内容正文:
2024年初中英语语法学习之形容词、副词比较等级的用法
(1) 原级:①表示甲与乙在某一方面程度相等,基本句型是“as+形容词或副词原形+as”。如:I think swimming is as interesting as cycling. Tom runs as fast as Mike. ②表示甲在某一方面不及乙,基本句型是“not as/so+形容词或副词原形+as”。如:Amy is not as tall as Peter. She didn’t come as/so early as you.
(2) 比较级:①表示两者(人或事物)比较,两方中一方超过另一方,基本句型是“形容词或副词的比较级+than(在形容词、副词的比较级前,可以用much, a little/bit, far, even, any等来修饰)”。如:Sandy’s hair is longer than Millie’s hair. A car goes faster than a bike. ②表示本身的程度改变,不与其他事物相比,基本句型是“形容词或副词的比较级+形容词或副词的比较级或more and more+多音节形容词或副词”。如:The nights are getting shorter and shorter. Our school is getting more and more beautiful.
(3) 最高级:表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)比较,其中某一方程度最高,基本句型是“the+形容词或副词的最高级+(名词)+表示比较范围的介词短语(in+集体名词或of+个体名词的复数)或从句”。如:He is the tallest boy in my class. Lin Tao jumped (the ) highest of the three. This is the best film that I have ever seen.
常见相似副词的区别
(1) hard与hardly:hard努力地;hardly几乎不。如:Jim is working hard on English. Mike hardly work at English.
(2) wide与widely:wide宽阔地;widely。如:The window is wide open. English is widely used in many countries.
(3) high与highly:high高高地;highly高度地。如:The plane is flying high in the sky. Mr. Brown spoke highly of Jim.
(4) near与nearly:near接近地;nearly几乎,差不多。如:Women’s Day is coming near. It’s nearly 10:00 o’clock in the evening.
说明:与形容词同形的副词一般表示实际、具体的意义;而-ly副词则表示抽象的意义。
ed形容词和ing形容词的区别和用法
(1)-ing形容词表示主动意义,多指事物影响到人,意思一般是“使人(感到)……的”。如:interesting 有趣的;surprising使人惊讶的;pleasing使人愉快的;moving动人的;exciting令人激动的;tiring使人疲倦的
以后缀-ing结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如:
The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。
ed形容词和ing形容词的区别和用法
(2)-ed形容词表示被动意义,多指人受到事物的影响,意思是“感到……的”,常用于“sb.+-ed形容词+介词”结构,有时也作定语用。如:interested感兴趣的;surprised感到惊讶的;pleased感到愉快的;moved受感动的;excited感到激动的;tired感到疲倦的
以后缀-ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如:
He had a pleas