(普查练习)第16课 阅读理解-【提分宝典】2025年新高考英语一轮全考点普查随堂课后练

1. 考查直接信息题、语言转述题和数字计算题 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （2023 新高考Ⅰ真题） Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake （刹车）, bikes with hand brake and gears （排挡）, bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. （1） What is an advantage of MacBike? A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes. C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops. 答案：B 解析：语言转述题，运用题干定位法和词语复现法解题。根据题干中的 advantage of MacBike 可定位至 Why MacBike 部分。根据最后一句“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake, bikes with hand brake and gears, bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.（我们提供种类繁多的最新款自行车，包括带脚刹的基础款自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车。）”可知，MacBike 的优势是它提供多种类型的自行车，in a wide variety 和 many types of 为同义表述，故选 B 项。 （2） How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50. 答案：C 解析：数字计算题，运用题干定位法解题。根据题干中的 How much 可定位至 Prices 部分。根据表格的第二列（Hand Brake, Three Gears）可知，租一辆带手刹 的三挡自行车一天需要 14.75 欧元，每增加一天需要叠加 8 欧元，所以租一辆带手刹的三挡自行车两天需要 14.75+8=22.75 欧元，故选 C 项。 （3） Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. 答案：D 解析：直接信息题，运用题干定位法解题。根据题干中的 the guided city tour 可定位至 Guided City Tours部分。根据第二句“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day.（旅游团每小时整点从大坝广场出发，每天下午 1 点开始。）”可知，有导游解说的城市游览从 Dam Square 出发，故选 D 项。 2. 考查语意理解题和是非判断题 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （安徽“皖南八校”联考） If you are looking for an amazing real-life castle, here are some good options for you. Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany The beauty of Neuschwanstein, perched high on a hill in southwest Bavaria, inspired one of America’s most famous castles: Disneyland’s famed Sleeping Beauty castle. The slender spires and towering roofs are impressive, but nothing compared to the brilliantly decorated interiors. Windsor Castle, England This castle in the historic market town of Windsor has been the family home to kings and queens for over 1,000 years. The castle is the largest and oldest occupied castle in the world. Guests are welcome to tour year-round. When the Royal Standard flag is flying from the castle’s Round Tower, the queen is home. Eltz Castle, Germany Medieval Eltz Castle, located in Wierschem of western Germany, was built in the 12th century and is named for the family that still owns it today. Surrounded by forest, it was erected on a 230-foot rock and features eight towers that sit 115 feet in the sky. Inside, the castle still includes many of its original furnishings. Bran Castle, Romania Some people call Bran Castle, located southwest of Brasov, Romania, another name: Dracula’s Castle. It’s just one of many castles linked to that vampire （吸血鬼） legend, but its dramatic architecture built on a steep cliff helps it fill the part, and the castle does not shy away from the legend. （4） Which of the following about Windsor Castle is true? A. It is open throughout the year. B. It has a history of less than 1,000 years. C. The royal family don’t live there any longer. D. You can see the queen whenever you go there. 答案：A 解析：是非判断题，运用题干定位法和词语复现法解题。根据题干中的 Windsor Castle 可定位至 Windsor Castle, England 部分。根据倒数第二句“Guests are welcome to tour year-round.（全年都欢迎游客。）”可知，Windsor Castle 一整年都开放，throughout the year 与 year-round 为同义表达，故选 A 项。 （5） What do the last two castles have in common? A. They are related to vampire tales. B. They have special goods for sale. C. They are both located on rocks. D. They were built in the 12th century 答案：C 解析：语意理解题，运用词语复现法解题。根据 Eltz Castle, Germany 部分的“Surrounded by forest, it was erected on a 230-foot rock and features eight towers that sit 115 feet in the sky.（四周森林环绕，它建立在一个230 英尺的岩石上，由八座高 115 英尺直入天空的塔组成。）”以及 Bran Castle, Romania 部分的“It’s just one of many castles linked to that vampire legend, but its dramatic architecture built on a steep cliff（它是众多与吸血鬼传说相关的城堡之一，但是这个壮观的建筑建在陡峭的悬崖上）”可知，两座城堡的共同点在于它们都建在岩石上。are located on rocks 与 was erected on a 230-foot rock 和 built on a steep cliff 语意相同，为同义表达，故选 C 项。 随堂普查练 16 Ⅰ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A （2023 浙江 1 月真题） Explorers Camp ·Full day camp for kids aged 5-13. ·Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9 am-4 pm. Week 1 | July 8-12 Week 2 | July 15-19 Week 3 | July 22-26 ·Register for a single week or multiple weeks. ·Fees: $365 per week. · The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund （退款） is June 15. Camp Structure The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme （9 am to 12 noon） and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme （1 pm to 4 pm）. Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks. Camp Content Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn. Camp Staff Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check. （1）On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration with a full refund? A. June 12. B. June 22. C. July 19. D. July 26. （2） How are campers divided into different groups? A. By gender. B. By nationality. C. By interest. D. By age. （3）How many hours of class will you have al-together if you register for a single week? A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42. （1）答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据文中第五个要点提示“The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund is June 15.”可知，取消注册并获得全额退款的截止日期是 6 月 15 日。因此，选项中在 6 月 15 日之前的日期应为正确答案，故选 A 项。 （2）答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据 Camp Structure 部分中的第一句“The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group.”和 Camp Staff 部分中的第一句“Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7depending on the age group.”可知，露营者根据年龄进行分组，故选 D 项。 （3）答案：C 解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。根 据 文 章 第 二 个 要 点 提 示“Monday-Friday”可知，一周有五天的课程；再由Camp Structure 部分中前两句“The day is divided into two thematic sessions... with an afternoon theme （1 pm to 4 pm）.”可知，露营者上午上三小时课程，下午上三小时课程，全天共六课时。如果只注册一个星期，总共课时应为 30，故选 C 项。 B （2023 北京真题） The International Olympic Committee （IOC） Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good. To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint （冲刺）． 4-Week Learning Sprint The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic-specific reflection task. The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28. After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport-based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader. Requirements for the Applicants · You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint. · You have completed your high school studies. · You have at least one year of work experience. · You have strong public speaking skills. · You are self-motivated and committed. · You are passionate about creating positive change in your community. · You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers （同伴）. · You are able to work with people from different backgrounds. （4）In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will __________. A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project （5）If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to __________. A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers （6）Which is a requirement for the applicants? A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience. C. Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert （1）答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据 4-Week Learning Sprint 部分的第一段第一句“The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme.”可知，在为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将会参加一个虚拟的学习项目，故选B 项。 （2）答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据 4-Week Learning Sprint 部分的第三段“After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport-based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.”可知，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，参与者将需要参与以体育运动为基础的项目，故选 C 项。 （3）答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据 Requirements for the Applicants 部分的第三点“You have at least one year of work experience.”可知，申请者要有至少一年的工作经验，故选 B 项。 3. 针对特定细节信息进行推断 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （2022 新高考Ⅱ真题） As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner. “Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart. Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic （无氧） exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health. “We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump （泵送） a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says. “The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.” Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. （1） What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band? A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack. C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart. 