Unit 12 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1 [对应学生用书P98] [默写单词] 1．microscope n．显微镜 2．launch vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事 3．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星 4．orbit n．轨道vi.& vt.沿轨道运行 5．split vi.& vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分) 6．outspoken adj.坦率的，直言不讳的 7．mould n．霉，霉菌 8．penicillin n．青霉素，盘尼西林 9．perceive vt.察觉，注意到，发觉 10．million num.百万 11．humble adj.谦虚的，谦卑的 12．outcome n．结果，后果 13．navy n．海军 14．missile n．导弹，飞弹 15．joint adj.联合的，共同的，共有的 16．tube n．圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管 17．circuit n．电路，线路；环形道路 [拓展单词] 1．physicist n．物理学家→physics n．物理学 2．scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学；学科；理科→scientist n．科学家 3．donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献→donation n．捐赠物；捐助→donor n．捐赠者；赠送人 4．correspond vi.通信→correspondence n．通信；一致；相关 5．instant adj.立刻的，马上的→instantly adv.立即地；马上地；即刻地conj.一……就…… 6．subsequently adv.后来，随后→subsequent adj.随后的；后来的 7．relativity n．相对性→relate vt.叙述；使……有联系→relative adj.相对的；相关联的n.亲戚；相关物→relation n．关系；关联→relationship n．关系；亲属关系 8．constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的n.常量，恒量→constantly adv.不断地；时常地 9．finding n．研究的结果；发现→find vt.查找，找到；发现；认为 10．biologist n．生物学家→biology n．(一个地区全部的)生物；生物学 11．accuracy n．准确性；精准度；正确，准确→accurate adj.正确的，准确的→accurately adv.精确地；准确地 12．efficiently adv.有效率地，高效能地→efficient adj.有效率的，高效能的→efficiency n．效率；效能；功效 13．propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等)→proposal n．提议，建议；求婚 1．figure out 计算出；弄明白 2．according to 依据 3．not to mention 更不必说 4．range from ...to ... 从……到……不等 5．single out 挑出，挑选 6．with the introduction of 随着……的引进 7．at the same time 同时，与此同时 8．come back 回来；回想起来；恢复；重新流行 9．in fact 事实上，实际上 10．look for 寻找 11．turn to 转向；变成；求助于 12．deal with 处理；涉及；与……做生意 13．nothing like 没有什么能比得上；一点也不像 14．turn on 打开；攻击 15．go out 出去；熄灭；过时 16．with the development of 随着……的发展 17．one another 彼此，互相 18．all over the world 全世界 19．be dedicated to 致力于；献身于 20．in the chain of 在……链中 1．句型公式：the way＋定语从句 教材原句：Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones，and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. 移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。 佳句仿写：它们在草地上打滚的样子真有趣。 It's funny the way (that/in which) they roll on the grass． 2．句型公式：It is/was＋adj.＋to do sth. 做某事是…… 教材原句：Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery，it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century. 尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。 佳句仿写：很容易想象将会发生什么。 It is easy to imagine what would happen. 3．句型公式：be doing ...when ... 正在做……这时/那时突然…… 教材原句：In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man was rocking his one­year­old baby when he was suddenly inspired. 1905年夏天，这个坦率的年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时，突然受到启发。 佳句仿写：我们正在开派对，这时突然闯进来一个人。 We were having a party when a man broke in. 4．句型公式：“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 教材原句：He double­checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed. 经过反复检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。 佳句仿写：工厂建在一个秘密的地方，四周是高山。 The factory was built in a secret place，around which were high mountains． [对应学生用书P100] [主旨大意] The text introduces some famous pioneers in science and their discoveries of the 20th century，discusses the influence of scientific and technological innovation on people. [文章架构] SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS Albert Einstein E＝mc2：It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of 1.energy． 2.Theory of relativity：It showed even time, mass and length change according to our experience of them. 3.Alexander Fleming Penicillin：It helped to save the 4.lives of millions． Eckert & Mauchly The world's first computer：It was produced to improve the 5.accuracy of the US Navy's missiles. Tim Berners­Lee The World Wide Web：It enables computers all over the world to 6.communicate with each other. [细节探究] 1．What's the main idea of the first paragraph？(　　) A．People have made amazing discoveries in medicine，communications and transport. B．It is hard to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century. C．