课后提升练（15）Section Ⅳ & Ⅴ& Writing（Word练习）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

课后提升练(十五) Section Ⅳ & Ⅴ　Integrating skills & Developing ideas & Writing [对应学生用书P217] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Their company has undergone steady expansion(扩大) recently. 2．He found a suitable place，dug a hole and buried(掩埋) the bag in it. 3．Snow forced many drivers to abandon(丢弃) their vehicles. 4．My niece has always loved looking at the stars，so now she studies astronomy(天文学). 5．Chang'e­5 has finished gathering samples and surface substances(物质). 6．Civilisation(文明) and culture can spread，and so can peace and development. 7．We shouldn't dismiss(拒绝考虑) them just because they're old­fashioned. 8．The government has ordered an investigation(调查) into the accident. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．As a matter of fact，social networks offer a window into how people live their lives. 2．China adopted the most strict prevention and control measures，achieving notable(note) results. 3．Given(give) the number of people we invited，I'm surprised that so few came. 4．The boy is always found buried(bury) in reading books. 5．The students，as well as their teachers，set out to_climb(climb) the hill，which is very beautiful in autumn. 6．Finally he reached an abandoned(abandon) island that was completely cut off from the outside world. 7．The self­driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China，with the latest expansion(expand) in Shanghai in August. 8．The cause of the crash is still under investigation(investigate). Ⅲ.完成句子 1．但是到目前为止，没有其他证据证明其存在。 However，so far there_has_been_no_other_evidence to prove its existence. 2．在此期间，平均每日乘客人数可能会超过4 123万人次。 It_is_likely_that the number of the average daily passengers will exceed 41.23 million during the period. 3．由于埋头工作，他没有注意到时间已经很晚了。 Buried_in_working，he didn't notice it was too late. 4．他会不会讲法语并不重要。 It doesn't matter whether_he_can_speak_French_or_not． 5．你听说他在比赛中获得一等奖的消息了吗？ Have you heard the news that_he_got_the_first_prize_in_the_competition? Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2022·江苏镇江五校高二下期末)Have you ever wondered what happens to all of the old objects launched into space，such as rockets and satellites? It's called space junk，and much of it is still out there now.According to NASA，the definition of space junk is “any man­made object in orbit (轨道) around Earth that no longer serves a useful function”． One large piece of space junk，a disused rocket，hit the dark side of the moon on March 4.The rocket's origin is not clear，but scientists know that it was massive—weighing about 3 tons.It must have left a large crater(坑)，estimated 10 to 20 meters wide，on the moon's surface.It won't be visible right away，but scientists are trying to locate it.“We found the crater，eventually，” Mark Robinson，leading investigator for NASA Lunar Reconnaisance Orbiter Camera，told USA TODAY.Depending on the rocket's location，it could take as long as 28 days. What's significant about this space junk crash is that it draws attention to some of the potential dangers of space junk.First，the accumulation of space junk in Earth's orbit means that satellites and the International Space Station(ISS) are at risk.In 2016，tiny spade(残骸) smaller than a millimeter caused a tiny chip in the ISS' window.Imagine the damage that a larger piece of debris could cause.The European Agency website states that objects “up to 1 cm in size could disable an instrument or a critical flight system on a satellite” while objects over 10 cm “could shatter a satellite or spacecraft into piece”．If it sounds terrifying that's because it is.Any collision with larger pieces of debris could be especially dangerous for manned spacecraft. Leftover rocket debris can contain toxic materials that are harmful to plant and animal life.Some people in Siberia have even reported serious health problems after rocket debris landed in their regions in 2012，a local doctor told the BBC.In addition to potential damage to spacecraft and satellites，space junk also poses a threat to the Earth itself.Crashes can send debris into the atmosphere where it can remain for many decades.Some powerful collisions can even send large debris hurtling(猛冲) toward Earth's surface where it can affect the local environment. 1．Which of the following can be regarded as space junk? A．An abandoned space station. B．A spacecraft orbiting the moon. C．A crater on the moon's surface. D．A satellite working in low Earth orbit. 2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Tracking the rocket. B．Finding out the rocket's origin. C．Cleaning up the space junk. D．Locating the crater. 3．Why does the author mention the damage caused by tiny space debris in 2016? A．To compare the effects of debris of different sizes. B．To prove the space debris problem is getting worse. C．To illustrate the potential dangers of space junk. D．To explain the necessity of removing space junk. 4．What can be inferred about space junk from the last paragraph? A.It's likely to cause a global environmental crisis. B.It can pose a lasting threat if it remains in the atmosphere. C.It's impossible to stop it from entering the atmosphere. D．