Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language—Grammar 过去分词作状语 [对应学生用书P13] [观察] 1．Disappointed by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend. 2．Treated this way, you're sure to feel hurt—we should always be able to trust those closest to us, and it hurts even more when we find we can't. 3．Approached in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired. [归纳] 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。非谓语动词指在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词。 1．动词的过去分词是分词的一种，规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加­ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。 2．动词的过去分词作状语，相当于状语从句或并列句(句1中的加黑部分相当于原因状语从句Because I was disappointed；句2中的加黑部分相当于时间状语从句When you are treated；句3中的加黑部分相当于条件状语从句If your friendship is approached)。 3．通常情况下，过去分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，与主语之间是被动关系；该动作表示被动、完成；分词可位于句首、句中和句末；过去分词和现在分词在句中都可作状语，但有很大区别。 [对应学生用书P13] 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句或并列句，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、结果或伴随情况等。表示时间、原因、条件、让步时，过去分词可以拓展成相应的状语从句，表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。 1．作时间状语时，相当于when或while等引导的时间状语从句。 Seen from the top of the hill (＝When it is seen from the top of the hill), the school looks like a big garden. 从山顶上看，学校像一个大花园。 2．作条件状语时，可转换为once，if或unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Given more attention (＝If it was given more attention), the fire could have been avoided. 如果多注意点，火灾本可以避免。 3．作原因状语时，可转换为because，as或since等引导的原因状语从句。 Encouraged (＝Because she was encouraged) by the teacher, the girl was very happy. 因为女孩受到了老师鼓励，她很高兴。 4．作让步状语时，可转换为though，although 或even if引导的让步状语从句。 Left (＝Although she was left) alone at home, Jenny didn't feel afraid at all. 尽管珍妮被单独留在家里，但她一点也不害怕。 5．作方式或伴随状语时，常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。 Surrounded by his students, the teacher went into the lab. ＝The teacher was surrounded by his students and he went into the lab. 这位老师被学生围着走进了实验室。 通常情况下，过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致，也就是说，主语与动词之间是被动(动宾)关系。 Encouraged by their teacher, the students worked even harder. 受老师的鼓励，学生们学习更努力了。 由句子含义可看出，句子主语the students是动词encourage的宾语，即动作的承受者，encourage the students“鼓励学生”，故主语the students与encourage之间为被动关系。 Given another hour, I can work out this problem. 再给我一个小时，我能解出这道题。 同样，句子主语I和分词动作give之间为被动关系。 部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。常见的这类过去分词及短语有：born in(出生于)，dressed in(穿着)，faced with(面对)，hidd