Scientists have found how to split the atom. D．The world has changed completely. 2．Which of the following subjects isn't mentioned in this part？(　　) A．Physics.　　　　　 B．Geography. C．IT. D．Biology. 3．After Alexander Fleming double­checked，he realised that ________． A．penicillin was in fact the natural form of the blue mould B．penicillin was useless to help to save the lives of people C．he made the greatest breakthrough of the century D．penicillin could be used to kill bacteria 4．Which of the following descriptions about the world's first computer is NOT true？(　　) A．An engineer and a physicist devoted themselves to producing it. B．It was very huge and used much energy. C．It was finished after the war in 1946. D．It was very like our computers today. 答案：1～4 BBDD [难句突破] 1．We started flying around the world，launching satellites into orbit and，at the same time，scientists figured out how to split the atom，previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. 分析：本句是and连接的并列句。第一个分句中现在分词短语flying ... orbit作宾语；第二个分句中how to split the atom作宾语，过去分词短语previously thought ... universe作定语。 翻译：我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。 2．Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place. 分析：本句为主从复合句。介词短语Without ... technology作状语；whether lucky or planned为插入语；as we know it today为定语从句。 翻译：如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。 SCIENTIFIC① BREAKTHROUGHS ❶If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century，you would have a real problem on your hands. In just 100 years，the world has changed completely. Amazing discoveries were made in medicine，communications and transport，not to mention② our knowledge of the world and space. Medical advances ranged③ from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated④ ones. Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones，and the way we correspond⑤ went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. We started flying around the world，launching⑥ satellites⑦ into orbit and，at the same time，❷scientists figured out how to split the atom，previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe． ❸Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery，it is possible to single out⑧ a few pioneers of the 20th century. Here are some of them. One of the 20th century's premier⑨ scientists was Albert Einstein. In the summer of 1905，❹this outspoken young man was rocking his one­year­old baby when he was suddenly inspired. Subsequently⑩，“E＝mc2” was born. It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy. Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time，mass or length are constant— they change according to our experience of them. In 1928，another important finding was made by biologist Alexander Fleming. Before he went on holiday，Fleming left a dish of bacteria in his laboratory. When he came back，he noticed something strange.❺He double­checkedand saw a blue mould in the disharound which the bacteria had been destroyed.❻This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin，which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria.A few years later，penicillin was being mass­produced and helping to save the lives of millions. Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery.“Nature made penicillin，” he said，“I just found it.” During World War Ⅱ，when Fleming's discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles. The navy turned to Eckert，an engineer，and Mauchly，a physicist，to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort. Although they only finished after the war in 1946，it did not matter. This huge machine was the world's first computer，but it was nothing likeour computers today. It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30，000 kilograms.❼With 18，000 tubes，thousands of circuits and 6，000 switches，it used so much energy that when it was turned on，the lights in the local town went out! With the development of computers，people expected to get more things done efficiently. During the Cold War，a “huge network” of computers was proposed by two American scientists.