答案：D 解析：细节推断题，利用特定细节信息解题。根据题干中的 the rubber band 可定位至第二段。根据前三句“‘Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,’ says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart.（‘ 想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是有弹性的，但把它放在抽屉里 20 年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，’ 德克萨斯大学的心脏专家 Ben Levine 博士说。心脏的变化也是如此。）”可以推测出，Ben Levine 想利用橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选 D 项。 （2） What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest? A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants. C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study. 答案：C 解析：细节推断题，利用 特 定 细 节 信 息 解 题 。根据题干中的 Dr. Nieca Goldberg 可定位至文章最后一段。根据最后一句“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.（但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更广泛的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。）”可以推测出，Nieca Goldberg 博士建议进行进一步的研究，故选C 项。 4. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （2022 北京真题） My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled （削弱） my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me. One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began. A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence. I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle （障碍） this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action. （3） What can we learn from this passage? A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety. C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait. 答案：C 解析：细节推断题，利用全文（段）信息进行推断。由第一段第二句“Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled my ability to do anything.”可知，作者之前被焦虑困扰，削弱了她做任何事情的能力；由第三段最后两句中的“soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.”可知，作者后来成为致力于自 然保护的全球年轻人团队的一名成员，并且变得更加自信；再由最后一段最后两句的“I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.”可知，作者认为要抓住每一个机会，并且要付诸行动。综合以上信息可以推测出行动是消除焦虑最好的方式，也是焦虑最大的敌人，故选 C 项。 5. 根据文章主题推断写作意图 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选 出最佳选项。 （2023 北京真题） In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”. It has been proved that people have a bias （偏向） towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices （牺牲） today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires. These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others. One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.” Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline. As a psychologist once joked, if aliens （外星人） wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”， and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically. （4）What does the author intend to tell us? A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans. B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices. C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making. D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires. 答案：A 解析：写作意图题，利用文章主题推断写作意图。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段第一、二句“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.（近年来，不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期效益主义目前是工业化社会的一个显著问题。无法处理长期的起因和后果导致了世界上一些最严重的问题：气候变化、生物多样 性崩溃等等。）”和第三段倒数第二句“Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more.（另一个原因是人类过于重视重大而紧迫的事情，从而忽视了可以说更重要的长期趋势。）”可推知，作者想告诉我们深思远虑对人类来说很重要，故选 A 项。 6. 根据文章结构及语言特色推断文章出处或阅读对象 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （2022 全国Ⅰ真题） In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y. —Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood— traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a oneroom schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to fifind the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course inflfluenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed （牵涉） drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism （坚忍） of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” （5） What is the text? A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry 答案：B 解析：文章出处题，利用文章结构和内容推断文章出处。分析文章结构和内容，第一段结尾表明 Dorothy和 Rosamond 支教的故事是 Dorothy Wickenden 所著 的 Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West 这本书的主题，第二至四段讲述了书里描述的内容以及结局，最后一段更是直接指出 Dorothy Wickenden 是一位出色的讲故事的人，解释了她的写作动机并引用了书中一段精彩的文字。综合上述内容可知，这样的文章结构和内容应属于书评，故选 B 项。 7. 根据特定词汇推断观点态度 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （2023 全国Ⅱ真题） I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’ s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy （哲学）． That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you— and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context （背景） of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding （解读） their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. （6）What does the author think of Weiner’s book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward 答案：D 解析：观点态度题，利用特定词汇推断观点态度。根据倒数第二段第一句中的 humor，该段最后一句中的 adding his own interpretation 以及最后一段第一句“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity...”可知，作者认为 Weiner 的书既幽默风趣又简单易懂，故选 D 项。 随堂普查练 16 Ⅱ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A （2023 全国Ⅰ真题） Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape （风景） can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz （石英） rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route （路线） so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. （1）How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields. （2）What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author? A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques. C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles. （3）What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake? A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D. They had problems with their equipment. （4）How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake? A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting （1）答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.”可知，作为一名中西部地区的风景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄，故选 B 项。 （2）答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography.”可知，在任何摄影风格中，在正确的时间出现在正确的地点是很关键的；根据该段最后一句“I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.”可知，作者错过了很多美丽的日出和日落，因为他只在最佳时刻到来前五分钟到达现场。因此作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是合理管理时间，故选 A 项。 （3）答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, we did not mark the route so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. （然而，我们没有标记路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落。）”可推知，作者到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚，故选 C 项。 （4）答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. （尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我拍过最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能做好准备，明智地管理时间，它们可能会更好。）”可推知，作者认为自己拍摄的照片是令人满意的，故选 B 项。 B （2023 新高考Ⅱ真题） Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books”，artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed （描 绘） alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect （才智）, wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century pointof view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. （5）Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C．A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. （6）What are the selected artworks about? A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school. C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure. （7）What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. （8）What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. （5）答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books’, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. （在这本 ‘ 书之书 ’ 中，艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。）”和最后一段第二句“From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery powered e-reader. （从 21 世纪的角度来看，这本印刷书无疑是古老的，但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。）”可推知，本文最有可能选自一本书的介绍，故选A 项。 （6）答案：C 解析：细节理解题。通过文章第二段第一、二句中的“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations （艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点）”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的，故选 C 项。 （7）答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线短语上文“We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. （我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点。）”以及画线短语所在句中的“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all... （这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些我们都可以……的时刻 ）”可 推知，此处指书籍是几代人之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语 relate to 意思最相近的是 A 项Understand （理解），故选 A 项。 （8）答案：A 解析：推理判断题。