内容正文:
必修2 unit 3不定式作定语和结果状语
观察以下句子:
①He has no reason to refuse my invitation.
②The boy is clever enough to solve almost all maths problems.
③It is a fantastic way to exchange experience between them.
④I went to the school gate to see her waiting for me for a long time.
⑤The next train to arrive is from New York.
⑥The old woman lived to be ninety.
总结规律:
(1)①③⑤句中的不定式在句中作________。(2)②④⑥句中的不定式在句中作________。
一、不定式作定语
1.不定式作定语,表示与它所修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
① Li Jin was the first person to arrive at the destination. (=Li Jin was the first person who arrived at the destination.)
李津是第一个到达目的地的人。(被修饰的名词the first person与不定式to arrive at the destination构成逻辑上的主谓关系,可以用定于从句来替换。)
② We need someone to volunteer to pick up the rubbish on the beach. (= We need someone who volunteers to pick up the rubbish on the beach.)
我们需要能够自愿在沙滩上捡垃圾的人来帮忙。(被修饰的代词someone与不定式to volunteer to pick...构成逻辑上的主谓关系,可以用定语从句来替换。)
③ I have something to say so everyone here should be quiet.
我有事情要说,所以大家应该安静下来。(被修饰的代词something与不定式to say构成逻辑上的动宾关系,即say something,且不定式的动作的发出者为句子的主语I。)
④Do you have a lot of work to do?
你有很多工作要做吗?(被修饰的名词短语a lot of work与不定式to do构成逻辑上的动宾关系,即do a lot of work,且不定式的动作的发出者为句子的主语you。)
注意:
(1)不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,如果不定式后的动词为不及物动词时,其后须加上适当的介词。
I am looking for a room to live in.
我正在找一间屋子住。
(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动形式,也可用被动形式,但其含义有所不同。
①Have you anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)
②Have you anything to be sent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”,即不是句子的主语。)
(3)不定式作定语时,呈现的不定式的被动情形。
He refused to attend the meeting to be held the next day.
他拒绝参加第二天举行的会议。(当不定式的动作与被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,且句中无逻辑主语时,不定式常常用被动语态。)
2.不定式作定语的几种情况
(1)表示将要做的事情或将要发生的动作。
①I borrowed some books to read during my summer holiday.
我借了一些暑假要读的书。
②The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of significance.
下次会议上要讨论的问题很重要。
(2)修饰序数词或形容词的最高级等词。
①He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
②The idea was