内容正文:
unit4语法--情态动词Modal Verb
情态V
中文
用法
否定
疑问式与回答
can
能够,会;可以;可能会
能力;许可、建议或请求;
可能性(推测
can't, can not, cannot
Can...do...?
--Yes, ...can./
No, ... can't.
could
couldn't,
could not
may
可以;可能,也许;祝愿
许可、建议或请求;
可能性很小(推测;
祝愿
may not
May / Might ...do..?
--Yes, ... may./
No, ... can't./ No, ... mustn't.
might
might not
must
必须;一定,肯定;偏要,非得
必须;肯定的推测;
表说话人生气或不满的情绪
mustn't“禁止,不准”
Must...do...?
-Yes, ... must./
-No, ... needn't./No, ... don't have to.
have to
不得不,必须
有时态、人称和数的变化
即has to, had to
needn't/don't have to“不必”
Do...have to...?
--Yes,...do./No, ...don't.
should
应该;竟然;万一,假如
职责、义务或建议;
可能性(推测;
责备、失望、愤怒、惊讶;万一,假如
shouldn't,
should not
should...do...?
-Yes, ... should./
-No, ... shouldn't
ought to
应该
职责、义务或建议;
可能性(推测
oughtn't to do
ought not to do
Ought...to do...?
-Yes, ... ought./
-No, ... oughtn't
shall
会,要,将;必须
第1、 第三人称征求对方意见;
第二、第三人称表示命令、警告、允诺、威胁、义务或规定
shan't,
shall not
Shall...do...?
-Yes, ... shall./
-No, ... shan't
will
会,要,将;请;总是,习惯
意志、决心
请求、建议
习惯
won't
will not
Will...do...?
-Yes, ... will./
-No, ... won't
would
wouldn't
would not
need
必要,需要
可作情态动词,也可作实义动词
needn't,
need not
Need..do...?
-Yes, ... must./
-No, ... needn't
dare
敢
可作情态动词,也可作实义动词
daren't,
dare not
Dare...do...?
-Yes, ... dare./
-No, ...daren't
语法精析
一.概念引入
1)情态动词,表示人的情感和态度的动词。如:需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等。
例如:I must go now. 我现在必须得走了。
2)情态动词一般没有人称和数(特殊情况:have to)的变化,但是个别情态动词有时态的变化。
例如:can的过去式是could。
3)情态动词不能单独作谓语,后接动词原形共同做谓语。
例如:I can swim. 我会游泳。
4)常见的情态动词有:can(could),may(might),must,need,shall(should),will(would),dare等。
5)情态动词一般不止一个意思,它的否定式是在情态动词的后面加not,一般疑问句是将情态动词提到句首。
例如:I can't speak French. 我不会说法语。
Can you speak English?你会说英语吗?
二.基本用法
1.can与could的用法 (“能够,会;可以;可能会”)
(1)表能力: “能够,会”(could 是can 的过去式)。
My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet,but she couldn't last year.
我奶奶会网购了,但是去年她还不会。
(2)表许可、建议或请求:“可以”。(could更委婉,回答时只能用can)。
如:—Can/Could I go now? —Yes,you can.
——我现在可以走了吗? ——是的,可以。
(3)表可能性(推测):多用在疑问句或否定句中