❽With computers talking to one another，it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other. By the end of the 1960s，some mini­networks were established，but only a few computers could connect to them. In 1990，Tim Berners­Lee invented the World Wide Web，which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other. Nowadays，life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable. These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to improving the quality of human life on Earth. Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”，with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests. There is no doubt about it. Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place. [参考译文] 科学突破 如果你必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项，这可不是一件容易的事。在仅仅100年中，世界就完全变样了。医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到施行手术，用捐赠的器官做器官移植。移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。 尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。例如以下几位。 20 世纪最杰出的科学家，爱因斯坦是其一。1905年夏天，这个坦率的年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时，突然受到启发。于是，“E＝mc2”诞生了。它证明了一小块物质可以产生巨大的能量。爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。 1928年，另一项重要的发现由生物学家亚历山大·弗莱明发现了。在去度假之前，弗莱明在实验室里放了一个培养细菌的器皿。回来时，他注意到器皿里有点儿奇怪。经过反复检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。数年后，青霉素开始大量生产，帮助挽救了数百万人的生命。弗莱明对他这个惊人的发现保持谦虚，他说：“是大自然制造了青霉素，我只是发现了它。” 第二次世界大战期间，正当弗莱明的发现首次用来帮助治愈疾病时，美国海军正在寻找提高导弹精度的方法。海军求助于工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利，两人共同制造一台机器来完成这项工作，解决这个问题。尽管机器在1946年战争结束后才被制造出来，但仍产生了巨大影响。这台巨大的机器是世界上第一台计算机，但是与今天的计算机完全不同。它长100英尺，高10英尺，重30 000多公斤。它有18 000个显像管，数千条电路和6 000 个开关，耗电量异常大，以至于当它启动的时候，当地所有的灯都熄灭了！ 随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。计算机能互换信息，可使政府领导人相互沟通。到20 世纪60 年代末，一些小型网络已经建立起来，但只有少数计算机可以接入。1990 年，蒂姆·伯纳·李发明了万维网，使世界各地的计算机能够相互通信。如今，对大多数人来说，没有互联网的生活是难以想象的。 这些20 世纪的先驱都致力于改善地球上人类的生活质量。不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。毫无疑问，如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。 [难词注解] ①scientific adj.科学(上)的 ②not to mention 更不必说 ③range v．(在一定范围内)变化，变动 range from ...to ... 从……到……不等 ④donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献 ⑤correspond vi.通信 ⑥launch vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事 ⑦satellite n．人造卫星；卫星 ⑧single out 挑选，挑出 ⑨premier adj.最好的；最重要的 ⑩subsequently adv.后来，随后 theory of relativity 相对论 constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的n.常量，恒量 double­check vt.复查，复核 penicillin n．青霉素，盘尼西林 perceive vt.察觉，注意到，发觉 humble adj.谦虚的，谦卑的 accuracy n．准确性；精准度；正确，准确 turn to 求助于；转向；变成 deal with 处理；涉及；与……做生意 joint adj.联合的，共同的，共有的 nothing like 一点儿也不像；没有什么能比得上 circuit n．电路，线路；环形道路 turn on 打开；攻击 go out 出去；熄灭；过时 get sth. done 使某事被做 propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等) unimaginable adj.难以置信的；不可想象的 be dedicated to 致力于；献身于 global village 地球村 there is no doubt ... 毫无疑问…… [难句分析] ❶If引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。 ❷“how to split”是“疑问词＋to do sth.”结构，在句中作宾语。 ❸Although引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 ❹be doing sth. when ...是固定句式，意为“正在做某事，这时突然……”。 ❺“介词＋which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a blue mould。 ❻which引导非限制性定语从句，指代penicillin，作从句的主语。 ❼so ...that ...意为“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句；when引导时间状语从句。 ❽此处是with复合结构；其中现在分词短语作宾语补足语，补充说明computers。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [对应学生用书P104] 1 　entertainment n．娱乐节目；娱乐活动；娱乐；招待；款待 Entertainment and Communication 娱乐和交流 ►情境探究 The entertainment is provided by a folk band，which often entertains people with entertaining programs they like to see. 这个娱乐节目由一个民间乐队表演，它经常用一些人们喜闻乐见的有趣节目娱乐人们。 ►要点突破 ①for entertainment为了娱乐 ②entertain sb. to sth.用某物招待某人 entertain sb. with sth.用某物使某人快乐 ③entertaining adj.有趣的；令人愉快的 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Pets are amusing and entertaining(entertain)，but we are in a way doing animals harm by making them live in a human environment. ②Last year the local government cleared up many illegal entertainment(entertain) places. [完成句子] ③他讲故事、说笑话逗我们开心。 He entertained us with his stories and jokes. ④人们使用社交媒体平台大部分是为了娱乐。 