2024年河北省中考英语被动语态精讲练

被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者 例1：English is spoken by many people. (主语English是动词speak的承受者。) 例2：This English song is sung by Millie. (主语this English song是动词sing发出的，即sing这个动作的承受者。) (二) 被动语态的用法 1. 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。(没有必要或说出出版者) 2. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The window was broken by mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。　 The tiger was killed by him.　老虎被他杀死了。 3. 当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。 The window was blown by wind.　窗户被风吹开了。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood.　整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4. 表示客观的说明常用“It is + 过去分词”句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.　据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed that he is a spy. 大家相信他是个间谍。 (三) 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。 注：不及物动词本身没有被动语态。   人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。     及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 (四) 主动句变成被动句 主动变被动的基本“三部曲” 1.变宾为主：即变主动语态的动词宾语为被动语态的主语，当宾语为人称代词的时候，注意宾格和主格的转换。 2.把谓语变成被动结构 ：即be +及物动词的过去分词。 3.变主语为介词by的宾语：即变主动语态的主语为被动语态介词by的宾语，当主语为人称代词时，注意主格和宾格的转换。 歌诀：宾变主，主变宾， by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动， be后“过分”来使用。 主动句：主语+谓语+宾语 被动句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语 例：I watched a football match on TV last night. →A football match on TV was watched by me last night. (五) 被动语态的句式结构 以一般现在时的被动语态为例： 肯定句 主语+be+动词过去分词 The room is cleaned by Tom. 否定句 主语+be+ not+动词过去分词 The room isn’t cleaned by Tom. 一般疑问句 Be+主语+动词过去分词? Is the room cleaned by Tom? 肯/否定回答 Yes, 主语+be. No, 主语+be+ not. Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 【例题】 1. Keep quiet, please! Talking ____ during the meeting. A. is not allowed B. is allowed C. doesn't allow D. allows 2. The child without parents ____ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes 3. Look at our new school. It ____ last year. A. built B. was built C. is built D. will be built 4. In order to make our city more beautiful, more trees and flowers_____ every year. A. will plant B. should plant C. should be planted D. should are planted 答案：AABC (六)不同时态的被动语态的结构形式 时态 结构 一般