内容正文:
名词
一、名词的数
1. 可数名词都有单数和复数形式。
单数=1 a book
前有限定词
(1)冠词:a/an/the 语法填空:a/an + adj. +单数n.
(2)代词:that/this/every/each
(3)名词所有格:Lihua’s book
(4)形容词性物主代词:my book
(5)基数词1:one book
(6)固定搭配:have a look/seat
复数>1 two pens
(1)a number of/many/quite a few/few/a few/several/these/those/
both/all+复数n.
(2)>1的基数词:two books
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of +复数n.
(3)one of (+ the +adj.最高级)+复数n.
(4)固定搭配:have problems doing sth.; make mistakes in...; make plans to do sth.
(5)结合上下文语境
The ________(student) in the school have to do morning exercises
students
可数名词单数变复数的规则
(1)一般情况直接+s;cat---cats bag---bags
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾+es;class---classes box---boxes watch---watches
brush---brushes
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,+es;baby---babies city---cities
(4)黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿,+es;
(Negro---Negroes) hero----heroes potato----potatoes tomato----tomatoes
(5)“小偷和妻子为了自己活命,拿了一把刀,站在架子上,把一匹狼和树叶劈成了两半”变f/fe为v,+es;
thief-thieves wife-wives self-selves life-lives
knife- knives shelf-shelves wolf-wolves leaf-leaves half-halves
围巾两者皆可 scarf-scarfs/scarves
注意:特殊词类
(1) 有些词本身就是复数名词 people(人们) police(警察)
脚 foot---feet
牙齿 tooth---teeth
人;男人 man---men
Englishman---Englishmen 英国人 Frenchman---Frenchmen 法国人 fisherman---fishermen 渔民 postman---postmen 邮递员
fireman---firemen 消防员 gentleman---gentlemen 绅士
女人 woman---women
老鼠 mouse---mice
孩子 child---children
胃 stomach---stomachs
鹿 deer---deer
鱼 fish---fish(条数) fish---fishes(种类)
绵羊 sheep---sheep
中国人 Chinese---Chinese
日本人 Japanese---Japanese
家人 family---family family---families(家庭)
a person a policeman/policewoman
(2)(初中)不规则单数名词变复数名词
人类:human----humans/human beings
people作可数名词,意为“民族”
(3)某国人变复数:中日不变英法变,其余s往后加。
中国人 a Chinese---Chinese
英国人 an Englishman----Englishmen
德国人 a German---Germans
2. 不可数名词
(液体类/肉类/抽象类/数不清类/学科类/自然气象类)
注:不可数名词无