内容正文:
专题09语法填空之非谓语动词重难点讲解+专项训练(文字版 | 含答案解析)
1. 什么是非谓语动词
简单来说,动词可充当谓语和非谓语,一句话中有且只有一个谓语,如果一个主语后跟了两个动词,那么一个是谓语动词,另一个就是非谓语动词。
一句话中如果有2个动词,哪个是谓语动词哪个是非谓语动词呢,我们来看下。
例:
I like to play games.
谓语动词 非谓语动词
I like playing games.
谓语动词 非谓语动词
2. 非谓语动词形式
非谓语动词有着动词不定式,动名词,分词三大类。其中分词又分现在分词与过去分词,形式上现在分词与动名词相同。
To do 不定式 表目的/将来/未做
I like to play games.
Doing 动名词/现在分词 表主动/动作正在进去
I like playing games.
Done 过去分词 表被动/动作已经完成
The window was broken by the boy.
3. 逻辑主语
逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者,它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系,但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语,因此叫逻辑主语。
非谓语动词其实只要记住: 在句子里不作谓语动词的其他动词。出现的形式只有可能是这3种: to do,doing,done。至于选择哪种,看这个动词表达的含义是什么,和主语/逻辑主语直接的关系如何。
例句分析:
The man entered the room, followed by his dog. 男人进入了房间,后面跟着他的狗。
enter是谓语,follow是非谓语,和逻辑主语“the man”之间的关系是被动,因此用followed
The dog entered the room, following his master. 狗跟着他的主人进入了房间。
enter是谓语,follow是非谓语,和逻辑主语“the dog”之间的关系是主动,因此用following
4. 逻辑主语的判断:
4-1.句子主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语,它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。例句分析:
She likes helping others. ( she 就是helping的逻辑主语)
Moved by my words, her father told me the truth. ( her father是moved 的逻辑主语)
4-2. 介词of 或for的宾语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
例句分析:
It is kind of you to tell me the news. ( you是to tell 的逻辑主语)
这个句子中,it是形式主语,句子的真正主语是to tell me the news.
It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time. ( you是to finish的逻辑主语)
4-3. 复合结构中的宾语就是非谓动词的逻辑主语。
例句分析:
The doctor asked me to answer her question. ( me 是to answer的逻辑主语)
l saw him playing at the river side. ( him是playing 的逻辑主语)
5. 作业练习
一、单项选择
1.________ by the policemen, the thief couldn’t escape being caught.
A.Surrounded B.Surrounding C.Surround D.Being Surrounded
2.______for two days, the new comer started to get along well with the team.
A.To work B.Worked C.To be working D.Having worked
3.Trump Tower, _____ as the headquarters for The Trump Organization, is a 58-story skyscraper_____in Midtown Manhattan.
A.serving; located B.served; located C.served; locating D.serving; locating
4.-You look sleepy today.
- ______ not to miss the flight, I didn’t dare to close my eyes the whole night.
A.