Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures 名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语 学案-2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

单元语法 名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 1. 名词短语 (1)定义 名词与它的修饰语一起构成名词短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系:一是放在被修饰名词的前面,作前置定语;二是放在被修饰名词的后面,作后置定语。 (2)构成 1. adj.+n. /n. +adj. extra-curricular activities homeless people advanced maths people present at the meeting 2. 校足球队 一名女医生 3. 老师和学生 4. 起居室 正在睡觉的男孩 阅读能力 students reading in the classroom 5. fallen leaves photos taken by Mike 6. The meeting to be held tomorrow 7. A solution to the question The main purpose of the course The safety of all the students 8. 限定词+n. An English book My schedule 注意:【误区警示】 在名词短语中对名词中心词起限定作用的叫限定词。限定词总是位于名词中心词之前。 (1)限定词与作前置修饰语的形容词同时修饰一个名词中心词时,限定词要位于形容词之前。 (2)一个名词前如果有两个或两个以上的限定词,那么这些限定词按先后顺序可分为前位、中位、后位限定词。 All the four teachers (前+中+后) Both the twin brothers (前+中) Those last few months (中+后+后) 1. 前位限定词有all, both, half, double, twice, one-third, what等。 2. 中位限定词有a(n),the, this that these, those; my, your, his, her, its, some, no, every, either, enough, what(ever)等。 3. 后位限定词有one, two, ...first, second,...; next, last, other, another; many, much, (a)few, (a)little, fewer, (the) fewest, less, (the)least, more, most; several, such, plenty of, lots of, a great number of , a great/ good many 等。 4. 若一个名词词组带有两类或三类限定词,则搭配关系为:前位-中位-后位。如:half his lesson 他的课的一半,all the three students 所有这3名学生,all other students 所有其他的学生,those last few boys 最后的那几个男孩。 另外,值得注意的是:一个名词前不可用两个前位或两个中位限定词。 my that pencil ( x ) that pencil of mine ( ) 2. 形容词短语 (1)定义 以形容词为中心词的词组,前后可带有修饰成分。 (2) 构成 1. adj. + and/but/or+adj. large and beautiful small but practical 2. adv. 修饰adj.构成形容词短语 extremely cold really hard very handsome quite long 3. full of similar to different from 4. anxious to know delighted to do (3)功能 形容词短语作定语、表语、宾补和状语等。 1. Li Ming is a senior high school student always ready to help others. 李明是一名高中生,总是乐于助人。 2. China is rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。 3. We found them tired and sleepy. 我们发现他们又累又困。 4. (往往用来说明主语或宾语的状态、性质、特征等,可位于句首、句中或句末,但通常用逗号隔开) Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 他很感兴趣, 答应试一试。 After the war, the soldiers, returned home, sa