【高一培优】04：阅读之说明文+被动语态（教师版+学生版）上海市名校培优高一英语特训精品课程

上海高中名校优等生英语强化训练内部讲义（高一培优） 第四讲 阅读之说明文+被动语态 专题微练 语法精选 能力提升练 实战综合练 阅读之说明文 [方法1]　细节理解题 说明文通常突出介绍事件的过程、步骤和方法，同时通过具体的事例、数字、定义或图表等加以说明，所以该文体中的细节理解题常常和这些过程、步骤、方法、事例、数字、定义、图表等相关。解题时一定要准确地理解这些事实细节，进而做好相关的细节理解题。 【典例】　 When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly.Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.It's a plant's way of crying out.But is anyone listening？Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbors react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive, the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other？Scientists don't know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry.So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.There's a whole lot going on. [语篇解读]：植物受到攻击时会自卫吗？它们受到攻击时，一旁其他植物会伸出援手吗？植物也会彼此交谈吗？或许这篇文章会为你解开这些疑惑，让你对植物世界有一个全新认识。 What does a plant do when it is