通过文章最后一段第二句中的“but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader （但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性）”以及最后一句中的“a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, ‘off-line’activity （一本印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的 ‘ 离线 ’ 活动的机会）”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时，故选 A 项。 8. 通过语境逻辑猜测代词所指代的内容 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （山东泰安四模） America’s first transcontinental railroad, completed 150 years ago today at Promontory Summit in Utah, connected the vast United States and brought America into the modern age. Chinese immigrants contributed greatly to this notable achievement, but the historical accounts that followed often ignored their role. Between 1863 and 1869, as many as 20,000 Chinese workers helped build the dangerous western part of the railroad, a winding ribbon of track known as the Central Pacific. At first, the Central Pacific Railroad’s directors wanted a whites-only workforce. When not enough white men signed up, the railroad began hiring Chinese men for the backbreaking labor. Company leaders were skeptical of the new recruits’ ability to do the work, but they proved themselves not only capable but even superior to the other workers. （1） What does “they” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Chinese laborers. B. White workers. C. Company leaders. D. Railroad directors. 答案：A 解析：代词指代题，利用语境逻辑猜测代词所指代的内容，根据上文“When not enough white men signed up， the railroad began hiring Chinese men for the backbreaking labor. Company leaders were skeptical of the new recruits’ ability to do the work...”可知，当没有足够的白人报名时，铁路开始雇用中国男子从事艰苦的劳动。公司领导对新员工的工作能力表示怀疑；而画线词所在分句的句意为“但他们证明自己不仅有能力，甚至比其他工人更胜一筹”分析语境逻辑可知，they 指代上文提及的中国男劳工，故选 A 项。 9. 通过上下文语境猜测词义 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （2023 浙江 1 月真题） Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. （2）What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? A. Share an apartment with you. B. Join you in what you’re doing. C. Transform your way of living. D. Help you to make the decision. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题，利用上下文语境猜测词义。根据第二段第一句“I experienced this... I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me.”和第三段第二、三句“I remember showing my parents a video... and my dad commented on how silly it was formed to carry jars everywhere. ”可知，作者五年前转向零废弃的生活方式时，与作者同住的父母以及后来她的丈夫，并没有准备好追随这种零废弃的可持续发展的生活方式。作者的父亲认为带罐子去买杂货是愚蠢的，她的丈夫也不像她一样完全遵循零废弃的生活方式。由此可知，B 项“Join you in what you’re doing. （同你一起做你所做的事。）”与“jump on that bandwagon （追随潮流；跟风）”释义相近。此处的“潮流”指“零废弃的生活方式”。故选 B 项。 10. 通过上下文的逻辑关系猜测词义 / 句意 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A （2022 浙江 6 月真题） In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist. How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood（情绪） and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort. （3） The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 2 refers to someone who _____________. A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful C. has a natural talent for his job D. gets on well with his co-workers 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题，利用上下文逻辑关系猜测词义。根据画线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office（而那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则得到来自高级办公室里的不屑的目光）”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到领导不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作。相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，画线单词 go-getter 指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选 B 项。 B （浙江绍兴二模） Difficult as it may be, resist the urge to yell when you’re disciplining your kids. Instead, be persistent and matter of fact. During a child’s meltdown, stay calm and explain that yelling, throwing a tantrum, and slamming doors are unacceptable behaviors that have consequences. Your actions will show that tantrums won’t get kids the upper hand. For example, if your child gets upset in the grocery store after you’ve explained why you won’t buy candy, don’t give in—thus demonstrating that the tantrum was both unacceptable and ineffective. Also, consider speaking to your child’s teachers about classroom settings and appropriate behavior expectations. Ask if problem-solving is taught or demonstrated in school. （4） Which of the following best explains the underlined part in this paragraph? A. Emotional outburst is unexpected behaviors. B. Kids shouldn’t be responsible for their behaviors alone. C. Temper loss won’t give the kids a position of advantage. D. Tantrums are ineffective in interpersonal communications. 答案：C 解析：句意猜测题，利用上下文逻辑关系猜测句意。根据文章画线句后一句“For example, if your child gets upset in the grocery store after you’ve explained why you won’t buy candy, don’t give in—thus demonstrating that the tantrum was both unacceptable and ineffective.（例如，如果你的孩子在你解释了你不买糖果的原因后在杂货店生气，不要屈服——这表明发脾气既不可接受又无效。）”可知，for example 表示举例关系，是对画线句的解释说明，由此推知，我们想让孩子知道的是，发脾气不被别人接受，且对他自己来说无任何帮助。由此猜测，画线句子意为“发脾气不会让孩子们处于一个有利的地位”。故选 C 项。 11. 通过定义或解释猜测词义 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （江苏南京、盐城三模） Migratory （迁徙的） birds are declining globally because of the way that humans have changed the landscape over recent decades—according to new research from the University of East Anglia （UEA）. A new study published today reveals that population declines have been greatest among species that migrate to areas with more human infrastructure—roads, buildings, power lines, wind turbines （涡轮机）—as well as more population and hunting levels. （5） What does the underlined word “infrastructure” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Basic systems and services. B. Local transportation. C. Internet facilities. D. Power supplies. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题，利用表示解释的标点符号和解释内容猜测词义。破折号后的内容通常是对前文内容的解释说明。根据破折号后的内容“roads, buildings, power lines, wind turbines （道路、建筑物、输电线、风力涡轮机）”可推知，画线单词 infrastructure 指一些基础设施及服务，A 项“Basic systems and services（基础系统和服务）”符合题意，故选 A 项。 12. 通过构词法猜测词义 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （湖南长沙长郡中学模拟） Luke Grenfell-Shaw has a rare form of cancer. It started as a pain in his shoulder and the tumor spread to his lungs, making it stage four. The Oxford graduate was teaching English in Siberia when he suffered shoulder pain and saw the school nurse. It was her reaction to a lump on his back that sent him back home to Bristol. “I was 24 years old. I had done an ultra marathon,” Luke said. “48 hours later, I was back in hospital in the UK.” On June 19, 2018, doctors told Luke that he had cancer. “I had kind of worked out that it was cancer, but what kind of blew me away was the fact that it was stage four cancer,” says Luke. “That day, my life felt like it had disintegrated. My life had been comfortable and conventional. I worked hard and got rewards in terms of education, jobs, things like that. That was all taken away?” On the day of his diagnosis, Luke had one clear thought in his mind that he wanted to cycle around the world. Itwas something he had always hoped to do, but the cancer news made him realize that he couldn’t put it off. （6） The underlined word “disintegrated” in paragraph 2 means “_____________”. A. disputed B. broken C. disappointed D. confused 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题，利用构词法猜测词义。分析画线词可知，它是由否定前缀 dis- 和动词 integrate 构成的，否定前缀 dis- 表示“相反；不”，integrate 意为“合并；成为一体”，由此推断，画线词意为“瓦解；崩溃”，故选 B 项。 随堂普查练 16 Ⅲ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四 个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A （2022 新高考Ⅱ真题） We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age. Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes （戳） the page with his finger. What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid? Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that. Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your hightech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province. Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star—two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet. （1）What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2? A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me. C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me. （2） Why did the kid poke the storybook? A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures. C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself. （3） What does the author think of himself? A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive. C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent. （4） What can we learn about the author as a journalist? A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television. C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars. （1）答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.”