Unit 12 Section Ⅴ WRITING WORKSHOP & CLUB 1& CLUB 2（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅴ　WRITING WORKSHOP & READING CLUB 1 & READING CLUB 2 [对应学生用书P133] [默写单词] 1．steam n．水蒸气；蒸汽动力 2．kettle n．水壶，壶 3．fibre n．(木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维 4．mass n．大量，大宗 adj.大量的 5．sailor n．水手，海员 6．regulate vt.控制，管理 7．mechanical adj.机械的 8．electric adj.用电的，带电的，电动的 [拓展单词] 1．boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸；(用开水)煮 n．沸腾→boiling adj.沸腾的；酷热的→boiled adj.煮沸的；煮熟的 2．improve v．改善，改进→improvement n．改善，改进；改进之处→improved adj.改良的 3．revolution n．彻底变革，革命→revolutionary adj.革命的；革命性的，突破性的 4．available adj.可用的，可获得的；有空的→availability n．可能性　 5．explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长→explosion n．[C，U]爆炸(声)，引爆；[C]爆发 6．illustrate vt.说明，阐明；给(书籍、文章等)加插图→illustration n．插图，图解；说明，例证→illustrator n．插图画家 7．preserve vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护 n．腌菜，果酱→preservation n．保存；维护 8．specific adj.确切的；特定的→specifically adv.特定地，专门地 9．accurate adj.正确的，准确的→accuracy n．[U]精确；准确→accurately adv.准确地；精确地 1．由……制成 be made from 2．因为；由于 because of 3．例如 for example 4．导致；通向 lead to 5．可被……利用或得到的 become available to 6．排列起；(使)排成行 line up 7．在海上；茫然 at sea 8．看一看 have a look at 9．充满 be filled with 10．为了…… for the purpose of 11．成千上万的；无数的 millions of 12．依靠，依赖 rely on 1．句型公式：the first/last/best ...＋n.＋to do sth.第一个/最后一个/最好的一个……做某事的…… 教材原句：Because of the invention of paper，China was one of the first nations to start producing historical records, maps and literature. 因为纸的发明，中国是最早开始制作历史记录、地图和文学作品的国家之一。 佳句仿写：上海是中国首批出现共享单车热潮的城市之一。 Shanghai is one of the first cities in China to see bike sharing fever． 2．句型公式：现在分词(短语)作后置定语 教材原句：For example, rockets carrying gunpowder could be launched at enemy soldiers from a bamboo tube. 例如，携带火药的火箭可以从竹筒中发射到敌军士兵身上。 佳句仿写：几个世纪以来，丝绸之路一直是连接东西方交流的最重要的路线。 For centuries, the Silk Road has been the most important line of communication connecting East and West． 3．句型公式：without引导含蓄虚拟条件句 教材原句：Without watches or clocks, even simple tasks like catching a train, meeting a friend or even boiling an egg would be very difficult indeed. 如果没有手表或钟表，即使是像赶火车、见朋友、甚至煮鸡蛋这些简单的任务也会非常困难。 佳句仿写：没有他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成工作。 We wouldn't have finished our work on time without their help. 4．句型公式：find＋it＋adj.＋to do 教材原句：Now it is a common object in most homes and people would find it difficult to imagine living without it. 现在，它在大多数家庭中都很常见，人们很难想象没有它的生活。 佳句仿写：今天的儿童很难想象没有手机和电视机的时代是什么样子。 The modern children find it difficult to imagine a time when there was no mobile phone or TV. 5．句型公式：“It is/was not until ...that ...”强调句型 教材原句： ...but it wasn't until 1857 that a man called Elisha Otis designed and built a machine that used hydraulics to carry people between the floors of a building. ……但是直到1857年，一个叫以利沙·奥蒂斯的人设计并制造了一种利用液压系统将人运送到楼层之间的机器。 佳句仿写：一直到下午五点他们才完成工作。 It was not until five o'clock in the afternoon that they finished their work. [对应学生用书P134] 1 　arrange vt.安排，准备；整理；排列 The blocks were then arranged to form the words on a page. 然后这些积木被排列成一页上的单词。 ►情境探究 ①I've arranged for a window cleaner to come on Thursday. 我已安排好一个窗户清洁工星期四来。 ②Can you arrange a meeting with the premier? 你能安排一次与总理的会晤吗？ ►要点突破 ①arrange sth. for sb.为某人安排某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事；约定做某事 arrange sth. with sb.与某人安排某事 arrange with sb. to do sth.与某人商定做某事 arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事 ②arrangement n．安排；筹备 make arrangements for ...安排…… ①表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb. to do sth.而不用arrange sb. to do sth.。 ②make arrangements (for sth./for sb. to do sth.)中的arrangement常用其复数形式。 ③arrange后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Our department will be in charge of arranging (arrange) the conference. ②I've agreed to help with arrangements(arrange) for the party. ③The manager arranged for John to drive the guests home after supper. ④Have you arranged to take(take) the drive test this weekend? [完成句子] ⑤随着国庆节的临近，我们已经为我们的旅行做了安排。 With the Nation's Day approaching, we have already made arrangements for our trip． ⑥我想知道今天老板是否能与雇员商定工资。 I wonder whether the employer can arrange with employees about the salary today. 2 　mass n．块，团，堆；群众，民众；大量，大宗；质量 adj.大量的 This invention made it much quicker and easier to reproduce written work and led to the first ever mass­production of books and literature. 这项发明使复制书面作品变得更快、更容易，并导致了书籍和文学作品的首次大规模生产。 ►情境探究 ①Their latest product is aimed at the mass market. 他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。 ②With efficiency also comes mass production. 