语法第三讲时态讲义-2023-2024学年初高中衔接

2023-2024学年初高中中衔接语法第三讲 时态 第一节 一般现在时 —般现在时（基本形式：am/is/are; do/does)常用于以下情况： 1. 现在经常发生的动作或现在的状态、特征 He usually spends summer in the mountains. England and France are separated by the English Channel. My uncle doesn’t smoke. Lori is friendly and considerate. 2. 不受客观限制的客观存在，包括：客观真理、格言、科学事实等 Pride goes before a fall. London stands on the River Thames. The earth travels around the sun. Hydrogen is the lightest element. 3. 时间/条件/让步/比较状语从句中的主将从现 Will you go and help to get in the crops when the harvest time comes? The farewell meeting will be canceled if the meeting room isn’t available tomorrow. Although I am busy, I will attend the meeting in person. The more you know about the artist, the more you will like his work. 4. 用于表示按计划、时间表要发生的动作，常用于以下情况： 表示往返位移的动词：arrive，come, go, leave, move, return, fly, ride, sail 表示开始结束的动词：begin，start, open, close, end, stop The train leaves at 2：30 p. m. The shop opens at 10:00 a. m. 第二节 现在进行时 现在进行时(基本形式:am/is/are doing)常用于以下情况： 1. 现在正在进行的动作 It is still raining outside. Hurry up! We’ re waiting for you. 2. 近阶段反复进行的事情 I’m feeding the neighbor’s cat this week while she’s in hospital. Jane is preparing for her driving test these days. 3.与always, constantly, continually等连用表达某种感情色彩（反感或赞赏） The postman is always putting your letters into my letter-box. You are constantly finding fault with me. Wendy is continually complaining that she is not properly paid. 4.根据安排最近将要出现的情况，常与表示往来、终结、开始的动词： arrive, leave, go, come, return, begin, close, open 等连用 We are leaving here tomorrow. I am going to Italy next month. 第三节 现在完成时 现在完成时（基本形式：have/has done)常用于以下情况： 1. 已完成用法：动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响；没有具体的时间状语 I am not hungry. I have just eaten a piece of cake. I have already finished my homework. 2.未完成用法：动作开始于过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也可能还会持续下去；常 与 since, recently, so far, up to now, until now, in/during/over the past/last/recently 段 时间连用，且动词必须为延续性动词 Linda has played the piano since she was seven and has won a lot of prizes so far. We haven’t made any progress so far.