专题08语法填空之非谓语动词综合（ed ing to do)重难点讲解+专题特训100题

及物与不及物 语态 时态 类别 及物动词vt. 不及物动词vi.没有被动语态 主动语态 被动语态 主动 语态 ing 一般式（与谓语动作同时发生） doing Being done Doing 完成式（动作在谓语动作之前发生 Having done Having been done Having done ed 只有一般式不强调时间先后 × Done(表示被动） Done （表示完成） To do 一般式（与谓语动作同时发生） To do To be done To do 完成式（与谓语动作同时发生） To have done To have been done To have done 进行式（谓语动作发生时动作正在进行 To be doing × To be doing 02如何找到逻辑主语 01时态语态整理 非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语（逻辑主语没有主动和被动之分)。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。 I often hear him singing this song. 我经常听他唱这首歌。(him 是singing的逻辑主语) Hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying. 听到这消息，他禁不住哭了。(he是hearing的逻辑主语) 若用的是过去分词或现在分词的被动式，则上面提到的逻辑主语实为“逻辑宾语”。如： I often hear this song sung. 我经常听到有人唱这首歌。(this song是sung的逻辑主语，但是sing 的逻辑宾语) I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看见她被送到手术室。(her是being taken 的逻辑主语，但是take 的逻辑宾语) 03逻辑主语易错点 分词作状语，它的逻辑主语通常应是句子的主语，否则会出错。请看下题： 1. Finding her car stolen, ______. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere  D. she hurried to a policeman for help 此题答案应选D，因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语应是“她”，而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等。 在使用分词的逻辑主语时还要注意根据句意判断是主动还是被动。如： 2. _____ many times, he still didn’t understand it. A. Having been told      B. Though to be told C. Having told          D. He was told 根据句意，he 与 tell 应是被动关系。从时间上看，应该是“被告诉”在先，“没有理解”在后，故选A。比较下题由于句中用了并列连词but，情况有所不同： 3. _____ many times, but he still didn’t understand it. A. Having been told      B. Though he was told C. To have been told      D. He was told 此题答案选D，句中的并列连词 but 表明整个句子为并列句，同时表明 but 前应是一个独立的句子，而不能是一个非谓语动词短语(所以不能选A或C)。 04分词的独立主格结构 在通常情况下，分词作状语时它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，若不一致，则应改用其他句型。如： 误：Crossing the road, a car knocked him down.  正：Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. 过马路时他被车撞倒了。 正：When he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 他过马路时车子把他撞倒了。 解决状语分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的问题，也可在分词前加一个名词或