可知，作者是一名记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到这个时代是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。画线词后文所描述的情景：作者给两岁的孙子看图画书时发现，孙子误把图画书当成了平板电脑，于是不停地戳书，印证了上一段所提到的现象，即作者更加清楚地认识到这一事实；由此推知，hit home for me 表示“我很清楚”，故选B 项。 （2）答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三、四句“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.（事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他父亲经常用加载了彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，在平板电脑上戳一下这些图片，图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书也是那样的。）”可知，孩子戳故事书是因为他把故事书当成了平板电脑，故选 A 项。 （3）答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后四句“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobilepayment. I’ve even built websites. （我可能老了，从数码角度来说，我受到了挑战，但并没有糟糕透顶。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站。）”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术，故选 D 项。 （4）答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段首句“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.（然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在镜头前待着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的。）”可知，作者作为记者很少上电视，故选 B 项。 B （山西太原三模） When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional methods: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. As Mathias describes, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented artificial words over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German. Those who performed better on the task showed a higher level of activity in their motor cortex—the part of the brain that is responsible for our body movements. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. The effect did not occur when the subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures. Another research group led by Leipzig had young adults and eight-year-old children listen to new vocabulary for five days, paired with matching pictures or videos of gestures. After two months, the two methods were still tied. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both. But it is not only the motor component itself that promotes learning. The meaning conveyed by the gesture also figures in. “I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms,” Goldin-Meadow says. “Good teachers and good listeners use it, but not always in a systematic way. Others don’t necessarily bring it into the class if they don’t think about it—and it could be used more often and more effectively.” （5） What is the fifinding of Brian Mathias’ research? A. Translation helps vocabulary building. B. Motor cortex interprets body language. C. Gestures facilitate vocabulary learning. D. Memory improves with regular practice. （6） What does Leipzig’s research tell us about language learning? A. Adults and children are equally efficient learners. B. Pictures have little influence on language learning. C. Pictures are found more helpful than videos for children. D. Benefits of gestures are more evident in adults in the long run. （7）What do the underlined words “figures in” in the last paragraph mean? A. Makes a deal. B. Plays a part. C. Takes a chance. D. Gives a warning. （8） What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom? A. Make better use of gestures. B. Teach listening in a systematic way. C. Abandon traditional teaching methods. D. Do some academic researches on teaching. （5）答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“But Brian Mathias’ research team found out that if you gesture with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later.（但 Brian Mathias的研究团队发现，如果你在学习时用手臂做手势，你可以更好地记住词汇，甚至在几个月后还记得。）”可知，做手势有助于词汇学习，故选 C 项。 （6）答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“After two months, the two methods were still tied. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both.（两个月后，这两种方法仍然不分伯仲。但六个月后，成年人从手势中获益要多于图片，而孩子们从这两种方式中得到的帮助是一样的。）”可知，从长远来看，手势的好处在成年人中更为明显，故选D 项。 （7）答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段前两句“But it is not only the motor component itself that promotes learning. The meaning conveyed by the gesture also figures in.”中的关联词 not only 和 also 可推知，第二句在语意上与第一句是递进关系，即手势传达的含义在学习上也发挥着重要的作用，故选 B 项。 （8）答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，GoldinMeadow 认为，我们在课堂上没有充分利用手势。好的老师和好的听众会使用它，但并不总是会以系统的方式进行。其他人如果没有考虑到它本可以被更频繁、更有效地使用，就不一定会把它带到课堂上。由此可以推断出，作者建议教师应在课堂更好地利用手势进行教学，故选 A 项。 13. 把握段落结构，利用段落中心句概括段落大意 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （2025 改编） It’s no small task to give waste fishing nets a second act. The nets are typically made of a substance called nylon which tends to dramatically degrade （降解） the longer it sits in the ocean and is exposed to the sun. “This makes it nearly impossible to use abandoned fishing nets directly,” Rathore explains. Besides, high-performance smartphone, tablet, or PC has to be waterproof and can survive severe weather. The nylon in the fishing nets falls far short of that level of durability （耐用）. （1） What is the main idea of this paragraph? A. The low level of durability of nylon. B. The second act of waste fishing nets. C. The great difficulty in reusing waste fishing nets. D. The electronic products can survive severe weather. 答案：C 解析：段落大意题，利用段落中心句概括段落大意。分析段落内容和结构可知，段落首句“It’s no small task to give waste fishing nets a second act.（让废旧渔网重获新生并不是一个小任务。）”为本段中心句，由此可知，本段主要讲述了重复使用废旧渔网的难度很大，C 项是中心句的同义表述，故选 C 项。A 项属于以偏概全，只概括了尼龙材料的低耐用性；B 项属于曲解文意，原文是说让废旧渔网重获新生并不是一个小任务，而并非废旧渔网的重获新生；D 项属于以偏概全，只讲述了段落中的某一个细节。 14. 分析段落内容，概括段落大意 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （2023 全国Ⅰ真题） If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate （有文字的） societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. （2）What is this paragraph mainly about? A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about. C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable. 答案：A 解析：段落大意题，通过分析段落内容概括段落大意。分析本段内容可知，如果想要客观公平地讲述全球历史，仅仅通过文字资料是不可行的，因为世界上大多数地区在很长一段时间内都没有文字，文字是后来才出现的。而且，即使有文字的地区也会用实物来记载重要的事情，所以 A 项“How past events should be presented. （历史事件应该如何呈现。）”是本段主要讲述的内容。故选 A 项。 15. 把握文章结构，利用文章主题句概括文章主旨 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （2025 改编） In today’s world, online social media has become more powerful and the most destructive thing worldwide. Although with time all generations have come to accept the changes the social network has brought about, teenagers and young adults are the most enthusiastic users of these sites. According to various research studies in the fifield of online social networks, it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Myspace, there are both positive and negative effects on the youth. Firstly, social media helps the youth and any other user updated with what is happening around the world, and helps the teenagers stay connected and interact with each other even if they are many miles apart. This strengthens their relationship. Even if they finish school and move to different locations, they can stay connected through social media and update one another. In addition, social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based on their common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by updating different topics to discuss. Youth who have been interviewed say that social media has become their lifestyle and it makes their lives easier and more efficient. While on the one hand social network sites seem to bring people together and help them stay connected, on the other hand it causes many physical and mental health problems such as eyes infection, back problems, etc. Other negative effects of the social network various people suggested include encouraging poor spelling and grammar, exposing the underage to online predators （捕食者）, allowing spread of misinformation that is seen as fact, decreasing productivity as those who are supposed to be working spend time in the sites to chat, providing a perfect platform for cyberbullying and providing details that increase risks of identity theft. “The more social media we have, the more we think were connecting, yet we are really disconnecting from each other,” one researcher said. In conclusion, the social network clearly portrays both positive and negative effects on the youth. It is the decision of individuals whether to use it in a right way or not. （3） What is the passage mainly about? A. The research on online social media. B. The correct way to use online social media. C. The introduction of online social media history. D. The influence of online social media on the youth. 答案：D 解析：文章主旨题，利用文章主题句概括文章主旨。分析文章结构可知，本文采用“总—分—总”的结构展开叙述，作者在首段末尾提出主题思想：使用这些在线社交媒体对年轻人既有积极的影响，也有消极的影响。同时，文章结尾呼应首段，总结说明社交网络对年轻人既有正面也有负面影响，但关键还是看个人如何使用。因此，本文主要讲述在线社交媒体对青年人的影响，故选 D 项。A 项属于扩大主题，本文以在线社交媒体的研究引入，主要讨论在线社交媒体对年轻人的积极影响和消极影响，而不是主要讨论在线社交媒体，因此排除 A 项。B、C 项属于无中生有，文中没有介绍使用社交媒体的正确方法，也没有介绍在线社交媒体的历史，因此排除 B、C 项。 