Unit1 Grammar句子成分和句子结构讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

句子成分与句子结构 Sentence elements and sentence structures 一、句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分，包括：主语subject、谓语verb、表语predicative、宾语object、定语attributive、状语adverbial、补语complement、同位语apposition及插入语parenthesis。 1、主语subject：是句子所表述的主体，说明句子讲的是“谁”或“什么”，除倒装句外，主语一般位于谓语动词之前，放在句首，通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 (1)The sun was just setting. (2)Nobody can help you except yourself. (3)Three will be enough for us. (4)To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge. (5)Eating too much is bad for your health. (6)What parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (7)It is difficult to remember English words. (8)It is no use learning without thinking. (9)It is a pity that you didn’t come to the party. 2、谓语verb：论述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，位于主语的后面，由动词或动词短语充当，有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。分为简单谓语和复合谓语。 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语。 复合谓语：由“情态动词/其他助动词+动词”或“系动词+表语”构成的谓语。 (1)The car parks operate a pay-as-you-leave system. (2)Far water does not put out near fire. (3)Without grammar very little can be conveyed; Without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. (4)She went blind at the age of ten. 注意： 谓语与主语在人称和数方面要保持一致,即主谓一致。 She has served the family faithfully for thirty years. 3、 表语predicative：表语与前面的系动词一起构复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等。充当表语的可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、副词、不定式、动名词、从句等。 be动词: is, am, are, was, were 系动词 感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel 状态系动词：表示状态的维持 keep, hold, stay, remain 表示状态的改变 become, get, turn, grow, go, come, fall (1)Linda turned doctor like her mother after school. (2)Money isn’t everything we must get. (3)He was the second to enter the meeting hall. (4)The teacher’s words remain fresh in my mind. (5)The machine is out of order. (6)The water is off. (7)My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter. (8)My cat’s favorite activity is sleeping. (9)The cause of the fire was that somebody carelessly threw away a cigarette end. 4、宾语object：是动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词之后，我们通常叫它们动宾或介宾。由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动名词、不定式、从句等充当。分为单宾语、双宾语和复合宾语。 单宾语：指及物动词或介词后只有一个宾语。 双宾语：包括直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语表示动