语法 专题一 第一讲 谓语动词-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（外研版）

explained that he had noticed Jane could hardly bear the 句意：卡森证明了一种浇传千古的筒单的文学形式今天仍然 freezing weather with worn-out clothes.Therefore,he gave 可以被用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。 the scarf to Jane as her Christmas gift.It was obvious that 答案be employed David really received the best gift-一the sweet taste of g.解析考查时态、语态和主谓一致.经过三年的试点， giving. GPNP(大然猫国家公园)将于明年正式成立，GPNP设计 语法 的指导原则是反映“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性， 专题一复杂多变的动词 保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子环后代留下宝贵的 第一讲谓语动词 自然资产”。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语Te [高考真题感知】 GPNP之间为被动关系：叙述客规事实，应用一般现在时。 1,解析考查时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望我长大后 故设空处应为一最现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语用 成为一名动物园管理员。根据空前的“As a little girl'”和空 单数形式。故填is designed. 后的“when I grew up”可短，设空处表示发生在过去的动 答案is designed 作，做应用一轻过去时，故填wished。 l0.解析考查时态和语态。根据时间状语in the Tang 答案wished dynasty可知，此处的动作发生在过去，主语It指代Thg 2.(1)解析考查时态，语态和主谓一致，根据空前的“1nthe Xi'an City Wall与动词build之阿是被动关系，故用一毅过 Ming Dynasty”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，故应用 去时的被动语态， 一般过去时：较高社会阶层的人“被允许”居住在离同心圈的 答案was built 中心揶紫禁城更近的地方，故用被动语态：主语Citizens是 11.解析考查时态和主谓一致。文章的主时态为一毅现在 复数。故摸were permitted 时，讲述现在的一般情况，故此处也应用一般现在时：句子 答案were permitted 的主语为“The remarkable development of this city”,谓语 (2)解析考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在此作调语。 动词应用第三人称单数。放填means.」 联系上下文可知，该何描述的是过去发生的事情，所以空处 答案means 填featured 12.解析考查时态和主谓一致。根据时问状语(ten可知， 答案【eatured 该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓语动词，主语为olya 3,解析句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以首未受保护 small part of a museum's collection,是单数形式，故谓语动 的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入统一管理，以提高 词应用单数形式 效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在tat引导的限制性 答案is 定语从句中作谓语，先行词为significant number of areas,. 核心考点梳理圆 先行词在从句中作主语，根馨“previously(以前)”可知从句 一，动词的时态和语态 的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语为复数，从 考点一 句谓语用复数形式。故填were。 即时演练 答案were 1.will be recorded 2.participated 3.reaches 4,解析考查时态和主谓一致，句意：在过去的五年中，请岸考点二 越了六大湖的34个国家。根据时何状语In the last five即时演练 years可知，应用现在光成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动1.will be playing2.was conducting3.are5 uffering 词用hs。故填has walked.. 考点三 答案has walked 即时演练 5,解析考查时态。句意：中华文化促进会会长在开幕式上致L.have influenced2.have flown3.has topped 辞，根据语境可知“致辞"应是过去发生的事情，用一般过去4.had climbed5.had experienced 时，故填addressed。 考点四 答案addressed 即时演练 6.解析考查时态。句中有时问铁语then,因此这里说的是当L.has been improving2.have been cutting3.had been lying 初人们把那些石头放在固定的位置上（即做成石头台阶）很考点五 难，应用一般过去时。 即时演练 答案was 1.was released 2.are troubled 3.has been established 7.解析考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的l0年里，我来过几4.had been trapped5.is being decorated 次，我惊叹于新与旧的共存，以及一个城市如何能够在不断二、主谓一致 发展的同时保持如此丰富的遗产。分析句子结构可知，设空考点 处在句中作丽语，根据空前的时阿状语以及下文的“was able 即时演练 o”可知，该句讲述的是过去发生的事，且主语I与所给词之 i1.sets 2.reveals 3.are 间为被动关系，故填was amazed。 [巩固训练冲关] 答案was amazed I.语法填空 8.解析考查请态。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。主[语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章生要介绍了自素贞与许 语&simple literary form和动词employ“运用”之可是被动仙的爱情故事，俩人虽历经坎坷，但最终团聚。该救事不仅是 关系，故用被动语态，空前是情态动词，故旗be employed。个爱情故事，还涉及欣赏、奋斗和泰嫩等主周。 高考一轮总复习·英语·WY ·414· l.解析a white snake spirit是从句主语，it指代主语，作 定式”结构。“疑问词十不定式”结构在旬中可作主语，宾 transform的宾语，故应用反身代词itself。句意：这个久经 语，表语等。 考验的故事讲述了一个名叫白素贞的白蛇精，经过几百年的 答案to bite 修炼，授法把自己变成了一位迷人的女士， 2.解析考查非谓语动词。语境表示“上海可能是公认的小 答案itself 笼包之乡”。分析句子结构可知，空前作前置定语，修饰中 2,解析at first sight“乍一看”，为固定短语。