内容正文:
There be 句型
There be句型表“存在”,是小学、初中英语学习中的重要内容,表示“某地/某时有某物/某人”。
基本结构:There be +某物/某人 +某地/某时.
与have的区别:
如果表达某人/某物有什么,要用have/has,主语一般是人,也可以是物,强调所属关系,表“拥有”。
主谓一致:be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。单数is,复数are
There is a table in the room.
房间里有一张桌子。
There are some birds in the tree.
树上有很多鸟。
就近原则:当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与它最近的那个名词在“人称、数”上一致。
There is a girl and two boys under the tree.
树下有一个女孩,两个男孩。
There are two boys and a girl under the tree.
树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。
特别注意:如果主语是复数名词,却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时,则仍用单数be形式。
There is five hundred dollars to pay.
要付五百美元。
There is still another 20 miles to drive.
还有20英里的车程。
There is duck and green vegetables for supper.
晚餐有鸭子和绿色蔬菜。
There be句型基本结构
“There be +某物/某人+某地/某时”,此结构表示“某地/某时有某物/某人”。
句中的there是引导词,没有词义;
be是句子的谓语动词;“某物/某人”是句子的主语;因此这个句式其实是一个倒装句。(即:谓语或者谓语的一部分提到主语前面的句式。)
I am a student. (普通语序的句子)
我是一个学生。
There is a student in the classroom. (There be句型)
教室里有一个学生。
1)There is+a/an+单数可数名词+地点状语/时间状语.
There is a ruler on the desk. (on the desk是地点状语)
书桌上有一把尺。
There's a meeting today.(today是时间状语)
今天有个会议。
2)There are+复数可数名词+地点状语/时间状语.
There are some apples on the tree.
树上有一些苹果。
3)There is+不可数名词+地点状语/时间状语.
There is some water in the bottle. (水是不可数名词,即使有some,be动词也是单数。)
瓶子里有一些水。
There be否定句
There be句型的否定:在be后面加not或no即可。
1)在口语中经常用缩略形式:there isn't;there aren't
There isn't a ruler on the table.
桌子上没有尺子。
2)这里not是副词,而no为形容词,not a/an/any+n. = no+n.
There aren't any apples on the tree.
=There are no apples on the tree.
树上没有苹果。
3)肯定句改否定句,句中如果出现some改成any,出现something改成anything(改一般疑问句也一样)
There is something new in today's newspaper.(改否定句)
→There isn't anything new in today's newspaper.
今天的报纸上没有什么新鲜事。
There be一般疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句:把be动词调整到句首,句尾加上问号即可。
1)肯定句改一般疑问句:
当肯定句中有some改成any,有something改成anything。
There are some apples on the tree.(改一般疑问句句)
→Are there any apples on the tree?
树上有苹果吗?
There is something new in today's newspaper.
→Is there anything new in today's newspaper?
今天的报纸上有什么新消息吗?
2)there be句型的回答:
肯定回答:Yes, there is/are.
否定回答:No, there isn't/aren't.
There be特殊疑问句