专题05 中国元素 算盘 -2023-2024学年高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化 中国元素 算盘（素材+时文阅读+语法填空+书面表达） 第一部分 话题素材积累 The suanpan is an abacus of Chinese origin first described in a book of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 AD-220 AD), namely Supplementary Notes on the Art of Figures written by Xu Yue. Usually,a suanpan is about 20 cm tall and comes in various widths depending on the application. 中国算盘最早记载于东汉时期（公元25年一公元220年）的一本书，即徐岳的《数术记遗》。通常，算盘大约20厘米高，而且用途不同，算盘宽度也是不同的。 The abacus is a rectangular wooden frame. Inside the frame,there are usually at least seven vertical rods and a horizontal beam.After setting a digit, an operator can move beads up or down towards the beam to do the calculation. 算盘是一个长方形的木框。在木框内，通常至少有七根直柱和一根横梁。设置数字后，打算盘的人通过将算珠向上或向下移动到横梁处进行计算。 The Chinese abacus used to have a beam which divides beads into two parts: two beads above the beam (each represents five) and five below(each represents one). This type of abacus is still being used in China nowadays. 过去的算盘常有一道横梁把算珠分隔为上下两部分，上半部分每档有两个算珠（每珠代表5),下半部分每档有五个算珠（每珠代表1).这种算盘至今仍在中国使用。 Abacus computations are also called bead computations. One must recite a concise formula by which the calculations of addition,subtraction,multiplication and division can all be simplified into the acts of moving the beads. 打算盘也被称为珠算。先熟背一个简洁的公式，通过这个公式，加、减、乘、除的运算都可以简化成移动算珠。 In the past, in addition to the ability to write elegant characters with a brush pen, another required skill for businessmen was to use an abacus skillfully. Whenever there was a calculation,there was an abacus. 过去，商人除了要会写一手漂亮的毛笔字外，另一项必备技能就是要会熟练地打算盘。只要有计算，就有算盘。 Words and expressions. ①abacus n.算盘 ②width n.宽度 ③ rectangular adj.长方形的 ④ frame n.框架 ⑤ vertical adj.垂直的 ⑥rod n.杆；竿 ⑦ horizontal adj.水平的 ⑧ beam n.梁 ⑨bead n.(有孔的）珠子 ⑩ computation n.计算 ⑪ concise adj.简洁的 ⑫ simplify vt.使简化 ⑬一种独特的计算工具 a unique counting tool ⑭进行加、减、乘、除运算 perform the calculations of addition,subtraction, multiplication and division 第2部分 时文阅读 阅读理解 A A British woman, Dr. Mantri, growing up in India started to notice her son, Dhruv, was strugg