句意：她限就 心词home。recognize与被修饰词home之问构成逻辑上的 爱上了受人尊敬的大夫许仙，他们是在一个下雨天在断桥上 被动关系，故用过去分同形式recognized. 相识的。 答案recognized 答案at 3.解析考查非请语动词。空前的them指代上文的xiad 3.解析空处在句中作定语修饰名词1if,应用形容词形式，战 long bao,此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笔里拿出来”。them与 填harmonious。句意：结婚后，这对年轻夫妇经营着一家药 Iift是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth.to be done结 店，过着和谱的生活。 构，意为“允许某事被傲”，故空处填to be lifted。 答案harmonious 答案to be lifted 4,解析convince sb.to do sth.“说服某人做某事”，是固定用 4.解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查 法。此处trick为动词，意为“搬骗”，故填to trick. “leave十宾语十宾语补是语”结构，表示“使我想着下次多 答案to trick 5.解析句中died为动词，应用到词修饰，故填unexpectedly。 吃点”。该圆考查其被动语态的变式结构，在被动语态中， 句意：当许仙看到自己的妻子在喝酒后变成了一条白蛇时， 愿宾补变成主补，设空处wt与句子主语I构成透辑上的 他失控痛哭，意外地死了， 主动关系，做用现在分词wanting。 答案unexpectedly 答案w我nting 6.解析故事发生在过去，应用一段过去时，故填stole。句 5.解析考查非谓语动问。句意：他们要和蜂拥而来的国际 意：白素與从神仙之地偷了一种神奇的草药，使许仙起死 游客，以及来访的中国动物国饲养员交谈，这些动物园侧 回生。 养员会经常来为从中国借来的大熊猫做检查：分析句子结 答案stole 构可知，空处作前置定语，修饰空后的“Chinese 7.解析分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非调语，结合语境 zookeepers”,visit与Chinese zookeepers之间为逐排上的主 可知应用现在分词短语表示主句内容引妃的自然而然的结 调关系，此处意为“来访的中国动物园饲养员”，所以空处需 果。故填breaking。句意：为了救地的丈夫，白素贞用水淹 要填visiting。 没了寺庙，违反了天规 答案visiting 答案breaking 6.解析考查非谓语动词，此处为with复合结构。system of 8.解析分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且 ring roads与build之间是遂辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分 在从句中作主语，指代整个主句的内容，故填whih,句意： 词，故埃built, 最后，这对夫妇的儿子在雷蜂塔前向他的母亲成祭，这导致 答案built 了雷峰塔的倒埽，使这个家庭得以重聚， 7,解析考壹非语动词。此处考查“spend some time doing 答案which something"结构，故填recording。 9.解析句中的stoy为可数名词，此处指这不仅仅只是一个 答案recording 爱情故事，表泛指，且love的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不 8.解析考查非调语动词。结合句意及句中的状语“several 定冠词a times over the last 10 years”可知，visit所表示的动作巳经发 答案 生多次，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。故填 l0,解析连词and连接两个并列谓语deals with和本空，此处 Having visited. 陈述的是现在的事实，应用一毅现在时；句子的主语the cross-species romance与regard之间为校动关系，应用被动 答案Having visited 语态。故填is regarded 9,解析考查单谓语动词。此处不定式作目的状语，所以空处 答案is regarded 填to teach。注意：后面的“or to pass”"也是提示，句意：几千 Ⅱ，写作运用 年来，人们讲遥离官，目的是教训人或传递智慧， 1.Last summer vacation.I.together with several classmates. 答案to teach took part in an exchange program with an American school 10.解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，begins是句 2.Compared with Chinese students,American students are 子的谓语动词，空处为華谓语，与逐辑主语h心fable之问是 more open and active 主谓关系，所以空处填现在分词borrowing。句意：她的寓 3.But we also have a lot in common.like being crazy about NBA 言这样开始，借用了许多古老膏言中的一些熟悉的词语。 4.The American students also benefited much from the program 答案borrowing 第二讲非谓语动词 11,解析考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，s是句子调 高考真题感知] 语动词，空处为非谓语作后置定语。be intended for是固定 L.解析考查非调语动词。分析句子结构可知，“whether 用法，所以空处填过去分词intended,.句意：然而，在简单 (bite)a small hole in it first”相当于一个名词短 的风格背后，却是一个为每个人提供的严肃位息。 语，在句中作decide的宾语，故痕to bite,构成“疑问词十不 答案intended ·415+ 高考一蛇总复习·英语·WY语法回 语法 专题一复杂多变的动词 第一讲 谓语动词 、高考真题感知 [对应答案P414 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Asa1 ittle girl,I (wish】 语法填空“四”法宝 to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 1.慧眼识别标志词 2.(2023·浙江卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the 通过寻找yesterday、tomorrow, Forbidden City,surrounded in concentric circles by the always、since、.in the past few Inner City and the Outer City.Citizens of higher social years,.so far等时间标志词来判定 classes (1) (permit)to live closer to the center of 时态。 the circles.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking 2.瞻前顾后找并列 officials and wealthy businessmen often (2) 表示并列关系的谓语动词往往 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and 时态一致，如and,but引导的句子 pillars(柱子). 