16. 分析、归纳文章事实信息，概括文章主旨 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （四川成都第七中学模拟） Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness. In Jungian philosophy, the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives. While Jung’s mystical theories are debatable, he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming. A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways. This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic （新陈代谢的） systems, let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns, which has longterm consequences for our memory system. One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM （Rapid Eye Movement） sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories. You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from our nighttime rest. We sleep in cycles （周期）, each lasting about 90 minutes; in a sleep cycle, we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM. As the night progresses, REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep （one of the stages of non-REM sleep） decreases. The longer we sleep, the more time we spend in REM, which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning. If we sleep less than seven hours, however, it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM. The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabilizer. We recover from emotional hurt faster when we sleep and dream properly. However, we’re not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian antidepressant （抗抑郁药）—dreams. Instead, we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep, which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM. We’re paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways. For example, a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration （整合） of unassociated information. Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring creative solutions. Rowan Hooper, the managing editor at New Scientist, writes that dreams that include an “emotional core” appear to be a main function of REM sleep and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we look at diet and exercise habits. （4）What’s the main idea of the passage? A. The importance of sleep lies in dreams. B. The absence of dreams is terrible for us. C. Dreaming patterns are more important than we realize. D. Dreaming has mystical power of strengthening memories. 答案：B 解析：文章主旨题，通过分析和归纳文章信息概括文章主旨。通读全文可知，文章第一段阐述了做梦的重要性，缺乏做梦会给我们带来损害；第二段介绍了缺乏做梦会对我们的免疫系统、新陈代谢和记忆造成损害；第四段讲述了睡眠和做梦结合起来可以起到稳定情绪的作用；第五段提出我们正在因缺乏做梦而付出代价。由此可推知，本文主要介绍了缺乏做梦对于我们来说是可怕的。故选 B 项。 17. 把握文章结构，利用文章主题句归纳文章标题 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （黑龙江大庆二模） Far below every town and city lies an invisible network of pipes crucial to the lives of their residents. Once water disappears down a pipe or toilet, people rarely think about what happens to it. It’s out of sight, out of mind. The water flows into pipes that carry excess rainwater, wastewater and solid waste away, keeping the city clean. There are three main types of sewers （下水道）: sanitary （卫 生的） sewers, storm sewers and combined sewers. Taipei has both sanitary and storm sewers where rainwater and sewage are collected using different pipes. This sewer system functions as a city’s veins （静脉）. Water containing human and industrial waste is collected in sanitary sewers and conveyed to sewage treatment plants, the heart of the sewer system, where waste is treated. There, the solid waste is separated from the water, which is then cleaned before being released back into the environment. It will be reused for industrial, agricultural or environmental purposes or to produce energy. Furthermore, the mud and gas from sewage treatment can be used to produce energy. They not only contribute to a healthy environment and good quality of life, but also achieve the goal of sustainable development. While wastewater collection and treatment are critical to the health of urban residents, storm sewers also play an important role in the city. Green space has given way to concrete during the island’s rapid development and extensive building projects over the past few decades. As a consequence, there has been a loss of the land’s natural water as concrete cannot absorb rainwater. When an extreme weather event like a severe storm or typhoon brings heavy rain, storm sewers must cope with the water, so it does not flood the city. However, storm sewers are only part of the measures for water management and flood prevention. To reduce flooding, an integrated urban drainage management plan has been adopted, where all the factors—storm sewers, land planning and economic development—are considered together. Engineering innovations, additional flood discharge facilities and increased green space requirements in new development projects have improved water maintaining in cities. Who knew that sewers help improve urban public health, prevent urban flooding and boost environmental protection? Together they protect vital water resources and maintain the safety of people and property. （5）What would be the proper title for the passage? A. A City’s Underground Construction B. A City’s Hidden Network C. How a City Operates Well D. Two Aspects of a City or Town 答案：B 解析：标题归纳题，利用主题句归纳文章标题。根据第一段首句“Far below every town and city lies an invisible network of pipes crucial to the lives of their residents.（在每个乡镇、城市的地下，都深埋着一个对居民生活至关重要的隐形管道网络。）”可知，本文主要介绍了城市下方看不见的管道网络。由此可知，B 项“A City’s Hidden Network（城市的隐藏网络）”适合作本文标题。故选 B 项。 随堂普查练 16 Ⅳ 随堂普查练 16 Ⅳ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四 个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A （江苏南京师大附中模拟） The rise of the Internet and social media has greatly expanded our access to information—and that includes false or misleading information. Thus, it’s vital to teach our children media literacy—the ability to critically evaluate information online. A 2016 Stanford University study, for example, showed that high school students had a hard time distinguishing between sponsored content and news articles or determining the potential prejudice of social media messages. A more recent MIT study on the spread of false information on Twitter found that fake news stories were 70 percent more likely to be retweeted （推特转发） than true news stories. “We’re in the most profound information revolution in 500 years,” says Howard Schneider, the executive director of Stony Brook University’s Center for News Literacy. “Our children are not prepared for the change. My metaphor is that we need to inject every student with an initial dose of news literacy before they leave middle school. We need to build their immunities （免疫） against this flflood of false information and then continue to strengthen these lessons in high school.” Rachel Kelsh, a social studies teacher from Hampton Bays High School on Long Island, is one of the teachers piloting Stony Brook’s program. Every week her students learn to examine current events using different news sources. She uses this time to explain why some stories are reliable and others aren’t, and to teach how some people carefully choose their news only from sources that share their political bent. She also explains how social media algorithms （算法） work—for example, how liking something on TikTok means you’ll be shown more of that type of content. And she insists that parents should also do their parts in their children’s media literacy. Media literacy is a key 21st century skill and its importance will only increase. Learning how to evaluate media is an increasingly important skill for our children. （1） What did the author hope to show by citing the two university studies? A. The influence of fake news. B. The misjudgment of students. C. The wide access to online news. D. The urgency of critical thinking. （2） What does the metaphor of “to inject every student with an initial dose of news literacy” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. To teach our children media literacy at a young age. B. To stop our children receiving false information. C. To keep our children immune against online news. D. To protect our children against addiction to online news. （3）What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. How Stony Brook’s program is running. B. How students fifight with online fake news. C. How people work together to help children. D. How social media work on children. （4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. The Most Needed Skill in the 21st Century B. Media Literacy, a Must for Our Children C. Be Careful with News Stories Online D. The Importance of Media Literacy （1）答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，2016 年斯坦福大学的一项研究表明，高中生很难区分付费软文和新闻文章，也很难确定社交媒体信息中潜在的偏见；根据第二段第二句可知，麻省理工学院最近一项关于推特上虚假信息传播的研究发现，假新闻被转发的可能性比真实新闻高出 70%。