UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ GRAMMAR(2)-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅱ　GRAMMAR(2) 　 UNIT 2　SUCCESS 语 法 探 究 课 时 精 练 内 容 索 引 语　法　探　究 索引 新知导学 冠词 教材示例 分析下列加黑部分，并体会它们的语法功能 1．As one of the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties，ruin family holidays and skip nights out, but there is a very good reason for giving up so much. 2．These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day-to-day basis. 3．Being a professional athlete is no different. If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors. 4.But if your dream is to be the best and reach the winner's platform，you had better be totally committed to your sport. 我的发现 冠词用于表示类别，不定冠词表示______；元音音素前用____，如句③，辅音音素前用___，如句①和句③；定冠词表示______，如句①、句②和句④；不可数名词前或固定搭配中用________。 泛指 an a 特指 零冠词 语法精讲 知识点一　不定冠词的用法 (一)不定冠词的用法 1．表示类指或指某类中的任何一个。 A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. 病毒是一种引发疾病的微生物。 2．表示泛指。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词，因此由不定冠词构成的名词短语，往往带有不确定的含义，相当于a certain。 The story happened in a small town in Victoria. 这个故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。 3．表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。 I watch TV for two or three hours a day. 我一天要看两三个小时的电视。 4．表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。 Prices start at ￡13.95 a yard for printed cotton. 印花棉布以每码13.95英镑的价格起售。 5．表示“同一，相同”，相当于the same。 They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color. 他们碰巧同龄而且穿着同样颜色的衣服。 巧学活用1 单句语法填空 ①While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is ___ must to visit! ②The data from this extreme weather station is enabling scientists to directly keep ___ close eye on the jet stream and understand how Himalayan climate is changing. ③For many people, this way of life is ___ means to relieve the stress of busy life. ④Forbes uses ____ AI robot called Bertie to assist in providing reporters with first drafts for news stories. ⑤World Environment Day is ____ annual event that is aimed at being the biggest and most widely celebrated global day for positive environmental actions. a a a an an 知识点二　定冠词的用法 1．表示特指的人或物或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物。 Do you know the man standing at the gate of the door? 你认识站在门口的那个人吗？ I went to a university in New Zealand. The university was set up in the early twentieth century. 我在新西兰的一所大学学习。这所大学是二十世纪初建立的。 2．用在世界上独一无二的名词前。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 3．用于序数词、形容词的最高级前。 Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao? 这是你第一次游览青岛吗？ China is one of the richest countries in natural resources in the world. 在自然资源方面，中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。 4．用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。 the wounded伤员 the rich 富人 The Greens are on holiday now. 格林一家(夫妇)现在正在度假。 5．用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。 in the 1990s　　　　　在20世纪90年代 6．用在表示单位的名词前。 I hired the car by the hour. 我按小时租车。 7．用在表示身体部位的名词前，表示“打、抓住某人身体的某个部位”。 The police caught the thief by the arm. 警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。 8．与形容词或副词的比较级连用，一般用于以下两种情况： (1)用在“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中，表示“越……，就 越……”之意。 The more we do for the people, the happier we'll be. 我们为人民做得越多，就越幸福。 (2)用在“the＋比较级＋of the two”结构中，表示“两个中较……的一个”。 She is the taller of the two girls. 她是两个女孩子中个子较高的那一个。 巧学活用2 单句语法填空 ①If you are not satisfied with _____ life you are living，don't complain. ②The plum trees are _____ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化)． ③Being _____ world's most popular online battle game, it already has over 200 million players in China. ④Flowing through the centre of Guangzhou，the Pearl River plays an important role in the life of _____ city. the the the the 知识点三　零冠词的用法 1．专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加 冠词。 He is living in Canada now. 他现在住在加拿大。 2．季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。 We usually have breakfast at 7 o'clock. 我们通常7点吃早饭。 3．在学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前一般不用冠词。 I'm interested in English. 我对英语感兴趣。 He is fond of playing chess. 他喜欢下国际象棋。 4．表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或宾语补足语时，其前通常不用冠词。 Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us，“A fifth of students here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge.” 