内容正文:
高考英语阅读理解----主旨大意题(generalization)
什么是generalization?(选择题):1.Choose the most general word:A.chemist B. physicist C. scientist D. biologist
2.Choose the most general sentence:A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily.B. There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn.C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.D. There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting.
答案:CB 什么是主旨大意?最核心,最具概括力的信息。
考纲解读:主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。凡是问文章标题(the best title)、大意(the main idea)和写作意图(the purpose, the aim)的题目都属于此类。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结,属于高层次题。
一. 主旨大意题命题形式大致可以概括为三类:选择段落或文章的主题思想、标题和写作目的。
1. 大意类常见的主题型题干:
1) This passage chiefly deals with____________.
2) What is mainly discussed in the text/ paragraph?
3) What is the main idea of the passage?
4)What is the key point of the passage?
2.标题类常见的标题型题干:
1) The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.
2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.
3.目的主旨大意题
1) The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is______________.
2) The passage is meant to ______________.
3) The intention of the writer is to______________.
4)The theme of the passage is to _____________.
4. 文章出处题1) Where is the passage probably from?2) What is the source of the article?(来源)
二.主旨大意题的错误选项有以下特点:
1.以偏盖全。只是局部信息或者是一句没有展开论述的话。以个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容,或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。2.过于笼统。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大,超过文章实际所讨论的内容。或与细节脱节,没有对该篇阅读材料的中心细节点提及。3.张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上,构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下,会造成错选答案。 4.把读者观点或者大众观点强加于作者。读者往往根据自己的常识或者普遍性思维的观点对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。5.无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了,但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
三.解题技巧1. 根据转折连词或部分标志性词句来总结文章主题。一般而言,作者常常借用转折连词来引出文章或段落的主旨大意,如but,yet,however。需要注意的是转折连词后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点,而这又常常是文章中心主旨的关键所在。还要格外注意部分标志性词句,如:on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus, I agree with the opinion that….;Given all these points above, I would support the