结合两项研究可知，高中生缺乏批判性地评估网上信息的能力，作者引用这两项研究是为了说明培养孩子们批判性思维的紧迫性，与文章主题呼应，故选 D 项。 （2）答案：A 解析：句意猜测题。根据第三段中的“Our children are not prepared for the change. My metaphor is that we need to inject every student with an initial dose of news literacy before they leave middle school. We need to build their immunities against this flood of false information and then continue to strengthen these lessons in high school.”可知，“My metaphor”上文提到孩子们没有为巨大的信息变革做好准备，下文提到我们需要建立他们对虚假信息的免疫力，所以“给每一位学生注入一剂新闻素养的初始剂量”的意思是在孩子们很小的时候就要培养他们的媒体素养，故选 A 项。 （3）答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句“Rachel Kelsh, a social studies teacher from Hampton Bays High School on Long Island, is one of the teachers piloting Stony Brook’s program.（Rachel Kelsh 是长岛汉普顿湾高中的一名社会研究教师，也是 Stony Brook 项目的试点教师之一。）”以及下文介绍的“Rachel Kelsh 如何培养学生媒体素养”可知，第四段主要介绍 Stony Brook 的项目是如何运行的，故选 A 项。 （4）答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容可知，互联网和社交媒体的兴起极大地扩大了我们获取信息的渠道，其中包括虚假或误导性信息。因此，孩子媒体素养教育至关重要；根据文章最后一段内容可知，媒体素养是 21 世纪的一项关键技能，其重要性只会增加。结合文章首尾段的内容可知，文章主要讲述培养孩子媒体素养的重要性和必要性，故选 B 项。 B （北京海淀区一模） To the untrained eye, a ping pong ball is just a ping pong ball. To a Beverly Cleary fan, it’s two motorcycle helmets for mice. Ever since I read Cleary’s series about Ralph, the motorcycle—riding mouse, I’ve never looked at a ping pong ball—or the world—the same way. Amazing to think that it’s been more than forty years since I checked out The Mouse and the Motorcycle from my school library in Northport, Alabama, and yet that one particular image is as clear to me as ever. And why shouldn’t it be? It’s perfect. How I wanted a mouse of my own to ride a toy motorcycle around my house! Thanks to Cleary’s genius, a talking mouse friend seemed not only possible but probable. While much of children’s literature attempted to explain the world from the point of view of a wise and gentle adult, Cleary created characters who saw the world as only children can. With great interest, I read every book that bore Beverly Cleary’s name. She seemed like a friend who understood me in ways I didn’t yet understand myself. I’ve written eight children’s books and have always kept Beverly’s sense of wonder in mind. I don’t remember at exactly what age I decided I wanted to write books, but I know that by second or third grade, my teacher assigned a project that allowed us to focus on whatever we wanted. My best friend picked dolphins; I chose children’s authors, with a large chunk of my project being about who else? Beverly Cleary! I told that story recently to a school group. One of the students said, “That’s fantastic! You did your project on children’s authors and then you became one!” “Yes,” I said. “And even more amazing, my best friend who did her project on dolphins—became a dolphin!” “Really?” the students said in chorus. And that perfectly sums up why I love writing for children: the belief that fantastic, magical things can happen. Best friends can become dolphins; mice can ride toy motorcycles and become our friends. That’s what Beverly Cleary taught me. In the hands of a gifted storyteller, anything is possible... and very funny. （5）The Mouse and the Motorcycle impressed the author mainly because __________. A. it recorded animals’ life B. it revealed the wisdom of life C. it encouraged children to raise pets D. it described the world from children’s eyes （6）When learning the author’s friend became a dolphin, the students felt __________. A. amazed B. doubtful C. scared D. confused （7）What is the passage mainly about? A. What the author created to attract children. B. What the author did to turn impossible into possible. C. How Beverly Cleary aroused children’s interest in reading. D. How the author was inspired to be a writer by Beverly Cleary. （5）答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Ever since I read Cleary’s series about Ralph, the motorcycle—riding mouse, I’ve never looked at a ping pong ball—or the world—the same way. （自从我读了 Cleary 关于骑摩托车的老鼠 Ralph 的系列小说后，我就再也没有以同样的方式看待过乒乓球或者世界。）”以及第五段的内容可知，Cleary 创作的人物以只有儿童才能看到的视角来看待世界。由此可知，The Mouse and the Motorcycle 令作者印象深刻是因为它从儿童的视角来描述世界，故选 D 项。 （6）答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三、四段中的“‘And even more amazing, my best friend who did her project on dolphins—became a dolphin!’ ‘Really?’ the students said in chorus.（‘ 更惊奇的是，我最好的朋友做了一个与海豚相关的项目，变成了一只海豚 !’‘ 真的吗？’学生们异口同声地说。）”可推知，当孩子们得知作者的一个朋友变成了海豚时，他们感到很惊讶，故选A 项。 （7）答案：D 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第六段首句“I’ve written eight children’s books and have always kept Beverly’s sense of wonder in mind.（我已经写了八本儿童读物，并一直将 Beverly 的好奇感铭记于心。）”和最后两句“...I chose children’s authors, with a large chunk of my project being about who else? Beverly Cleary!（我选择了儿童作家，我的项目很大一部分是关于谁呢？Beverly Cleary!）”，以及最后一段“That’s what Beverly Cleary taught me. In the hands of a gifted storyteller, anything is possible... and very funny.（这是 Beverly 教我的。在一个有天赋的小说家手中，一切皆有可能，并且非常有趣。）”可知，本文主要讲述了作者是如何受到 Beverly 的启发而成为一名作家的故事，故选 D 项。 课后提分练 16 阅读理解 A 组（巩固提升） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Passage 1 （2023 新高考Ⅱ真题） Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone （May 26 to September 2） Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail （小径）, camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics（June 5 to August 21） Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center. Canyon Talks at Artist Point（June 9 to September 2） From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon （峡谷） while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Photography Workshops（June 19 & July 10） Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest? A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. 2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about? A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals. C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area. 3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. 主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化 科学素养：思维品质和文化意识 1. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间说明“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone （May 26 to September 2）”“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics （June 5 to August 21）”“Canyon Talks at Artist Point （June 9to September 2）”以及“Photography Workshops （June 19 & July 10）”可知，在四个项目中，Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone 开始的时间最早，为 5 月 26日，故选 D 项。 2. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据 Canyon Talks at Artist Point （June 9 to September 2）部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon while learning about the area’s natural and human history.（从一个经典的视角欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史。）”可知，在 Artist Point 的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的，故选 D 项。 3. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据 Photography Workshops （June 19 & July 10）部分中的“7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”可知，7 月 10 日的摄影研讨会将在 Washburn Trailhead 举行，故选 B 项。 Passage 2 （2023 全国Ⅰ真题） PRACTITIONERS 1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine. 2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A. She wrote a book. B. She went through trials. C. She worked as a dentist. D. She had formal education. 3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian. C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 主题语境：人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 科学素养：思维品质 1. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据 Jacqueline 部分中的“she worked as a physician and performed surgery （她当过外科医生，做过外科手术）”和 James 部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813（她 1813 年获得了做外科医生的资格）”可知，Jacqueline 和 James 的共同点是都可以进行外科手术，故选 C 项。 2. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。对此四个人物介绍，再根据Tan Yunxian 部分中的“Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.”可知，Tan 与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书，故选 A 项。 3. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据 Rebecca Lee Crumpler 部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler 是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人，故选 D 项。 Passage 3 （2023 全国Ⅱ真题） Where to Eat in Bangkok Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure. Nahm Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary （烹饪的） experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Londonbased Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods. Bo. lan Bo. lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu. Gaggan Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues （场所） to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best. 1. