专题08 段落大意题 - 2024年高考英语考前60天专题大突破（真题精练+策略指导+模拟提升）

专题08 段落大意题 知考法 明考向: 该题型属于主旨大意题的考查类型之一。每一段都是围绕一个特定的主题按照一定的逻辑顺:序展开,所以每一段都有一个中心,且中心思想通常通过段落主题句表现出来。考生做此类题时,要找到段落.题句即为段落大意,有时也要通过阅读整段内容进行归纳得出段落大意,从而找到正确选项。 做真题 悟技法 （2023·新课标 I , D篇） On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that