第12讲 主旨大意题-2024年高三英语考前冲刺课程讲义

第12讲 阅读理解-主旨大意题 1、 考情分析 1、考点盘点 考点 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 综合 事实细节题 9 10 8 7 8 42 推理判断题 3 1 4 6 4 18 主旨大意题 3 2 1 1 2 9 词义猜测提 0 1 1 1 1 4 文章结构题 0 1 1 0 0 2 2、主旨大意题命题方式： 1）概括文章或段落中心思想型（main idea）： Which of the following is mainly discussed in the last paragraph? 2）标题或主题型（topic / title / headline）： What would be the best title for this passage? 3）写作目的型（main purpose）：主要包括娱乐读者，说服读者接受某个观点和告知读者某种信息等三种 What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? 3、中心主旨题干扰项特点： 1）主题变大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围变大，超过文章实际所提及的内容。 2）以偏概全。干扰项常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设计内容，或者以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。 3）无中生有，似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。 4）张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 二、解法荟萃 1.主题句全文定位法 应用信息 开头 100% 结尾 10% 故事传记 开头 10% 结尾 100% 议论说明（结论） 开头 100% 结尾 10% 议论说明（活动） 开头 100% 结尾 10% 议论说明（现象） 开头 100% 结尾 10% 议论说明（道理） 开头 90% 结尾 10% 2.高频词法（几乎每段均出现过一次或几次的词为高频词，中心主旨必须含有较多高频词） 3.选项综合分析法（深层、概括、积极、有意义） 三、真题剖析 【2017 C】 C Measles（麻疹）, which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine（疫苗）. But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year. The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work. But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.