2024年中考英语语法专题 -- 语态

中考语法复习： 谓语动词语态 被动语态 一、语态 主动语态：表示主语是谓语动词的动作执行者。 被动语态：表示主语是谓语动词的动作承受者。 二、被动语态 1、构成：be + v.过去分词 （助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化） Eg：He was hit by a car yesterday. Football is enjoyed by people in the world. 2、各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构（以动词do为例） 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/ does am/ are/ is done 一般过去时 did was/ were done 一般将来时 will/ be going to do will/ be going to be done 现在完成时 have/ has done have/ has been done 含情态动词 can/ should/ must/ may do can/ should/ must/ may be done 3、用法 ① 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Eg：The car is made in China. ② 需要强调或突出动作的执行者。 Eg：Chinese is spoken by the most people in the world. ③ 句子的主语是动作的承受者。 Eg: The book is written by Luxun. 【真题链接】： Tree ______ every year to make our city greener. A. plant B. are planted C. were planted D. will be planted 三、主动语态与被动语态的转换 1、主动语态变为被动语态 ① 要将主句中的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语时人称代词，要讲宾格变成主格 ② 把主动句中的主语变为被冻结中的宾语，主格变成宾格，并由by引导 ③ 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式 Eg：We asked him to sing an English song. He was asked to sing an English song by us. 2、带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 Eg：She gave me a book. I was given a book. （间接宾语me转变为主语） A book was given to me by her. （直接宾语a book转变为主语） 口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。 3、动词短语变为被动语态 不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。 Eg：We should speak to the old man politely. The old man should be spoken to politely by us. (其中，to不可省略) 4、带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成的复合宾语，变被动语态时，只需把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留的原处，成为主语补足语。 Eg：I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 5、被动语态后动词形式的选择 主动句中在感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等以及使役动词let，make，have等后面跟省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，to需还原。 Eg：He makes the girl stay at home. The girl was made to stay at home. 【真题链接】： In the old days, they ______ in the factory from morning to evening. A. were made to work B. asked to work C. made to work D. were asked for work 四、“It is said that + 从句”及其他类型句型 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词，如：believe, report, expect,