这所学校的校长彼得•斯彭思博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。” 5．与by连用的表示交通工具、通信工程的名词前不用冠词。 Are you going there by plane or by ship? 你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？ 6.系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语时其前不用冠词。 His brother has turned writer. 他弟弟已成为一名作家。 7．“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语”意为“尽管……但是……”。 Hero as/though he is, he has some shortcomings. 尽管他是个英雄，但是他也有一些缺点。 8．在“名词＋介词短语”的独立主格结构中，名词前不用冠词。 The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师手里拿着一本书走了进来。 巧学活用3 补全句子 ①He _______________________ (没有吃早饭) this morning. ②Mr Peterson, ___________________________(高中校长), made a speech at the opening ceremony of the competition. ③___________________(尽管还是个孩子)，he speaks English fluently. ④She _____________________________ (故意给错误答案) when asked a question in class. had nothing for breakfast headmaster of the high school Child as/though he is gave a wrong answer on purpose 知识点四　冠词的活用 1．用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体化。这样的物质名词有：rain, snow, fog, wind, drink, coffee, beer, fire, paper等；抽象名词有：success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, wonder, comfort, danger, shock等。 He suddenly appeared on a rainy night, which was a great surprise to us. 他在一个雨夜突然出现，这使我们非常吃惊。 After preparing all the equipment for an outdoor shoot, suddenly a heavy rain came. 为户外拍摄准备好一切设备后，天突然下起了大雨。 2．不定冠词用于序数词前，强调“再一，又一”。 Live a good, honorable life. Then when you get older and think back, you'll get to enjoy it a second time. 过一种优质而高尚的生活。那样，当你逐渐老去，回首往事时，你会再次享受到生活的乐趣。 3．有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节等名词前用不定冠词。 I'm sure this outing will last long, so bring a packed lunch. 我敢肯定这次郊游会持续很长时间，所以请带上自备的午餐。 4．表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有修饰语时，用不定冠词。 a peaceful world　　　　 一个和平的世界 a bright moon 一轮明月 体系建构 维度一　单句语法填空 1．In _____ 1940s, a young inventor named Chester Carlson took his idea to 20 corporations, including some of the biggest ones in the country. 2．He smiled back as if to give me a receipt and I would preserve his smile for ___ long time. 3．When I arrived half an hour before opening on the first day of the sale, there was already ___ queue around three sides of the building. 4.Today, Carrier Corporation is _____ biggest air conditioner manufacturer and marketing corporation in the world in central air conditioning. 随堂演练 the a a the 5．As well as doing some mountain climbing along _____ way, Nigel hopes to pass the environmental message on to the people he meets. 6．I have the right situation as I am living in ___ big city with many, many people. 7．My brother is good at playing basketball as well as _____ piano. 8．In order to find a better job, he decided to study ___ second foreign language. 9．The Chinese diet is considered to be _____ healthiest in the world. 10．I came across ____ old friend of mine in the supermarket. the a the a the an 维度二　语法与写作 1．这所校园非常漂亮，是一个学习的好地方。 The campus is very beautiful，___________________________． 2．只要你坚持你的学习计划，你肯定能取得很大的进步。 As long as you stick to your plans for your study, ____________________ ______________． 3．上周二，我们班进行了一次关于如何保护环境的讨论。 Last Tuesday, our class ___________________________________________． 4．英语现在是一门国际语言，它被用于许多方面。 ___________________________________. It is used in many aspects. 5．我们的学校在山脚下，靠近一条美丽的小河。 Our school is ______________________________________________． which is a good place to study you are sure to make great progress held a discussion on how to protect our environment English is now an international language at the bottom of a mountain close to a beautiful river 维度三　在短文的空格处填入合适的冠词 Yesterday I went to see 1. ___ film with my best friend. We set off at 1: 30 in 2. _____ afternoon and planned to arrive at 3. _____ cinema before 2: 30 so that we could watch 4. _____ 3：15 show. The traffic was terrible. What made it even worse was that our bus broke down on the way. We stopped 5. ___ taxi and rushed to the cinema. The film started 6. _____ moment we sat down in 7. _____ cinema. It was 8. ____ exciting film and we had 9. ___ great time. a a a the the the the the an 索引 课　时　精　练 索引 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023•山东省菏泽市高二上阶段性检测) Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Dozens of women have won the Nobel Prize in science, one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists. In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils(化石)in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years. When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons (骨架)of several animals that no longer existed on earth. She didn't become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family. In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time that became famous as a scientist. