内容正文:
第二册 Unit 1 Lights, camera, action
课时练二 Grammar 主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。主谓一致主要遵循四个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和, 就近一致原则和就前原则。
一、语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。
(1)不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
The student studies very hard.这个学生学习非常努力。
(2)单个的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
Staring at someone is impolite.盯着人看是不礼貌的。
[学法点拨]
①由连词and或both..and...连接的主语后面,谓语动词用复数形式。
What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program.
②当what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数形式.
What we badly need are good teachers.
(3) each,all,both用作同位语时,谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致
We each have an English-Chinese dictionary.
(4)不定代词each, either, neither等及由some-,any-, no-, every-构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Believe it or not, everyone here has a gift for music.
(5)由each... and (each) ....,every... and (every) ..,no... and (no) ..连接的两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Each teacher and (each) student was given a ticket.
No sound and (no) voice is heard.
(6)“many a /more than one +可数名词单数”作主语时,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Many a student was on the spot when the accident happened。事故发生时,许多学生在现场。
(7) “one of+ 可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
One of the students in our class is a Canadian.
在"one of+可数名词复数+定语从句”结构中,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。当one前面出现the only, the very等修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
He is one of the students who have a gift for music.
He is the only one of the students who has a gift for music.
(9)一些形式为复数但表达单数意义的名词如trousers, pants, shoes, glasses, scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。但当这类名词前有pair修饰时,要根据pair的单复数来确定谓语动词的单数或复数形式。
Her glasses are new.她的眼镜是新的。
This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor. 这把剪刀是这个裁缝的
(10)在倒装句中,谓语动词与其后的主语保持一致。
Between the two buildings is a monument.
二、意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语在形式上并非复数,但有复数意义,谓语动词便用复数形式;反之,主语在形式上是复数,而在意义上可视为单数,则谓语动词用单数形式。
(1)集体名词作主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调其成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
常见的集体名词有audience,class,club, committee (委员会),crowd, family, group, team等。
My family is a big one.我家是一个大家庭。(强调整体性)。
My family are