随着效率的提高，大规模生产也随之而来。 ►要点突破 ①a mass/masses of 大量；许多 the masses 群众；平民百姓 ②massive adj.大量的；巨大的，厚重的 ③massively adv.大量地；沉重地；极其 ①“the mass of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致。 ②“a mass/masses of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与mass的形式保持一致。 ③a mass/masses of既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①There were(be) masses of dark clouds in the sky yesterday. ②The masses are(be) often the makers of history. ③They insist the tax will massively (massive) reduce future investment. [完成句子] ④我在人群里挤来挤去，挤到了出口处。 I struggled through the mass of people to the exit. 3 　design vt.& n．设计；安排；图案；意图；计划 These clocks and watches were designed to measure time in seconds. 这些钟表和手表被设计成以秒为单位来测量时间。 ►情境探究 ①A California builder designed the structure of the house smartly. 一个加利福尼亚的建筑师巧妙地设计了房子的结构。 ②This book which is designed to help children read turns out to be a success. 打算用来帮助孩子阅读的这本书很成功。 ③Do you think that he didn't turn up by accident or by design? 你认为他没有露面是纯属巧合还是有意为之？ ►要点突破 ①by design 故意地；蓄意地 ②design sb./sth. to do sth.打算让……从事…… ③design sb./sth. for ...打算……用作(某种目的) ④be designed for/to do sth.计划做；打算用来做 表示“故意与偶然”的词语/组小结： (1)故意地 ①by design　②on purpose　③deliberately (2)偶然地 ①by chance　②by accident　③accidentally ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①A lot of people often forget that oral exams are designed to test(test) our communicative ability. ②The method is specifically designed for use in small groups. ③On second thoughts, I have designed her to take(take) the job. [完成句子] ④她刚好在我们正要离开时到达，但我不能肯定这是出于偶然还是有意安排。 She arrived just as we were leaving, but I'm not sure whether this was by accident or by design． 4 　preserve vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护n.腌菜，果酱；保护区 Thousands of years ago, people realised that they could preserve meat by burying it in snow. 几千年前，人们意识到可以把肉埋在雪里保存。 ►情境探究 ①In this nature preserve, all the rare plants are well­preserved. 在这个自然保护区中，所有的稀有植物都得到了良好的保护。 ②She decided to make peach preserves for Christmas gifts. 她决定做桃子果酱作为圣诞礼物。 ►要点突破 ①preserve ...from ...保护……免受…… preserve sth.＋adj. 把某物保存得…… ②preservation n．保护，保存 preserve与reserve词形相似，但reserve 意为“保留；预订”。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①The house buried underground for over 1，000 years is part of local history and should be preserved(preserve)． ②The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation(preserve), which are of great value to our study. ③They were determined to preserve their students from harm. [完成句子] ④这个花瓶一直被保存得很好。 The vase has been well preserved． 5 　electric adj.用电的，带电的，电动的 In 1880，a German inventor, Werner von Siemens, introduced the first electric powered elevator—and the lift, as we know it today, was born. 1880年，德国发明家沃纳·冯·西门子发明了第一台电动电梯——我们今天所知道的电梯就这样诞生了。 ►情境探究 In the 1980s，electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training with some electronic equipment and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds. 在二十世纪八十年代，电线和铅中毒几乎使它们灭绝了。现在，正在用一些电子设备进行电击训练和医学治疗帮助拯救这些大鸟。 ►要点突破 electric/electronic/electrical/electricity electric 指“用电的，带电的，电动的” electronic 指与电子有关的(电子器件的、电子设备的) electrical 指“电的，用电的，发电的”，常和与电有关的事物搭配 electricity 指“电力；电流” ►学以致用 [完成句子] ①王先生有一个聪明的儿子，他喜欢电动玩具。 Mr Wang has a smart son, who likes electric toys． ②因此，我们应该认识到电的重要性。 Therefore, we should realize the importance of electricity． 1 　the first/last/best ...＋n.＋to do sth.第一个/最后一个/最好的一个……做某事的…… Because of the invention of paper，China was one of the first nations to start producing historical records, maps and literature. 因为纸的发明，中国是最早开始制作历史记录、地图和文学作品的国家之一。 ►情境探究 ①He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. 他总是吃苦在前，享受在后。 ②The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。 ►要点突破 ①当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时，或前有next，only，last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 ②一些特定名词，如ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief后，常跟不定式作定语。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①The first person to arrive(arrive) was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. ②If I have any further news，you will be the first person to know(know)． [完成句子] ③这无疑是一个让更多的人看到这些照片的好机会。 This is surely a good chance for more people to see the photos． 2 　without引导含蓄虚拟条件句 Without watches or clocks, even simple tasks like catching a train, meeting a friend or even boiling an egg would be very difficult indeed. 如果没有手表或钟表，即使是像赶火车、见朋友、甚至煮鸡蛋这样简单的任务也会非常困难。 ►情境探究 ①Without music(＝If there were no music), the world would be dull. 