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了以Mary Anning和Marie Curie为代表的女性科学家的故事。 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.”可知，在作者看来，女性成为成功的科学家是很难的。故选A项。 1．What does the author think of women scientists according to Paragraph 1? A．They go through difficulties to be successful. B．They cannot get the highest honors in the world. C．They had better pay more attention to their families. D．They have more opportunities to become successful. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She didn't become famous...to get money to support her family.”可知，她当时并没有因为发现化石而出名是因为她经常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选D项。 2．Why did Mary fail to be famous for her discoveries of fossils? A．She didn't want to be known to anyone. B．They weren't worth studying. C．Nobody recognized them. D．She sold them for money. √ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They received the Nobel Prize in...this time in Chemistry.”可知，她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选B项。 3．What can we know about Marie Curie? A．She finished her college education in Poland. B．She was the first woman to win two Nobel Prizes. C．She won the first Nobel Prize before getting married. D．She and her husband won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. √ 主旨大意题。根据文章结构为总分结构，第一段提及了本文的中心话题：“Women have been making scientific...to be successful scientists.”可知，文章的话题为“女性科学家”，并在后文讲述了Mary Anning和Marie Curie的成功故事。选项B合理概括了文章中心主旨。故选B项。 4．What's the text mainly about? A．Ancient discoveries of scientists. B．Some stories of women scientists. C．Successful marriages of women scientists. D．Some women scientists winning the Nobel Prize. √ B (2023•辽宁省葫芦岛市高二上期中) The fish eggs, all 200 of them, were settled and ready to go. The ground crew had counted the eggs carefully, and sealed them tightly within a plate filled precisely to the edge with seawater. The countdown, and then—ignition (点火)! For two full minutes, the precious eggs suffered a violent shaking as the rocket's engines exploded to life, and then rise to the heavens. These eggs were on their way to low Earth orbit. Next stop: the moon. Well, they haven't actually left yet. But after a recent simulation (模拟) designed to re-create the intense shaking of a typical takeoff, researchers in France found that the eggs survived. It's a crucial discovery in the progress of the Lunar Hatch, a program that aims to determine whether astronauts could successfully raise fish on a future moon base. Finally, Cyrille Przybyla, an aquaculture (水产养殖) researcher at the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea who led the research, dreams of designing a lunar fish farm that uses water already on the moon to help feed residents of the future Moon Village set to be established by the European Space Agency (ESA)． Przybyla's hope is to offer lunar residents fresh, inviting, protein-rich fish—not just packets of freeze-dried food. “I proposed the idea to send eggs, not fish, because eggs are very strong，” he says. Besides, Przybyla suggests there will be other benefits for astronauts who may one day find themselves raising animals in space. “From the psychological point of view, it's better to have a reminder of Earth－you have a garden; you have a tank with fish，” he says. Designing self-contained and self-supporting systems for food production beyond Earth will be crucial for future space exploration programs, says Luke Roberson, a researcher at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. And he says Przybyla's study is “a great first step” toward showing that aquaculture is a practical part of that future. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是太空养鱼计划。 段落大意题。根据第二段可知，第二段介绍的是一次送鱼卵到太空的实验。故选B。 5．What is Paragraph 2 writing about? A．An experience.　　　　 B. An experiment. C．An imagination. D. An adventure. √ 推理判断题。