sufi music. On the other hand, this music is produced with the help of new digital instruments and devices.”可知，上文阐述了电子音乐与古典音乐的不同之处，A项“This music has no or fewer lyrics. (这首音乐没有歌词或歌词更少。)”，以及下文“Mostly, it is composed of beats or instrumental sounds. (它大多是由节拍或器乐声音组成的。)”可知，this music指代Electrical music，根据句中的fewer lyrics，说明电子音乐和古典音乐的另一个不同之处：电子音乐主要有节拍或器乐声组成，相对来说歌词很少，甚至没有歌词。下文与A项为顺接关系。上下文衔接顺畅，语义一致。] 5．E　[根据上文“These mentioned sounds are those few that help the people to rebuild their concentration. (以上提到的几个声音都能帮助人们重新集中注意力。) ”可知，此处为对上面各种能助人集中注意力的音乐的总结；E项“The selection of music varies from person to person. (音乐的选择因人而异。)”承接上文；下文“Some introverts like slow and rhythmic music while some like sounds with lyrics (歌词). Hence, it depends on the mental ability and nature of the people.”指出，下文是对E项的音乐选择因人而异的原因分析。故E项在此段中起到承上启下的作用。] Ⅲ.读后续写 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：记叙文 话题：教导弟弟，诚实做人 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When the night fell, James, a middle school student in London, dragged his tired body home.In order to save money to buy himself a new bike, he had been working at a restaurant for over a month during the summer vacation.He had already earned some money.With one more week, he would have his dream bike. Entering the room, James found his younger brother Adam sitting on the edge of his bed with an uneasy expression on his face.James stared at Adam confusedly. “Sorry.I did something wrong，” Adam said, on the verge of tears. “What's the matter with you？” James asked. “This afternoon I went to play football on the road outside the house and accidentally hit our neighbor Mr. Black's car.I was so scared and I hurried home in panic without telling him，” Adam said, full of guilt. “Is the car seriously damaged？” James couldn't wait to continue asking. “The ball hit the car back and the tail light got broken，” Adam said in a low voice. “It's truly your fault. It's really dangerous to play football on the road. What's worse, you shouldn't have come back without telling Mr. Black about it. You are such a naughty boy，” James raised his voice. Hearing this, Adam lowered his head and bit his lips hard. James added, “Anyway, it's never too late to mend.I’ll take you to his house tomorrow to apologize. Now it's time to sleep.” When Adam went bed, James couldn't go to sleep himself. Father always told him to be honest, to be a boy admired by the people and to be an example of his brother. He was sorry for his brother's behavior. He shouldn't have blamed his brother after he did something wrong. But he could understand him. Anyway, Adam was only a boy of seven and what had happened really scared him. But as his elder brother, he should pay for it though this might delay his plan of having the bike. “Nothing serious. At worst, I can take more summer jobs，” he said to himself. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 James got up early the next morning.________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Mr. Black was a little surprised to see the brothers.______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] James got up early the next morning. He told Adam, “We should go to Mr. Black's house as early as possible and explain to him what had happened.” Before they went out, he took out all the money he had earned in the restaurant during the summer holiday. Adam knew that his dear brother wanted to pay for his fault. Tears filled his eyes because he knew very well how much his elder brother wanted to get a new bike and he was working on it. Mr. Black was a little surprised to see the brothers. “Mr. Black, I'm here to make an apology，” said James. Then he told Mr. Black what had happened and drew out the money from his pocket. “This is all the money I have. I wonder if it can pay for your loss，” he said sincerely. “Good boys, I truly appreciate your honesty.Just forget my car.” Mr. Black declined to get the money but accepted the brothers' suggestions of doing some work in his garden. What a good result! Adam regained his honesty and James could still have his dream bike. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$