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common? A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London. C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels. 2. Which restaurant offers a large set menu? A. Gaggan. B. Bo. lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm. 3. What is special about Gaggan? A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day. C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests. 主题语境：人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 科学素养：思维品质 1. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据 Nahm 部分的“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star”和Issaya Siamese Club 部分的 internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant 可知，两家餐厅的共同点是都有顶级厨师，故选 C 项。 2. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据 Bo. lan 部分最后一句中的there’s a large set menu 可知，Bo. lan 餐厅提供大分量的套餐，故选 B 项。 3. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据 Gaggan 部分中的“offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action”可知，Gaggan 的特殊之处在于它向客人展示烹饪过程，故选 D 项。 Passage 4 （2023 新高考Ⅰ真题） When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria （细菌） ? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge （污泥）. First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage （污水） from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 1. What can we learn about John from the first wo paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 3. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 4. What is the basis for John’s work? A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术 科学素养：思维品质 1. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据前两段可知，John Todd 小时候喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。在大学学习了相关知识之后，John 开始思考是否可以利用自然现象解决人类制造的污染问题，由此可知，John 聪颖好学、好奇心很强，故选C 项。 2. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine”和第三、四段的内容可知，John 将污泥放入生态机器后，最终的结果是生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃起来。几周内，污泥就被消化了，只剩下纯净水。由此可知，John 主要是想测试他的生态机器，故选 D 项。 3. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.”可推知，作者提到中国福州是为了展示 John Todd 的“生态机器”想法 的应用，故选 B 项。 4. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“‘You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.’”可知，John 的工作是基于大 自然可以自我修复这一原理展开的，故选 A 项。 Passage 5 （2022 新高考Ⅱ真题） Children’ s Discovery Museum General Information about Group Play Pricing Group Play $7/person Scholarships We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required. Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices （发票） must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship. Group Size We require one chaperone （监护人） per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult. Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more, please call to discuss options. Hours The Museum is open daily from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm. Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open. Registration Policy Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance. Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options. Once the registration form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation email within two business days. Guidelines · Teachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times. · Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum. · Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits. · Use your indoor voice when at the Museum. 1. What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship? A. Prepay the admission fees. B. Use the Museum’s transportation. C. Take a survey after the visit. D. Schedule their visit on weekdays. 2. How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 3. What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum? A. Using the computer. B. Talking with each other. C. Touching the exhibits. D. Exploring the place alone. 主题语境：人与社会——文化、艺术与体育 科学素养：思维品质 1. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据 Scholarships 部分第一段 “We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required. （我们会视情况为低收入 的学校和青年组织提供奖学金。需要参与参观后的调 查。）”可知，如果一个团体获得了奖学金，他们需要 在参观后参加一个调查，故选 C 项。 2. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据 Group Size 部分第一段第一 句“We require one chaperone per ten children.（我们要 求每 10 个孩子有 1 位监护人陪同。）”可知，一个有 30 个孩子的团体在参观博物馆时需要 3 位监护人陪 同，故选 C 项。 3. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据 Guidelines 部分第二点 “Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.（无人陪伴的儿童不被允许进入博物馆的 任何区域。）”可知，禁止儿童独自探索博物馆，故选 D 项。 Passage 6 （2022 全国Ⅱ真题） Theatres and Entertainment St David’s Hall St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music. The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk The Glee Club Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here. Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ www.glee.co.uk/cardiff Sherman Cymru Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity（机会） to do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world. Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE www.shermancymru.co.uk New Theatre The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city. Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk 1. Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted? A. At the New Theatre. B. At the Glee Club. C. At Sherman Cymru. D. At St David’s Hall. 2. What can people do at the Glee Club? A. Watch musicals. B. Enjoy comedies. C. See family shows. D. Do creative things. 3. Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff’s oldest surviving theatre? A. www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B. www.shermancymru.co.uk C. www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D. www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk 主题语境：人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 科学素养：思维品质和文化意识 1. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据 St David’s Hall 部分中的 St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff 可知，St David’s Hall 是加的夫一年一度的 Welsh Proms 的举办地，故选 D 项。 2. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据 The Glee Club 部分中的 Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club 和 “If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.”可知，人们 在 The Glee Club 可以欣赏喜剧，故选 B 项。 3. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据 New Theatre 部分中的 the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre 可知，加的夫现存最古老的传统剧院是 New Theatre，New Theatre 的网址是 www.newtheatrecardiff. co.uk，故选 A 项。 Passage 7 （2022 全国Ⅰ真题） Henry Raeburn （1756—1823） The Exhibition This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. Lecture Series Scottish National Portrait （肖像画） Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free. Exhibition Times Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45 Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January Admission ￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. Schools and Colleges A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers. 1. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries? A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs. 13 Nov. 2. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16. 3. How can full-time students get group discounts? A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools. C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them. 1. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的 Raeburn’s English Contemporaries 可定位至表格第二列，第一行，由此 可知，Raeburn’s English Contemporaries 举行的时间 是 Thursday 30 Oct.，故选 B 项。 2. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的 admission 可定位 至 Admission 部分。根据“￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.”可知，一对 夫妇带两个 12 岁以下的孩子看展，两个孩子免费， 只需支付两个大人的门票即可，即￡4×2=￡8，故选 B 项。 3. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的 full-time 定位 至 Schools and Colleges 部分。根据“A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education… in organised groups with teachers.” 可知，只有加入老师组织的团队，即在老师的带 领下，全日制的学生才能享受团体折扣。organised groups with teachers 等同于 led by teachers，故选 C 项。 Passage 8 （2022 新高考 I 真题） Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays （60%） Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Group Assignments （30%） Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业） during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework （10%） Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/ discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late Work An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 1. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of ? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade. C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it. 主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习 科学素养：思维品质 1. