专题10 语法填空之独立主格结构知识点重点讲解+专项训练-2024届高三英语二轮复习

高考英语语法讲练—独立主格结构 “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。 结构 1) Weather permitting，they will visit the zoo tomorrow. （名词+现在分词） 2) The walls painted white，we all like them better. （名词+过去分词） 3) He lay on his back，his teeth set，and his eyes looking straight upward. （名词+过去分词/现在分词） 4) We’d better first reach an agreement on the principle，more details to be discussed later. （名词+不定式） 5) The largest group of subordinate tombs found in Luoyang,Henan province ，all of them over 2000 years old. （名词+副词） 6) She ran out of the room，eyes full of tears. （名词 + 形容词） 7)After killing the guard，he ran away，rifle in hand. （名词+介词短语） 介词是in，前后名词均不带任何修饰 作用 在句子中多作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随行为或补充说明等。如： 1) Weather permitting，they will visit the zoo tomorrow. （条件） 2) The meeting over，everyone went out of the room. （时间） 3) So many comrades being absent，the meeting had to be put off. （原因） 4) She being careful enough，such mistakes are made now and then. （让步） 5) Our teacher entered the room，a book under his arm. （伴随） 6) He was swimming in the pool，his father standing by the pool. （补充说明） 转换 同分词短语作状语一样，独立主格结构作状语也可以改为相应的状语从句（伴随状语有时可改为并列谓语）。 The job done，we went home. =After the job had been done，we went home. [时间] So many comrades being absent，the meeting had to be put off. =Because so many comrades were absent，the meeting had to be put off. [原因] Weather permitting，we’ll visit the zoo tomorrow. =If weather permits，we’ll visit the zoo tomorrow. [条件] She being careful enough， such mistakes are made now and then. =However careful enough she is， such mistakes are made now and then. [让步] Our teacher entered the room，a book under his arm. =Our teacher entered the room and had a book under his arm. [伴随] He was swimming in the pool，his father standing by the pool. =He was swimming in the pool，while his father was standing by the pool. [补充说明] 分词的区别 1、表示人体部位的词，如hand，foot，face，eyes等作逻辑主语时，及物动词用过去分词，不及物动词用现在分词。如： His teeth set; his right hand clenched; his eyes looking; his ey