时态应该一致。 3.(2022·新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a 3.通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题 时态 significant number of areas that (be)previously 通过题干中的语境暗示也可以 unprotected.bringing many of the existing protected areas 有效解决时态问题。 for giant pandas under one authority to increase 4.熟记固定句型中的时态 effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (l)“be doing…when.”句型中， 4.(2o22·全田甲卷)In the last five years,Cao 主句常用过去进行时，从句常用 (walk)through 34 countries in six continents. 一般过去时： 5.(2022·全国乙w)The chairman of the Chinese Culture (2)“祈使句十and/or十陈述句” Promotion Society (address)the opening ceremony. 句型中，陈述句常用一般将 6.(2o21·新高考I卷)You can't help wondering how 来时。 hard it (be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 7,(2023·全回乙卷)Having visited several times over the 分清主动被动，辨析语态 last 10 years,I(amaze)by the co-existence of old 分析句子结构，发现提示词作 and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich 谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应 heritage(遗产)while constantly growing. 考虑用主动语态：若是被动关系，则 语态 8.(2023·全画甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary 考虑用被动语态。 form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ)today to draw attention to important truths. 223盈 国高考一轮总复习·英语·WY 续表 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 9.(2022·新高考I卷)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP design to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性)of natural ecosystems,preserving biological diversity,protecting ecological buffer zones,and 语态 leaving behind precious natural assets()for future generations”. 10.(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history.It (build)originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复). 1l.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称 city,which is consciously designed to protect the past 和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个 while stepping into the modern world, 原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原 (mean) 主谓 there is always something new to discover here,and I 则和意义一致原则。 一致 could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 12.(2020·新高考I卷)Often,.only a small part of a museum's collection (be)on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research. 核心考点梳理 对应答案P414 一、动词的时态和语态 考点一一般时态 (2)一般现在时的用法 1,一般现在时 ①表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作 (1)一般现在时的构成 或状态。常与always,every time,now and then 主要由动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称 occasionally、often、seldom、never、sometimes、 单数形式用am,第三人称单数形式用s,其他人 usually,every day/night等表示习惯的副词（词 称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形 组)连用。 式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化 He often goes to work by bus,and he takes a 规则是： walk after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天晚餐后 般情况直接加s hate--hates 散步。 discuss-→discusses ②按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的 fix--fixes 结尾为s、x、sh、ch 动作。只限于go、arrive、leave、.start、stay wash-.washes 或-o,在词尾加-es return、begin、come等动词。 teach-teaches Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026 go-goes takes off at 18:20. 结尾为“辅音字母十 carry-carries 看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。 y”,变y为i再加-es study-→studies ③在状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时态时，从 句用一般现在时表示将来。 224 语法回 When I grow up.I will be a nurse and look after (2)一般将来时的用法 patients. 表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。 段时间内经常的动作或状态。常与 2.一般过去时 tomorrow,next year、“in十一段时间”等表示将 (1)一般过去时的构成 来的时间状语连用。