Unit 5 A story by Mark Twain 单元讲义 2023-2024学年牛津上海版（试用本）九年级英语下册

Unit 5 A story by Mark Twain 单元讲义 2023-2024学年牛津上海版（试用本）九年级英语下册 I.单词 1. encourage v. 鼓励，说服 1） encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 如：My parents always encourage me to study hard. 2) encourage sb. in sth. 在某方面鼓励某人 如：Don’t encourage him in laziness. 注意：encouraging和encouraged是现在分词和过去分词，可以作adj.用，encouraged意思是“受到鼓舞的”，encouraging意思是“令人鼓舞的” 2. include v. 使成为......的一部分 如：You should include some examples in your essay.你应该在论文里举一些例子。 注意：include 还有“包括，包含”的意思。 同根词：including prep. 包括......在内 如：Six people were killed in the rito,including a policeman.暴乱中有6人死亡，包括一名警察。 3. depressed adj. 情绪低落的，沮丧的 如：He was depressed by the loss of his job. 同根词：depress v. 使......不快乐 depressing adj.压抑的，使沮丧的 词义辨析：sad,depressed 都有“悲伤的，沮丧的”意思，区别如下： 1）sad 为常用词，含义很广，一般指“悲伤或伤心” 如：The news made her sad. 2) depressed 指因疲劳、失望等而情绪低落，同时也可以指由于健康等原因引起的长期的无精打采或萎靡不振。 如：His illness left him feeling depressed. 4. joy n.快乐，高兴 如：She was full of joy when her child was born. n. 令人高兴的人人或事 如：Her child is a joy to her. 常用短语：to one’s joy 让某人高兴的事情是 如：To her parents’ joy,she won the first prize for her work. 同根词：enjoy v. 享受.....的乐趣，欣赏，喜爱 5. gain v. 获得，取得 如：He quickly gained experience. 词义辨析：get,gain 都含有“得到，获得”的意思，区别如下： 1） get 指以某种方法或手段得到某种东西。 2）gain 往往指“通过努力或有意思的行动而获得有益或有利的东西” 6.chance n. 机会，机遇 如：Please give me a chance to explain. 词义辨析：chance,opportunity 都含有“机会”的意思，区别如下： 1） opportunity 往往指有利的事件，chance则可能有利，也有可能不利。这两个词后接不定式或of加动词-ing 形式，这时可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。 如：He has a chance/an opportunity to see the Premier. He has a chance/an opportunity of seeing the Premier. I have the chance/opportunity to visit Gulin. I had no chance/opportunity of seeing him. 2) 在下列句子中，chance 是“可能性”的意思，不能用opportunity替换。 如：There is a chance that I will see him. Chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow. 新机器可能明天运到。 3） take the opportunity 是“趁此机会”的意思，take a chance 是“冒险”的意思。 II.词组 1. think of 想起,想到 拓展：think about 考虑 think over 仔细考虑 2. make fun of 取笑 3. went on doing 继续做某事 4. plan for 为......计划，为......作打算 5. come along 出现，