People use social media platforms largely for entertainment． 2 　gifted adj.有天赋的，有才华的 creative，curious，smart，persistent，hardworking，gifted 有创造力的、好奇的、聪明的、执着的、勤奋的、有天赋的 ►情境探究 When young，he had a gift for music，and ever received a piano as a gift. Now he is one of the most gifted musicians. 他年轻时在音乐方面就有天赋，并曾经收到过一架钢琴作为礼物。现在他已成为最具天赋的音乐家之一。 ►要点突破 ①be gifted in ...在……方面有天赋 (be) gifted with ...天生具有…… ②gift n．天赋；才能；礼物 have a gift for ...有……才能，在……方面有天赋 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Caroline doesn't have a gift for music，but she makes up for it with hard work. ②Brian is highly gifted in writing music，and he wants to be a musician like Beethoven. ③I shall think of her as the most gifted (gift) violinist here. [一句多译] ④这个男孩喜欢唱歌，有音乐天赋。 →The boy enjoys singing and has a gift for music． →The boy enjoys singing and is gifted in music． 3 　donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献 Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones. 医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到施行手术，用捐赠的器官做器官移植。 ►情境探究 Tom, as a donor, has donated a large sum of money to society. And he is highly respected for his donation. 汤姆作为一个捐赠者，向社会捐赠了一大笔钱。他因捐赠备受尊敬。 ►要点突破 ①donate sth. to sb.向某人捐献某物 ②donation n．捐赠；捐赠物 give/make a donation to ...向……捐赠 ③donor n．捐赠者，赠送者 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①He drove to the blood bank to make a donation (donate) to the local hospital. ②The donor refused to tell his name after donating a large sum of money.(donate) ③She made a will, in which she said she would donate all of her body parts to those who need them. [一句多译] ④虽然他非常喜欢这本故事书，但他还是把它捐给了慈善机构。 →Much as he liked the story book, he donated it to the charity．(donate) →Much as he liked the story book, he made a donation to the charity．(donation) 4 　correspond vi.通信；相一致 Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. 移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。 ►情境探究 ①Your actions must correspond with your words. 你们必须言行一致。 ②Do you ever correspond with your overseas friends? 你和海外的朋友通信吗？ ►要点突破 ①correspond with sb. 和某人通信 correspond to/with sth. 与某物相一致 ②correspondence n．相符，一致；和……有通信联系 in correspondence with 与……一致；与……有通信联系 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①The marks on the products don't correspond with/to the goods I purchased on the Internet. ②What she just said isn't in correspondence (correspond) with the views of the majority. ③When corresponding with your foreign friends, you should give them your detailed address. [同义句改写] ④It's a coincidence that your account of the events corresponds with hers. →It's a coincidence that your account of the events is in correspondence with hers. 5 　 instant adj.立刻的，马上的 n．顷刻，片刻 Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. 移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。 ►情境探究 It can provide students with instant feedback, including reports about their strengths and weaknesses. 它可以为学生提供即时反馈，包括关于他们的优、缺点的报告。 ►要点突破 ①in an instant立即地 the instant 一……就…… ②instantly adv.立即地 conj.一……就…… ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①In an instant，he took off his coat and jumped into the water. ②I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice instantly(instant) I picked up the phone. [一句多译] ③我一到那儿就会给你打电话。 →I'll telephone you the instant I arrive there． →I'll telephone you instantly I arrive there． 6 　split vi.& vt. 分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分) ... at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. ……同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子。在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。 ►情境探究 ①There's a big split in the tent. 帐篷上裂开了一个大口子。 ②In a severe gale the ship split in two. 在一次强劲的大风中那艘船断成了两半。 ►要点突破 ①split up 分裂；分手 ②split away/off (from ...) (从……)脱离/分裂出去；分离 ③split on sb. (to sb.) (向某人)告发，揭发某人 ④split sth.(between ...) (在……两者之间)均分；分配 ⑤split sth. into sth. 把……分成几部分 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Don't worry—he won't split on us. ②A rebel faction has split away from the main group. ③Steve's parents split up when he was four. [完成句子] ④我渐渐开始认为没有什么事情能把我们分开。 