根据第三段“It's a crucial discovery...fish on a future moon base.”可知，研究人员想把这些鱼卵送到月球上，看看在月球上养鱼的可能性。故选D。 6．Why do the researchers want to send the eggs to the moon? A．To offer eggs to astronauts as food. B．To test whether the eggs are strong. C．To promote aquaculture on the moon. D．To see the possibility of raising fish on the moon. √ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘From the psychological point of view, it's better to have a reminder of Earth－you have a garden; you have a tank with fish，’ he says.”可知，在太空中饲养动物的心理优势在于，它能帮助宇航员记住地球。故选D。 7．What's the psychological advantage of raising animals in space? A．It can get rid of loneliness. B．It diversifies the space food. C．It gives astronauts something to do. D．It helps astronauts remember the Earth. √ 标题归纳题。根据第三段“It's a crucial discovery...raise fish on a future moon base.”以及后文讲到在太空养鱼的好处及意义。可知文章主要讲解的是太空养鱼计划。故选C。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．How to Send Eggs to The Moon B．A Great First Step towards Future C．The Plan to Raise Fish on The Moon D．A Practical Approach to Aquaculture √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2023•浙江省台州市高二上期中) As a parent, you want your kids to do their best in school. You already know plenty of sleep, healthy food and some school supplies are necessary. However, what else do children need to be successful without a professional homework helper? 1 Keep it ordered. 2 Hence, have your kids keep ahead of their homework with an organized system. For example, they could use a scheduling application like Asana or Trello to manage projects with arranged dates, or they might stick to an old-fashioned pen and a paper planner. See what works best for them and go from there. Break projects down. Many children get stressed out when they have big assignments due. 3 Often people get frightened by the difficulty of tasks without understanding that the large task is actually just made up of smaller ones. Another solution is to use a project proposal to help keep them on track with homework and projects. Avoid delaying tasks. One mistake students usually make is postponing unpleasant work and deliberately looking for distraction. Teach your children that the workload isn't going to get smaller if they wait longer. 4 5 There are a growing number of online references and homework resources. Not only will your children be better prepared for class the next day, but they'll also learn a valuable lesson about how to research and find information online. From them you can also find ideas for educational activities that you can do with your children. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助孩子成功的建议和方法。 A．Get help online. B．Focus on homework. C．Online applications are becoming more and more popular. D．Here are some tips from educators and professionals for helping your children with it — both at home and school campus. E．Organization is the key to success, because it can maximize efficiency. F．Teach them to break larger projects into smaller pieces. G．Instead, it will only become larger and seem more difficult to get started. 解析：上文提出了孩子们需要什么才能成功的问题，结合后文主要给出了建议，故D选项“这里有一些来自教育工作者和专业人士的建议，可以帮助你的孩子在家里和学校校园里解决这个问题”符合语境，故选D。 As a parent, you want your kids to do their best in school. You already know plenty of sleep, healthy food and some school supplies are necessary. However, what else do children need to be successful without a professional homework helper? 1 D 解析：后文提到了有组织的系统提前完成作业，可知本句是在强调有组织的重要性。故选E。 Keep it ordered. 2 Hence, have your kids keep ahead of their homework with an organized system. For example, they could use a scheduling application like Asana or Trello to manage projects with arranged dates, or they might stick to an old-fashioned pen and a paper planner. See what works best for them and go from there. E 解析：根据上文“Many children get stressed out when they have big assignments due.”以及后文提到的大任务其实是由小任务组成的，可知本句是在说明可以把大项目分化成小项目。故选F。 Break projects down. Many children get stressed out when they have big assignments due. 3 Often people get frightened by the difficulty of tasks without understanding that the large task is actually just made up of smaller ones. Another solution is to use a project proposal to help keep them on track with homework and projects. F 解析：根据上文可知，上文提到等待的时间更长，工作量不会减少，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明：相反，它只会变得更大，似乎更难开始。