“w十动词原形”还可以表 一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。动词的 示说话者临时的决定。 过去式的变化规则是： Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the 变化规则 例词 airport tonight? Don't bother.I'll drive her there. 一般情况在动词后 ook-→looked 一要我给萨拉预约今天晚上去机场的出租 加-ed 车吗？ —不用麻烦了。我会开车送她去那儿。 hope→hoped 以-e结尾的动词后加-d (3)其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 Iike→liked ①“be going to十动词原形”表示按计划、打算要 以“辅音字母十y”结尾 study-→studied 做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 的动词，变y为i再 try-tried Look!Dark clouds are gathering.It is going to 加-ed rain soon,I think. 以重读闭音节或/x.音 stop-stopped 看！乌云正在聚集。我想快要下雨了。 节结尾，词尾只有一个 admit-"admitted Whether in the home or the workplace,social 辅音字母时双写词尾的 permit→permitted robots are going to become a lot more common in 辅音字母再加-ed preferpreferred the next few years. (2)一般过去时的用法 无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动 社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 作。常与often,usually、seldom等表示频度的副 ②“beto十动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职 词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的 责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. yesterday、the other day、last week、the day 到10点你们必须上交试卷. before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 ③“be about to十动词原形”表示正要或即将要 I was always an enthusiastic reader,sometimes 做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语 reading up to three books a day as a child. 连用。 我一直热衷于读书，孩提时有时候一天能读三 Tom was about to close the windows when his 本书。 attention was caught by a bird. -Hi,I'm Peter.Are you new here?I haven't 汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的 seen you around. 注意。 -Hello,Peter,I'm Bob.I just started on [即时演练 Monday. 单句语法填空 一嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附 1.(2023·海南琼海嘉积中学期中)If they show 近见过你 their green codes when entering the facility, —你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚开始住在 their visits (record)automatically. 这儿的。 2.(2023·湘豫名校三模)A total of16 Chinese and 3.一般将来时 Italian volunteers,wearing han fu,an ancient clothing (1)一般将来时的构成 traditionally worn by the Han Chinese. 由“shall/will十动词原形”构成。其中shall (participate)in a parade launched in Venice on Feb. 用于第一人称，w用于一切人称。 17th.2023. 225图 国高考一轮总复习·英语·Wy 3.(2023·广东广州三枚联考)The planet you're Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working looking for is 4.65 billion miles away.Almost no as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I light (reach)it. visited her last year. 去年我去看她的时候，苏珊已经辞去了她的高薪 考点二进行时态 工作，在社区里做志愿者。 1.进行时的构成 ②表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与 现在进行时由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成： when/while引导的时间状语从句连用. 过去进行时由“was/were十现在分词”构成：将来 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle 进行时由“will/shall-+be+现在分词”构成。现在 vesterday. 分词的变化规则如下： 我弟弟/哥哥昨天骑自行车时从车上摔了下来。 (3)将来进行时 变化规则 例词 表示将米某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或 一般情况在词尾直接 进行的动作，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用， ask--asking 加-ing l:at this time tomorrow,by then,from 1:30 to 4: 以不发音的e结尾的 30 tomorrow等。 write→writing 动词，去e再加-ing Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this take-taking afternoon because she will be teaching a class at 以重读闭音节结尾， that time. 且末尾只有一个辅音 begin→beginning 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个 字母，双写该辅音字 swim-swimming 时侯在授课。 母再加-ing [即时演练 单句语法填空 以-ie结尾的动词，变 lie-→lying 1.Next Friday.I will go to another concert.They -ie为y再加ing die--dying play something by Mozart at that time. 2.进行时的用法 2.