I was gradually beginning to think that nothing could ever split us up． ⑤她按四人一组把全班分成若干小组。 She split the class into groups of four. ⑥他一半时间在伦敦的办事处，一半时间在巴黎的办事处。 His time is split between the London and Paris offices． 7 　relativity n．相对性 Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant—they change according to our experience of them. 爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。 ►情境探究 ①According to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light. 根据相对论，任何物质的速度都无法超越光速。 ②The only stipulation is that the topic you choose must be related to your studies. 唯一的要求是你选的题目必须与你的研究有关。 ►要点突破 ①relate vt.& vi.使有联系；叙述，讲述 be related to与……相关 relate ... to/with ...把……与……联系起来 relate to ...和……有关联；涉及 ②relation n．关系；关联 in/with relation to与……有关；涉及；与……相比 have no relation to与……没关系 ③relationship n．关系；亲属关系 ④relative adj.相对的；有关系的n.亲戚；相关物 ⑤relatively adv.相对地 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①The report related high wages to/with labour shortages. ②What he said relates to what we are discussing now. ③It is considerate of you to call on your relatives(relate) from time to time. ④I need to talk to you on a matter of relatively (relative) great personal importance. ⑤Einstein's theory of relativity(relative) earned him universal esteem. [完成句子] ⑥根据要求，所有的文章都要与学生的生活相关。 It is requested that all the articles (should) be related to students' life. ⑦你在报纸上读了有关这次爆炸的报道了吗？ Have you read the report in/with relation to the crash in the newspaper? 8 　constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的n.常量，恒量 Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant—they change according to our experience of them. 爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。 ►情境探究 ①(2021·全国甲卷)In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现。 ②Surgical techniques are constantly being refined. 外科手术技术正在不断得到完善。 ►要点突破 ①constantly adv.不断地 ②constancy n．坚定不移；恒久不变 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①His report was constantly(constant) interrupted by applause. ②Climate reflects a basic struggle between constancy(constant) and change. [完成句子] ③他不断地谈到他的工作。 He talked constantly about his work. 1 　 the way＋定语从句 Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. 移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。 ►情境探究 ①I don't like the way he speaks. 我不喜欢他说话的方式。 ②Do it the way you were taught. 要按照教你的那样做。 ③I was impressed by the way in which she did it. 她做这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。 ►要点突破 当way表示“方式，方法”，作先行词时，若从句缺少状语，则定语从句的引导词可以是that或in which，也可以将引导词省略。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①It must be the way that you write that leads to your ugly handwriting. ②The way that/which you came up with at the meeting yesterday is well worth trying. [完成句子] ③然而，在电视和收音机里你会听到人们说话方式的不同。 However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak． ④我喜欢我们英语老师上课的方式。 I like the way (in which/that) our English teacher gives his lessons． ⑤只有改变我们粗暴对待环境的方式，我们才能与它和谐相处。 Only by changing the way we treat the environment roughly can we get along well with it. ⑥我喜欢我们一起锻炼的方式，比如跑步和踢足球。 I like the way (that/in which) we exercise together，such as running and playing a football. 2 　“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 He double­checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed. 经过反复检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。 ►情境探究 ①I'll never forget the time during which (＝when) I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记我在乡下度过童年的那段时光。 ②The factory in which (＝where) my father works is far away from the hometown. 我父亲工作的工厂离家乡很远。 ③I don't know the reason for which (＝why) he was late for school. 我不知道他上学迟到的原因。 ►要点突破 ①“介词＋关系代词”在定语从句中作状语，相当于表示地点的关系副词where，表示时间的关系副词when或表示原因的关系副词why。 ②“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词要根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配或句意来确定。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①I had finally come to a place at which I could think in this foreign language. ②This is my classmate from whom I learned the news. [完成句子] ③一天，陶工忘了带他每天拴驴用的绳子。 