Unit 3 Traditional skills 语法Grammar 被动语态(1)-2023-2024学年八年级英语下册单元语法精讲精练（沪教牛津版）

Unit 3 Traditional skills 被动语态(1) （时间：40分钟，满分：100分） 1. 概念：被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系，表示主语是动作的承受者。 二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换(be done) We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 That factory was visited by us last summer. 被动语态 三．被动语态的基本结构： 1.肯定结构:主语（动作的承受着）+ be + 过去分词 （+ by（被，由的意思） + 动作的执行者） 若是代词，用其宾格形式 例：Apple trees are planted in the north. 2.否定结构：主语+be + not +过去分词（vt）+（by+宾语） →Apple trees aren't planted in the south. 3.一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词（vt）+（by+宾语）？ →Are they made in China? Yes, they are. →Was the museum built in 1993? 4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词（vt）？ →What is the machine used for? 被动语态人称，数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 一般现在时：is/am/are +done The classroom is cleaned every day. 一般过去时：was/were +done The letter was written yesterday . 一般将来时：will/shall be + done (am/is/are going to be done ) A new building will be built next year . 四、不能用被动语态的情况 1. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态，如：appear，rise，die，happen，break out，take place等 2. 表状态动词不能用于被动语态，如：hold，have，cost，contain，become，look like等 3. 某些动词的进行时可表示被动，如：The meat is cooking. 肉正在煮着。 五、主动形式表示被动意义。 1. 某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义，如：look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等。 eg：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy. 2. 动名词的主动形式表被动语态，如：want，deserve，need，require，take，worth等。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。 The children need looking after. 孩子们需要照顾。 3. 某些做表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表被动意义。 The conversation is hard to understand. 这个对话很难理解。 The fish is not easy to fish. 鱼不容易上钩。 The passage is difficult to read. 这段文章很难读懂。 一、单项选择(本大题共50小题，每小题2分，共100分) 1．Try to buy one before all the tickets ________. A．will be sold B．will be sold out C．sold D．are old out 2．—The T-shirt feels soft. —Yes. It ________ cotton. A．is made of B．is made in C．is made from D．is made by 3．—How clean your car is! —Thank you. It ________ very often. A．is washed B．washes C．was washed D．are washing 4．These ________ thick wires that are buried under the streets. A．connect to B．connect with C．are