(2023·四川泸州一模)In2011,Zhu (1)现在进行时 (conduct)a survey along with his colleagues ①表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行 when he saw a plant that he didn't recognize. 的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 3.The World Health Organization warns that We are facing today a strange new world and we millions of people (suffer)from indoor are all wondering what we are going to do air pollution at the present time,which results with it. from the use of dangerous fuels and cook-stoves 我们今天面对的是一个陌生的新世界，并且我们 at home. 都在想我们将如何处理它。 考点三完成时态 Teenagers are damaging their health because 1.完成时的构成 they play computer games too much. 现在完成时由“have/has十过去分词”构成：过 青少年正在损坏自己的健康，因为他们过度沉迷 去完成时由“had十过去分词”构成。 于电脑游戏。 2.完成时的用法 ②表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于 (1)现在完成时 go,come、leave、start、arrive、return、work, ①表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话 sleep,stay、have、wear、run out等动词。 时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的 Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are 时间状语有already、just、yet、never、.before、 running out.We must act immediately before lately、recently、in the last(past)few days years、up to now,till now、so far等。 there's none left. China's high-speed railways have grown from 洪灾区的食品供给快要用完了，我们必须在食 9.000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few 物吃完前马上行动。 years. (2)过去进行时 在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9000 ①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行 千米增长到25000千米。 的动作，常与at that time、at that moment、at ②表示从过去某时开始而延续至今（可能还要延 this time yesterday,at ten o'clock yesterday 续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：“since 表示过去的时间状语（从句）连用。 十时间点”“for十时间段”。 226 语法回 -I remember you were a talented pianist at ③'It is has been十一段时间+since sb,did”“It college.Can you play the piano for me? was/had been十一段时间+since sb.had done Sorry,I haven't played the piano for years. sth.”(自从…以来多久了) 一—我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴 hardly (scarcely)...when.../no sooner...than 师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？ …(一……就…)，主句用过去完成时，从句用 一骰过去时。 抱款，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than ③在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示 the rain poured down. 将来某时前已完成的动作。 我一到家，就下起了倾盆大雨。 Will you come to my office when you have [即时演练 finished your work? 单句语法填空 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？ l.(2023·北京通州三模)Not only are tea-related (2)过去完成时 customs found across the country.but also they ①表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的 (influence)the rest of the world since 动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有 ancient times through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes. 明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语（从句）。 2.(2023·北章西城二模)These beautiful black When walking down the street,I came across faced spoonbills are some of the world's rarest David,whom I hadn't seen for years. birds.The birds (fly)all the way from 沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好 their summer home to this wetland,where they 几年没见了。 will spend the winter.Now,they circle and ②表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的 land. 另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有 3.(2023·广东三模)It is the second year in a row that Suzhou (top)the ranking. before(+从句)、by then、by that time、by the 4.(2023·河南八校押题卷)By the end of the end of,“by the time十从句"等。 expedition,we (climb)12 mountains By the time,Jack returned home from England, peered into 108 nest boxes,tagged 35 small his son had graduated from college. mammals,banded 74 birds and measured more 杰克从英格兰回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕 than a thousand trees.We were tired. 