G选项中it指代上文the workload。故选G。 Avoid delaying tasks. One mistake students usually make is postponing unpleasant work and deliberately looking for distraction. Teach your children that the workload isn't going to get smaller if they wait longer. 4 G 解析：根据本段内容可知，本段的主旨是在网上寻找参考资料和帮助。故选A。 5 There are a growing number of online references and homework resources. Not only will your children be better prepared for class the next day, but they'll also learn a valuable lesson about how to research and find information online. From them you can also find ideas for educational activities that you can do with your children. A Ⅲ.完形填空 Martin Folsom was well-known in his school this summer. However, he had a 1 start in life. Living on and off the streets for much of his youth, Martin experienced years of 2 . Yet，he didn't stop his footsteps. This summer, Martin 3 high school in Florida with a high score, which made him 4 stand out of his class and enabled him to make a(n) 5 at the graduation ceremony. Martin and his mother had nowhere to live after his father deserted them. As a result, they had to 6 a lot. More than two years, they lived in a number of 7 across five different states. But throughout these 8 years, Martin remained determined and never 9 his goals. He never missed school and was the highest-ranking student in 2020. Martin also experienced life in and out of the classroom. He was the president of several programs and 10 the class monitor in the last four years. “He's such a special guy and 11 leader，”Principal Cathy Bares told the reporter.“He has a big heart for his classmates, 12 them that they're a promising generation.” 13 Martin's efforts and excellence, he has been admitted to Valdosta State University in Georgia with a full scholarship. Martin's 14 to students is to make goals early and work hard towards them. He said，“You never know whether you'll make it, or what you can end up achieving. But you need to 15 big. And once you succeed, you will feel really fantastic.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了被父亲遗弃的Martin Folsom，青年时代大部分时间都在街头流浪，和母亲住过五个不同州的收容所。但正是在这样艰难的生活下，Martin凭借高分从高中毕业，从不放弃自己的目标，还被乔治亚州瓦尔多斯塔州立大学以全额奖学金录取。 根据后文“Living on and off the streets for much of his youth”可知，Martin年少时居无定所，生活艰难。故选D。 1．A．slow B．fresh C．sound D．tough √ 2．A．hopelessness B．homelessness C．fearlessness D．pricelessness √ 根据上文“Living on and off the streets for much of his youth”可知Martin大部分时间都在流浪，多年无家可归。故选B。 根据后文“at the graduation ceremony”可知Martin今年夏天完成了高中学业。故选A。 3．A．finished B．admired C．attended D．remembered √ 4．A．frequently B．barely C．impressively D．hardly √ 根据后文“stand out of his class”以及上文提到的Martin在多年无家可归的情况下，还能取得高分读完高中，这令人印象深刻。故选C。 根据前后文“enabled him to make a(n) at the graduation ceremony”可知，Martin以高分完成了高中学业，所以得到了在毕业典礼上发表演讲的机会。故选D。 5．A．apology B．agreement C．announcement D．speech √ 6．A．move B．work C．exercise D．rest √ 根据后文“across five different states”可知他们经常搬家。故选A。 根据上文中“Living on and off the streets for much of his youth”可知Martin和妈妈无家可归，流落街头，只能住收容所。故选B。 7．A．apartments B．shelters C．offices D．schools √ 8．A．available B．comfortable C．miserable D．incredible √ 根据常识，Martin和妈妈无家可归，只能住收容所，这样的日子是悲惨的。故选C。 根据上文“Martin remained determined ”以及后文“He never missed school and was the highest-ranking student in 2020.”可知Martin意志坚定，从未缺课，是2020年排名最高的学生，说明他从不放弃自己的目标。故选D。 9．A．thought about B．complained about C．took the place of D．gave up √ 10．A．served as B．cooperated with C．turned to D．believed in √ 根据后文“the class monitor”可知指担任班长，应用serve as。故选A。 根据后文“He has a big heart for his classmates”以及上文Martin连续四年担任班长，可推知他是个负责任的领导者。故选C。 11．A．smart B．traditional C．responsible D．stubborn √ 根据后文“they're a promising generation.”可知Martin鼓励同学们，说他们是有前途的一代。故选B。 12．A．assuming B．encouraging C．expecting D．requesting √ 结合后文“Martin's efforts and excellence, he has been admitted to Valdosta State University in Georgia with a full scholarship”可知Martin能够被乔治亚州瓦尔多斯塔州立大学以全额奖学金录取，是由于他的努力和优秀。故 选A。 13．A．As a result of B．Except for C．In return for D．In terms of √ 根据后文“to students is to make goals early and work hard towards them”可知尽早设定目标，并为之努力是Martin对学生的建议。故选D。 14．A．attitude B．gratitude C．devotion D．advice √ 15．A．talk B．smile C．dream D．grow √ 根据上文讲述了生活艰难的Martin从不放弃自己的梦想，以优秀的成绩从高中毕业，并被大学录取，可知Martin认为学生应该有远大的梦想，dream big“远大梦想”。故选C。 索引 谢 谢 观 看 ！ U N I T 2 　 S U C C E S S 冠词— $$