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature”可知，文章内容主要是 关于文学导论课的评分规则；同时，通读小标题内 容可知，Essays （60%）部分介绍的是学生完成四篇 论文占课程成绩的 60%；Group Assignments （30%） 部分介绍的是学生分小组完成四项作业占课程成绩 的 30%；Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework （10%）部分介绍的是日常作业、课 堂写作与测试、小组作业和家庭作业占课程成绩的 10%；Late Work 部分介绍的是迟交作业的降分规则。 综上所述，本文主要介绍了文学导论课程成绩包含 的几项考核内容和该课程成绩的评分标准，由此可 推知，文章应该出自课程计划（A course plan），故选 C 项。 2. 答案：B 解 析： 细 节 理 解 题 。根 据 三 个 小 标 题“ E s s a y s （60%）”，“Group Assignments（30%）”和“Daily Work/ In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework （10%）”可知，学生的期末成绩是由“论文”、“小组 作业”和“日常作业 / 课堂写作和测试 / 小组作业 / 家 庭作业”三部分组成，故选 B 项。 3. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据 Late Work 部分的第二句“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.”可知，学生如果逾期四天仍未上交作业， 则会得零分，因此晚交一周只能拿零分，故选 A 项。 Passage 9 （北京东城区二模） Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads. The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain. According to Conrad King, the researcher who carried out the review, “More than any other senses, the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter.” Smell, which dictates the unbelievable complexity of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10,000 distinct smells. Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1,000 genes, which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome. Researchers Richard Axeland Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory （嗅觉的） genes and to explain how our olfactory system works. According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites. In contrast, the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus. However, the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others. They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors. 1. What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out? A. The category of food smells. B. The logical part of human brain. C. The nature of human olfactory system. D. The relationship between food and feelings. 2. Which of the following can help people concentrate? A. Bread. B. Fruits. C. Coffee. D. Fast food. 3. What do we know from the last paragraph? A. Some people can recognize up to 50 smells. B. Every person has a different pattern of genes. C. Different people are sensitive to different smells. D. There are still some olfactory genes to be found out. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. Logic and behaviour. B. Smell and its influence. C. Sense ability and food tastes. D. Olfactory genes and its system. 主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术 学科素养：思维品质 1. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1，000 olfactory genes and to explain how our olfactory system works．”可知，这两位科学家首次描述了 1000 个嗅觉基因家族，并解释了我们的嗅觉系统是如何工 作的。C 项“人类嗅觉系统的本质”是对原文的正确表 述，故选 C 项。 2. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Similarly， the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus．”可知，同样，柠檬 和咖啡的气味似乎促进了清晰的思维和精神专注力。 由此可知，咖啡有助于提高专注力，故选 C 项。 3. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“T he Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors．”可知，以色列 研究人员表示，他们的研究表明，几乎每个人的嗅觉 感受器的活跃和不活跃模式都不一样。由此可以推断 出，不同的人对不同的气味敏感，故选 C 项。 4. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Recent studies have found， among other things， that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads．”可知，最近的研究发现，比萨饼等 食物的味道会让道路上的司机产生无法控制的愤怒； 再结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要介绍了气味及其对人的影响，故选 B 项。 Passage 10 （2023 全国Ⅱ真题） Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY （do-it-yourself）. Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with. But when Derek built our family house about eight years ago, I was heavily involved （参 与）, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was back-breaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.” Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy （租期） comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.” With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. A fifth wish to increase the value of their houses. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge. 1. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer. 2. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day? A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work. C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby. 3. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented? A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself. C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement. 4. What trend in DIY does the research show? A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming. C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females. 主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事 科学素养：思维品质 1. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词组下一句“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.”可知，Terri Bolton 擅长搭架子和拼装家具，能自己做的事绝不花钱，由此可推断出她是一个 DIY 能手。a dab hand 意为“能手；行家”，specialist（专家）最接近 a dab hand 的意思，故选 C 项。 2. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.”可知，祖父给Terri Bolton 的零花钱是对她一天工作的奖励，即对她工作的犒赏，故选 B 项。 3. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She adds: ‘I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.’”可知，Terri Bolton喜欢按照自己的喜好重新布置租住的房间，所以，为了避免搬走时的不必要的费用损失，知道如何填补破洞和粉刷房间的技能是很有用的。由此可推知，她是在退房前将屋子恢复到原样，以避免扣除押金，故选 A 项。 4. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.”可知，尽管 DIY 传统上被认为是男性的爱好，但研究表明，现在是女性在引领这一潮流，即在女性中越来越受欢迎，故选 D 项。 Passage 11 （2023 新高考Ⅱ真题） Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include handson experiments such as soil testing, flowerand-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 1. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 2. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 3. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习 科学素养：思维品质 1. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. （起初是这样的，Abby Jaramillo说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了 Urban Sprouts 这一学校花园项目。）”可知，Abby Jaramillo是 Urban Sprouts 的发起者，故选 D 项。 2. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“‘They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.’ Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作，故选 C 项。 3. 答案：A 解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。根 据 最 后 一 段 中 的“ t h e program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening... Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且使许多学生对园艺有了兴趣，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的，故选 A 项。 4. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段的第二、三句“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了 Abby Jaramillo 与几个老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，提高环保意识以及养成健康生活方式的 Urban Sprouts 花园项目，让学生体验乡村田园生活，对学生影响深远。因此 B 项“体验乡村生活”最适合作为本文标题，故选 B 项。 Passage 12 （河北衡水中学高考押题卷） The Public Transport Fares in New York On our website, you can find out how much it costs to ride the subway, bus, Long Island Rail Road, and Metro-North in the New York area. ★ Subways and buses ·Fare for most riders on subways and local, limited, and Select Bus Service buses: $2.85. ·Express buses cost $6.85. More information about subway and bus fares ·Riding the subway costs $2.85 for most riders. People with disabilities or who are 65 or older are qualified for a reduced fare. ·An unlimited ride MetroCard can save you money. It gives you unlimited rides for a certain length of time. ·MetroCards cost $1. All cards except for the Single Ride card are refillable （可充值的）. ·Up to three children under 44 inches tall ride for free when they are with a fare-paying adult. ·You pay the fare at turnstiles （旋转闸门） before you aboard the train. You don’t have to do anything afterwards. ★ Railroads: LIRR（Long Island Rail Road）and Metro-North ·Fares vary based on when and where you are travelling. ·Buying tickets on your phone is the most convenient option. More information about railroad fares ·Peak （高峰的） fares are charged during business rush hours on any weekday train scheduled to arrive in New York City terminals between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m. or depart New York City terminals between 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. On Metro-North trains, peak fares also apply to travel on any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Station between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m. ·Off-peak fares are charged at all other times on weekdays, all day on Saturday and Sunday, and on holidays. ·Use our trip planner to find fare information. Get schedules and directions and see whether a trip is during peak or off-peak hours. 1. How much might a subway trip cost a 68-year-old man with two children under 44 inches tall? A. $2.35. B. $2.85.$$