课后提升练(15) Section Ⅴ WRITING WORKSHOP & CLUB 1& CLUB 2（Word练习）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

课后提升练(十五) Section Ⅴ　WRITING WORKSHOP &READING CLUB 1 & READING CLUB 2 [对应学生用书P188] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．100 ℃ is the temperature at which water will boil(沸腾)． 2．Fresh fruit and vegetables provide fibre(纤维) and vitamins. 3．The steam from the kettle(水壶) has clouded the window up. 4．Studies show that social activities usually preserve(保护) old people from the loneliness of old age. 5．I want to illustrate(阐明) my points from the following three aspects. 6．To warm himself，the sailor(水手) sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot. 7．The bomb exploded(爆炸)，trapping victims in the building. 8．It was a scientist called Charles Keeling who made accurate(准确的) measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 9．We have gained some knowledge about electric(带电的) power on physics class at high school. 10．The steam(水蒸气) of boiling water loosened the wallpaper from the green plaster behind it. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．This is a great improvement(improve) on your previous work. 2．The oil truck caught fire and set off a lot of explosions(explode)． 3．Conseil had to keep me up, and our preservation(preserve) depended on him alone. 4．It sells electrical(electric) appliances and home entertainment systems over the Internet. 5．An outdoor run in winter burns more calories because the body is working hard to regulate(regulate) its core temperature. 6．The porridge boiled(boil) over and put out the fire. 7．The farmer has planted masses(mass) of trees on the wasteland, the tallest of which measures 20 metres. 8．He wants to visit European cities，specifically(specific) Paris and Rome. 9．The breakdown was due to a mechanical(mechanic) failure. 10．Differences between budgets，equipment and the availability(available) of skilled workers have created uneven quality from lab to lab. Ⅰ.阅读理解 The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antonie van Leeuwenhoek，a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s，Leeuwenhoek，inspired by the magnifying lenses(放大镜) he used to examine cloth，built some of the first microscopes. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny，rounded lenses，some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times. After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens，Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures，which he called “animalcules”． His observations，which he reported to the Royal Society of London，are among the first descriptions of microbes(微生物)．Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water，rainwater，and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells，observed plant tissue，examined muscle，and investigated the life cycle of insects. Nearly two hundred years later，Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”．This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur's theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax，diphtheria，polio，smallpox，tetanus，and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy． In a 1716 letter，he described his contribution to science this way: “My work，which I've done for a long time，was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy，but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge，which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therefore，whenever I found out anything remarkable，I thought it was my duty to put down my discovery on paper，so that the scientific community might be informed.” 1．Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek? A．A trained researcher with an interest in microbiology. B．A curious amateur who made pioneering studies of microbes. C．A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease. D．A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery. 2．The underlined phrase “this legacy” in Paragraph 3 refers to “________”． A．the discovery of microbes B．Pasteur's theory of disease C．Leeuwenhoek's contribution D．the origin of the tiny organism 3．What does the quote from Leeuwenhoek's letter suggest? A．