专题04 v-ed形式作定语、状语【考点串讲PPT】-高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲（外研版2019）

v-ed形式 作定语、状语 Attributive （定语） 定义：定语是用来修饰、限定名词或代词的品质与 特征的成分。 汉语中常翻译为“……的”。 种类：主要有形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动 词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词 的词、短语或句子。 describe！ break broken a broken heart v-ed 被动、完成 describe！ injure injured an injured arm v-ed 被动、完成 1 Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. 2 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, … Read the sentences and underline the past participles and then discuss their functions 定语 定语 定语 1.过去分词作定语时和被修饰词之间是被动关系； 2.过去分词短语作定语时位于被修饰词之后，即后置定语，而单个过去分词作定语时一般前置 过去分词(短语)作定语 3.只表完成不表被动的过去分词： hidden (hide) 躲藏 dressed (dress) 穿着 seated (seat) 坐 located (locate) 位于 faced with (face) 面对 tired of (tire) 厌倦 worried about (worry) 担心 lost 迷路 lost in/absorbed in 专心于 retired （retire）退休 eg. The old man over there is a retired teacher. 那边那个人是一位退休教师。（仅表示动作完成） 及物动词 的过去分词作定语 被修饰词与过去分词为被动关系且表示动作已完成或描述状态 He is a teacher loved by his students. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语 没有被动意义，只表示动作已完成 There lived a retired teacher in the area. 过去分词(短语)作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动。 v-ed形式作状语 1.作时间状语 (1)作时间状语（与时间状语从句可转换） 相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词when, while, until等，使其时间意义更明确。 eg.When asked for his views about teacher’s teaching method, he said he found it very interesting and attractive. (2) 作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句或并列句。 Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. ＝Because John was absorbed in painting, he didn't notice evening approaching. ＝John was absorbed in painting, so he didn't notice evening approaching. 2.作原因状语 (3) 作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句。可加连词 if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。 Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. 如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以用六周。 3.作条件状语 4.作让步状语 (4)作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句。可加although, though, even if, even though, whether...or等连词转换成让步状语从句。 Defeated by his competitor, he never gave up. ＝ Although he was defeated by his competitor, he never gave up any hope. 尽管被对手击败，但是他永不言弃。