内容正文:
重难题型突破
第二节 常规题型
题型一 完形填空
考情概览
2023年 2022年 2021年 2020年 2019年
文 体 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 记叙文 记叙文
话 题 生活故事 寓言故事 风俗习惯 生活故事 人物故事
设 空 15空 15空 15空 15空 15空
段落及词数 4段,302词 5段,360词 9段,338词 3段,294词 9段,302词
2023年 2022年 2021年 2020年 2019年
考 点 名词词义辨析 5 5 5 4 5
动词词义辨析 5 3 4 5 5
形容词词义辨析 3 2 2 2 1
副词词义辨析 / 1 3 2 /
代词词义辨析 / 1 1 1 1
连词词义辨析 / 1 / 1 2
考 点 短语辨析 1 2 / / 1
介词词义辨析 / / / / /
动词时态 / / / / /
从句引导词辨析 1 1 / / /
固定搭配/句式 / / / / /
其 他 / / / / /
考情分析
分析盐城近五年中考真题可以看出,完形填空的命题具有以下特点:
1. 文体及话题: 文体以记叙文为主,话题涉及人物故事、生活故事、日常生活等。
2. 设空及选项特点:近5年均为15空,选项基本都是单词。
3. 段落:3~9段,词数:250~350,生词数一般不超过4个,均在文中给出中文注释。
4. 考查特点:考查上下文语境及词义辨析较多。考点分布均衡,以考查名词、动词、形容词辨析为主(每年1~5题),副词、连词、代词、短语辨析等为辅。
方法点津
第一步:着眼大局,速读全文。快速浏览全文,从语篇整体上了解文章的主题、文体特点,找出作者的观点、态度、思路,结合段首句、段尾句和含有连贯意义的词语,找到文章句与句以及段与段之间的逻辑关系。
第二步:逐句通读全文,各个击破,做到通读与猜测并行。对含义明显的词汇、固定搭配或习惯用法、常用句式等纯知识性问题,可以边读边猜测答案。
第三步:检查核实,通读选定答案后的全文。从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查:
1. 所选的单词或短语是否符合本句句意,是否使上下文连贯通顺,是否与全文意思一致。
2. 所选的单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配。
3. 所选的单词或短语是否符合句型、时态、语态的要求。
4. 所选词本身或附近词有无特殊要求,如有些动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定式等。
典例展示
(2023·盐城)It was New Year’s Eve. A couple were decorating their room when the man said to his wife, “I’m glad this year will finish in a few 1 . What a terrible year we’ve had!”
His wife asked him, “Why? I don’t understand!” The man was very 2 and replied, “You don’t understand? Think about what has happened this year. First of all, I had a(n) 3 to remove my kidney(肾脏). Remember? Last month, I turned 65 and I was told to 4 my job to make room for someone younger. Huh! What am I going to do now? And you surely haven’t forgotten the 5 , which made our son stay in hospital for three weeks. And that meant he 6 take his exams to get into medical school. And we had to buy a new car. 7 year!”
His wife didn’t say much. She 8 the room. A few minutes later, she came in and said, “OK, I heard what you said. But this is 9 I see things. Your kidney had been 10 you for years and you won’t have that pain ever again. Now t