He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance. B．He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs. C．He was greatly concerned with improving people's living conditions. D．He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress. 4．What is the correct order for the following events? a. Magnifying lenses were built. b. The “theory of disease” was put forward. c. Microbes were discovered in samples of water. d. Leeuwenhoek's first microscopes were successfully developed. e. Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution. A．a­d­c­e­b　　　　　　　 B．d­a­c­e­b C．a­c­d­b­e D．d­a­e­b­c 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了微生物研究的先驱者Antonie van Leeuwenhoek为微生物学所做的贡献及他对自己所做的贡献的看法。 1．B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句可知，Leeuwenhoek没有接受过正式的科学教育；再根据第一、二段的内容可知，Leeuwenhoek制造研究工具去探索微生物世界，他的观察结果是对微生物最早的描述之一。综上所述，Leeuwenhoek是一个充满好奇心的业余爱好者，他做出了开创性的微生物研究。故选B项。 2．C　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词语前面提到的“所有的这些突破都是Leeuwenhoek原先工作的结果”可推知，画线词语所在句表示“Leeuwenhoek没有预见到他所做的贡献”故选C项。 3．D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知，Leeuwenhoek认为把他的发现记录下来是他的义务，这样科学界才可能对这些发现有所了解，由此可推知，他认为分享知识是科学进步的关键，故选D项。 4．A　解析：细节理解题。浏览全文，根据第一和第二段可知，Leeuwenhoek从放大镜上获得灵感制造了显微镜，然后发现了微生物。根据第三段第一句可知，在Leeuwenhoek发现微生物两百年后，即大约19世纪后半叶，“疾病理论”被提出。由最后一段可知，他阐述对自己所做的贡献的看法的信是在1716年写的。故选A项。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 Diversity comes in many forms: gender，race，age，culture，etc. All of these contribute to an individual's unique experience of the world. Here are some reasons why it is significant in all aspects of our lives. ·Productivity Bringing together people of various backgrounds leads to new ideas. 1.______ When tackling an issue，wouldn't it be better to have more than one understanding approach，rather than everyone contributing the same thoughts and conclusions? ·Becoming a World Citizen If you experience diversity in your everyday life，you will be regularly exposed to people，cultures，traditions，and practices that are unlike your own. Not only will you improve your social development，but you will also increase your understanding of the world. 2.______ ·Growing Acceptance Promoting diversity is the first step towards true acceptance. Through growing contact with，and communication between new people，individuals may see that they may have more in common than they thought. 3.______ And that is okay，too! Increasing familiarity with these differences can facilitate acceptance. ·Richer Life Experience Diversity is colorful! What if everyone who surrounded you was exactly like you，in every way? 4.______ We need new ideas，views，and practices to stimulate and inspire us，and to show us the way others eat，celebrate，and love! We must not forget to spread the word about the importance of diversity and to face the world with a love and a celebration of our differences. 5.______ A．Where is the fun in that? B．Or，they may still be remarkably different. C．Everyone has their own way of viewing a problem. D．This will prepare you to be a part of a global society. E．Is diversity something we should fight for in all aspects of our lives? F．Hearing about another's experience can provide you with a different idea. G．Together，our differences make a strong and beautiful world community. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了多样性会以各种各样的形式出现，并且说明了多样性的重要性，同时这些多样性有助于个人体验世界。 1．C　解析：根据此空后的一句“当处理一个问题的时候，拥有不止一种理解方法，而不是每个人都提出同样的想法和结论，这不是更好吗？”可知，C项“每个人都有自己看待问题的方式”承上启下，符合语境。 2．D　解析：此段的标题是Becoming a World Citizen，意思是“成为世界公民”，而根据空前的内容可知，如果你在日常生活中体验到多样性，你就会经常接触到与你不同的人、文化、传统和习俗，你不仅可以提高你的社交能力，还可以增加对世界的了解。这都是为成为“世界公民”做准备，故D项“这会让你准备好成为全球社会的一份子”符合语境。 3．B　解析：根据此空后的“Increasing familiarity with these differences can facilitate acceptance.”可知，对这些差异越熟悉就越容易提高包容度。此处的differences与选项B中的different一致，故B项“或者，他们可能仍然非常不同”引出下文。 4．A　解析：根据此空前的“What if everyone who surrounded you was exactly like you，in every way？(如果你周围的每个人在每一个方面都完全和你一样呢？)”可知，选项A“这样哪里还有趣味呢？”承接上文，说明如果没有多样性，生活就会失去色彩。 5．G　解析：空前讲到我们决不能忘记宣传多样性的重要性，同时，要以爱和赞美差异来面对我们的世界。作者在这里表明差异的作用，选项G“我们的差异共同创造一个强大而美丽的世界共同体”使文章前后保持一致，说明差异性的重要性。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$