The toxic materials contained in space junk are the biggest threat it poses. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了3月4日，一枚太空垃圾——废弃的火箭撞上了月球的黑暗面，引发了人们对于太空垃圾潜在危险的关注。 1．A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Have you ever ...out there now.(你有没有想过，所有发射到太空的旧物体，如火箭和卫星，会发生什么？它被称为太空垃圾，其中大部分现在仍然存在。)”可知，所有发射到太空的旧物体都被称为太空垃圾。所以被送入太空的空间站在废弃之后可以被视为太空垃圾。 2．D　解析：代词指代题。根据第二段“It must have left ...trying to locate it.(它一定在月球表面留下了一个大约10到20米宽的大陨石坑。虽然现在还看不到它，但科学家们正在努力定位它。)”以及“Depending on the rocket's location，it could take as long as 28 days.(根据火箭的位置，可能需要长达28天的时间。)”可知，根据火箭的位置，定位陨石坑可能需要长达28天的时间，句中it指代“定位陨石坑”，即locating the crater。 3．C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“In 2016，tiny spade ...spacecraft into piece’．(2016年，小于一毫米的残骸在国际空间站的窗口中造成了一个微小的缺口。想象一下，一块更大的碎片可能会造成多大的损害。欧洲机构网站表示，物体‘长达1厘米可能会使卫星上的仪器或关键飞行系统失效’，而超过10厘米的物体‘可能会将卫星或航天器粉碎’。)”可知，太空垃圾会造成危险，所以作者提到2016年微小残骸造成的损害是为了说明太空垃圾的潜在危险。 4．B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“In addition to ...affect the local environment.(除了对航天器和卫星的潜在损害外，太空垃圾还对地球本身构成威胁。碰撞会将碎片送入大气层，并在那里停留数十年。一些强大的碰撞甚至会将大的碎片冲向地球表面，从而影响当地环境。)”可知，太空垃圾会对航天器、卫星和地球本身构成威胁，如果太空垃圾留在大气层中，它可能会构成持久的威胁。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2022·浙江绍兴高二下期末)A penguin colony in Antarctica that's home to over 18，000 pairs of Adélie penguins suffered a massive breeding failure，with all but two of the babies starving to death when their parents 1.__________(force) to travel further in search of food during this breeding season. According to CNN，the World Wildlife Fund said unseasonably extensive amounts of sea ice around the colony forced the adult penguins to travel further 2.__________(hunt) for food.The babies did not survive the parents' journeys.“This disastrous event contrasts with 3.__________ image that many people might have of penguins，”4.__________(say) Rod Downie，Head of Polar Programs at WWF. Downie continued: “The impact of this event is restricted to this specific colony of Adélie penguins，and predictions are that the Antarctic will get 5.__________(warm) and this may pose different 6.__________(challenge) in the longer term.” Adélie penguins are 7.__________(general) doing well in East Antarctica and there they mostly eat krill，a small shrimp like crustacean.8.__________ they are declining in the peninsula，9.__________ the effects of climate change are already being felt.In addition 10.__________ the climate change，the local penguin population is further threatened because of proposals to open the area to the krill fishing industry. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了南极洲的一个拥有18 000多对阿德利企鹅的企鹅群遭遇了大规模的繁殖失败，除了两只幼企鹅外，其他的都饿死了。据美国有线电视新闻网报道，世界野生动物基金会表示，企鹅群周围异常大量的海冰迫使成年企鹅走得更远去觅食。 1．were forced　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：南极洲的一个拥有18 000多对阿德利企鹅的企鹅群遭遇了大规模的繁殖失败，在这个繁殖季节，它们的父母被迫到更远的地方去寻找食物，除了两只幼企鹅外，其他的都饿死了。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文suffered可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为parents，谓语用复数。 2．to hunt　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：据美国有线电视新闻网报道，世界野生动物基金会表示，企鹅群周围异常大量的海冰迫使成年企鹅走得更远去觅食。分析句子结构可知hunt在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语应用不定式。 3．the　解析：考查冠词。句意：世界野生动物基金会极地项目负责人罗德·唐尼说：“这次灾难性的事件与许多人对企鹅的印象形成了鲜明对比。”根据后文“image that many people might have of penguins”可知此处为特指，应用定冠词。 4．said　解析：考查动词的时态。句意见上题解析。结合语境可知描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。 5．warmer　解析：考查形容词的比较等级。句意：唐尼继续说：“这次事件的影响仅限于阿德利企鹅这一特定群体，据预测，南极将会变暖，从长远来看，这可能会带来不同的挑战。”结合句意表示“更暖的”应用比较级warmer。 6．challenges　解析：考查名词的数。句意见上题解析。challenge为可数名词，由different修饰应用复数形式。 7．generally　解析：考查副词。句意：阿德利企鹅通常在南极洲东部生活得很好，在那里它们主要吃磷虾，一种像甲壳类动物的小虾。修饰动词do应用副词generally，作状语。 8．But　解析：考查连词。句意：但在已经感受到气候变化影响的半岛，它们的数量正在下降。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but，句首单词首字母要大写。 9．where　解析：考查定语从句的关系词。句意见上题解析。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词peninsula，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where。 10．to　解析：考查介词。句意：除了气候变化，当地企鹅的数量也受到了进一步的威胁，因为有人提议将该地区开放给磷虾捕捞业。结合句意表示“除了……还”可知短语为in addition to。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 “北美大脚怪(Bigfoot)” 一直引发人们的热议，请根据下列提示，写一篇关于介绍大自然神秘现象的文章。 1．出没地点：北美； 2．怪物描述：像猿(ape)，高6—10英尺，重约500磅以上，全身覆盖棕色或红色毛发，头和眼睛很大，脚印长达24英寸； 3．发现情况：科学家和研究人员也找到了相关的毛发、粪便(waste)及大脚印等； 4．结论：无其他证据证明其存在，也许是当地传说以吓唬徒步者或猎人。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Bigfoot，which was first seen in North America，is one of the world­famous mysteries. Witnesses described it as an ape­like creature.It was said to be 610 feet tall，weighing over 500 pounds and was covered in brown or red fur with large eyes and a big head.Footprints up to 24 inches long have been found. Teams of scientists and researchers who have gone there to do research have found things related to it，such as waste，fur，big footprints and so on.However，so far there has been no other evidence to prove its existence.Some people think it may be just folk tales or stories to terrify hikers or hunters in North America. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$