内容正文:
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
内容提要:
1. 动词不定式用法
2. 短语动词
1、 动词不定式用法
· 新知识学习
1. 动词不定式
(1) 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。它 人称和数的变化,在句中 作谓语。
(2) 动词不定式由" "构成,其中to是动词不定式的符号,没有任何意义。动词不定式的否定形式是: (在不定式符号to 前加not)。
(3) 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语等。
Mum asked me to wash my clothes.
I forgot to close the window.
2. 动词不定式的语法功能
动词不定式作主语
(1) 动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置
To learn English well is very important for middle school students.
· 动词-ing形式作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作
Going to bed early is a good habit.
(2) 动词不定式作主语时,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面,常见的句式
有:
1) 某人做某事是...样的
此句型中形容词通常为修饰人的形容词,如:ice, kind, clever, good, right,wrong,foolish,careless...表示不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质
It is nice of you to help us a lot.
2) 对于某人来说,做某事是...样的
此句型中形容词通常为修饰事物的形容词,如:hard, difficult, easy, important...表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质
It is difficult for the little boy to finish the task(任务)by himself.
3) 做某事花费某人...时间
It took us half an hour to get to the top.
动词不定式作宾语
(1) 以下动词后接不定式作宾语:want,agree, hope, wish, learn, decide,hate, choose,expect,plan...
They agreed to go there with us.
I expect to meet you soon.
We want to go swimming.
· 以下动词后接动词-ing作宾语:suggest, risk, imagine, mind, practice, allow, advise, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like...
Do you mind opening the window?
· 有些动词后即可跟不定式也可跟动词-ing作宾语,但含义不同
try to do
try doing
forget/remember to do
forget/remember doing
stop to do
stop doing
mean to do
mean doing
can’t help (to) do sth.
can’t help doing sth.
· 有些词后接不定式和动词-ing作宾语,意义差别不大,如like,start,begin,hate等。
(2) 如果后接形容词补足语时,则可以用