One day, the potter forgot to take the rope with which he tied the donkey everyday． ④一个孩子能否健康成长一定与他所生活的环境相关。 Whether a child can grow up healthily or not must be related to the surroundings in which he lives． [对应学生用书P109] 1．One movie is classified as pure art, the other as entertainment(entertain)． 2．We must promote originality, inspire creativity and encourage innovation(innovate)． 3．She was an accomplished pianist, a superb swimmer, and a gifted(gift) artist. 4．He was hopeful that the next round of talks would also be productive(product)． 5．They should put warning labels on those dangerous little devices(device)． 6．We need to be more scientific(science) about this problem. 7．You can of course help by giving them a donation(donate) directly. 8．Some news will excite their readers instantly(instant) while others won't. 9．The principle of relativity(relative) is one of the most fundamental principles in physics. 10．Every bank pays close attention to the speed and accuracy(accurate) of its tellers. all over the world, nothing like, not to mention, figure out, one another, at the same time, turn to, deal with, with the development of, according to 1.Our lives will be better and better with the development of science and technology. 2．To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another． 3．Old folk and children alike are all against the proposal, not to mention the youth. 4．It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears. 5．It's impossible to get everybody together at the same time． 6．I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help. 7．Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. 8．It's nothing like what happened in the mid­seventies. 9．Email is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently. 10．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer than non­runners. 1．曾经有一段时间，居里夫人的生活非常艰难。 There was a time when life was very hard for Madame Curie. 2．我们是在九点钟开始看电视的。 It was at nine o'clock that we began to watch TV. 3．这就是我爸爸教我的东西——总是直面困难，抱最大的希望。 This is what my father taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 4．他们考虑了各种因素之后才做出最终决定。 They didn't make the final decision until various factors had been taken into consideration． 5．玛丽的一个缺点是做事时从不关注细节。 One of Mary's shortcomings is that she never cares about details when doing things. 6．没有你们的无私帮助，我们上周就不可能把医生和护士送到地震灾区。 Without your selfless assistance，we couldn't have taken the doctors and nurses to the earthquake­stricken area last week. 7．我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。 I don't like the way (that/in which) he talks with his parents． 8．让我们颇感兴趣的那位歌手梦想着成立自己的乐队。 The singer in whom we have great interest dreams of forming his own band. 9．我一看到他就认出他是餐馆的那个人。 The instant I saw him I knew he was the man from the restaurant. 10．虽然这些措施不会永远有效，但它们现在是至关重要的。 Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now. If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real problem on your hands. But it is possible 1.to single(single) out a few pioneers of the 20th century. One of the 20th century's premier scientists 2.was(be) Albert Einstein. In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man 3.was rocking(rock) his one­year­old baby when he was suddenly inspired. “E＝mc2” was born. Alexander Fleming saw a blue mould in the dish around 4.which the bacteria had been destroyed. This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin. During World War Ⅱ， the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the 5.accuracy(accurate) of their missiles. The navy turned to Eckert, an 6.engineer(engine), and Mauchly, a physicist, to deal with the problem and produce 7.a machine which was the world's first computer to do the job. In 1990, Tim Berners­Lee invented the World Wide Web, which enabled 8.computers(computer) all over the world to communicate with each other. Nowadays, life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable. 9．Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers, the world as we know it today would be a 10.completely (complete) different place. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$