内容正文:
专题01 名词
中考语法冲刺
1、 复习目标
1. 掌握名词的含义以及分类,可数名词与不可数名词的辨析
2. 掌握名词单复数变化规则,以及特殊变化
3. 掌握名词所有格
4. 掌握不可数名词的计量
二、语法详解
1.1 名词的含义和分类
1.1.1 名词的含义
名词是用来表示人名、事物名称、时间、地点和抽象概念的词。
1.1.2 名词的分类
1.专有名词
(1) 人名: Michael , Jane
(2) 洲名、国名、地名、山河名: China , the Yellow River
(3) 组织机构: the People’s bank of China
(4) 月份、星期、节日: January ,Mother’s Day
(5) 书名、报刊名: Harry Potter
2.普通名词
(1) 个体名词:teacher ,city,box
(2) 集体名词: family. police, government
(3) 物质名词:无法分为个体的物质或实物的名词。 air, water
(4) 抽象名词:指状态、品质 love, peace, wealth
1.2 可数名词
1.2.1 可数名词单数
可数名词的单数一般在名词前加冠词a/an或基数词one来表达。
(1) a用在辅音读音开头的名词前,如: a desk a pen
(2) an用在元音读音开头的名词前,如:an orange, an English boy
注意:有些单词虽以元音字母开头,但是以辅音发音开头,故用冠词a,如:a university,a useful book
1.2.2 可数名词单复数变化规则
1.2.3 可数名词单复数不规则变化
练习:
1.The three _upstairs are too small to have enough for a double bed.
1
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A.room,room
B.room,rooms
C.rooms,room
D.rooms,rooms
2.-What a good you've given me! Thanks a lot.
-My pleasure.
A.information
B.suggestion
C.news
D.advice
3.Is there any (possible)that we will see you this Friday.
4.There are many (different)between the twins. One is shy,but the other is outgoing.
5.Edison is one of the greatest (发明家)in the world.
1.3 不可数名词
1.3.1 不可数名词的计量
表示方法:不可数名词需要计量时,“数词或冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后的名词只用原形。如:—瓶酒:a bottle of wine, —杯水:a glass of water,五碗米饭:five bowls of rice。
练习:
1.Many foreigners came to our school last week,including three and four .
A.German, American
C.Germans,Americans
B.Germans,American
D.German,Americans
2.Many foreigners,including (Australia),have visited Expo 2019,Beijing(北京世园会).
1.4 复合名词的复数
1.中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词的复数形式是将后面的一个名词变成复数。
housewife— housewives bookshelf— bookshelves
2.中间有连字符或间隔的复合名词的复数形式是将其中的中心词变成复数。
passer-by— passers-by (路人)looker-on— lookers-on (旁观者)
练习:
1.—What useful they are!
—Yes.There is so much important in today's newspaper.
A.news;information
B.messages;information
C.messages;message
D.in