世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。 ②The earth would be a frozen ball without the radiant heat of the sun. 要是没有太阳的辐射热，地球将会是一个冰冻的球体。 ►要点突破 ①在if虚拟条件句中，有时假设条件不通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词(短语)中，如without, but for, otherwise, or等。 ②句子表示与现在或将来事实相反时，谓语动词用“would/should/could/might＋do”。 ③句子表示与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用“would/should/could/might＋have done”。 ►学以致用 [完成句子] ①假若没有你的劝告，我想必已经失败了。 Without your advice I would have failed. ②(如果)没有你的帮助，我是不会做到的。 Without your help, I couldn't have done it. ③要是没有指南针，他们可能在森林里迷路了。 They might have been lost in the forest without the compass. 3 　find＋it＋adj.＋to do Now it is a common object in most homes and people would find it difficult to imagine living without it. 现在，它在大多数家庭中都很常见，人们很难想象没有它的生活。 ►情境探究 ①We find it difficult to make the plot adapted complete and attractive enough. 我们发现很难做到使改编的情节足够完整且吸引人。 ②While working in the farmyard, I found it very hard to work in the fields under the hot sun. 在农家院里干活时，我发现烈日下在地里干活很辛苦。 ►要点突破 ①find＋宾语＋现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语 ②find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do (it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语) ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①He found his daughter surrounded (surround) by letters and books and looking very worried. ②A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking(smoke) in the kitchen. [完成句子] ③现在她觉得练习说英语很有趣，她很高兴能说一口流利的英语。 Now she finds it interesting to practice speaking English and she enjoys it when she can speak fluent English. 4 　“It is/was not until ...that ...”强调句型 ...but it wasn't until 1857 that a man called Elisha Otis designed and built a machine that used hydraulics to carry people between the floors of a building. ……但是直到1857年，一个叫以利沙·奥蒂斯的人设计并制造了一种利用液压系统将人运送到楼层之间的机器。 ►情境探究 ①It was not until all the fish in the river died out that they realized the importance of environmental protection. 直到河里所有的鱼都死光了，他们才意识到环境保护的重要性。 ②You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists. 你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接游客的。 ►要点突破 ①强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分． ②强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ ③强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？ ①当not until置于句首时，句子要用倒装。 ②强调句型通常用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等，不能强调谓语。强调句子的谓语动词时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。 ③判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：把it is/was和that/who去掉，再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置，若句子完整，则为强调句。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①And it was the ship that brought you to England. ②What was it that prevented him from coming in time? [完成句子] ③正是他们的不懈努力使得中国逐渐发生变化。 It was their continuous efforts that caused China to change gradually. ④史密斯先生是因为杰克上学迟到才生气的吗？ Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry? ⑤昨天他的确完成作业了。 He did finish his homework yesterday. [对应学生用书P140] 1．Water can be purified by boiling(煮沸) for five minutes. 2．They were clearing up when the second bomb exploded． 3．The article is an accurate(准确的)reflection of events that day. 4．We went to London specifically(专门) to visit the British Museum. 5．All kinds of traditional craft industries are preserved here. 6．The manufacturing methods will be illustrated(说明) in the next chapter. 7．The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship. 8．His visit is direct evidence of the improvement in their relationship. 1．The media has a powerful(power) influence on public opinion. 2．He has invented many things. He is a great inventor(invent)． 3．We expect to see further improvement(improve) over the coming year. 4．With the kettle of boiling(boil) water in her hand, she moved quietly toward the front door. 5．The nature and availability(available) of material evidence was not to be discussed. 1．你似乎是唯一一个真正了解他的人。(不定式作后置定语) You seem to be the only person to truly know him． 2．我到了车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。(不定式作结果状语) I reached the station only to be told that the train had already left． 3．昨晚发生了一场大火，造成了重大损失。(现在分词短语作状语) There was a big fire last night，causing heavy losses． 4．机器使人们有可能用较少的精力做更多的工作。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语) Machines make it possible that people do more work with less energy． 5．我有许多外语书，其中很多是世界名著。(most of which引导定语从句) I have many foreign language books，most of which are world famous works． . 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$