业了。 5.This was the first time I (experience】 ③表示“愿望、打算”的动词（如hope、wnt, sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one expeet,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend) again. 于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的 考点四完成进行时 希望或计划。 1.完成进行时的构成 I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate 完成进行时由have/has been doing或had been doing构成。 him on his marriage,but I couldn't manage it. 2.完成进行时的用法 我本希望送给彼得一份礼物祝贺他结婚了，但我 (1)现在完成进行时 没能做到。 ①常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到 (3)常使用完成时的句型 现在并且会继续进行下去的动作 This/It/That is the first/...time++that sb. I'm tired out.I have been shopping all the afternoon has/have done;This/It/That was the first/.. and I don't seem to have finished anything. time+that sb.had done sth.(这是某人第儿次做 我累坏了。我整个下午都在购物，我好像什么事 某事) 也没完成。 It was the third time(that)he had made the ②表示到日前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进 same mistake. 行的动作。 那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。 I have been calling him many times this morning, ②“t(This)is/was the十最高级十名词十(that) but I can't get through. 定语从句”，从句中的谓语用完成时。 今天上午我给他打了很多次电话，但都没打通。 227 国高考一轮总复习·英语·Wy (2)过去完成进行时 [即时演练] 过去完成进行时主要表示过去某一时间以 单句语法填空 前一直在进行的动作。过去完成进行时由“had 1.Since Zhangjiajie improve its +been十现在分词”构成。表示动作在过去某一 时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间。这一动 transportation and service for long.the city 作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。 now can receive 36,200 tourists per day. She told me that she had been studying French 2.-Tony,why are your eyes red? for 5 years. (cut)up peppers for the last five 她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。（动作仍继续） minutes. She told me that she had been waiting for me for 3.When Alice came to life,she did not know how an hour. long she (lie)there. 她告诉我她已经等我一个小时了。（动作不再继续） 考点五被动语态 1.被动语态的构成形式 (1)被动语态由“be十过去分词”构成，be动词有人称，数和时态的变化。各种时态的被动语态形式如下 (以动词give为例)： 形式 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 am given:is given: was given: shall be given: should be given: 一般式 are given were given will be given would be given am being given: was being given: 进行式 is being given: were being given are being given has been given: shall have been given;should have been given 完成式 had been given have been given will have been given would have been given (2)“get十过去分词”也能构成被动语态，常用于 名师点津 口语中，其中的get已失去原有的词汇意义，而 (1)有些及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态。 接近于be的功能。常见的有get married(结 常见的有have(有)、cost(花费)，lack(缺少)，owm (拥有)、belong to(属于)、take part in(参加)。 婚)、get paid(获得报酬)、get hurt(受伤)、get (2)不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态。 trapped stuck/caught(被困)。 常见的有occur happen/take place(发生)、 2.被动语态的用法 remain(剩下)、break out(暴发)、last(持续)、 (1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时 come out(出版)、come up(被提出)，lose hert(失去信心)、date from/back to(追溯 The parts of a museum open to the public are 到)，run out(用完). called galleries or rooms. 博物馆对外开放的部分被称为展厅或展室。 3.主动形式表达被动意义 (2)需要突出或强调动作的承受者 (1)“系动i词(feel、sound、taste、look,smell、 My washing machine is being repaired this appear,seem,turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep 等)十形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动 week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 形式表示被动意义。 这周我的洗衣机正在维修，所以我不得不手洗 This kind of wool shirt feels soft. 衣服。 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软」 ③228 语法回 (2)当sell、read,cut、wash、write、open,wear, 2.(2023·江苏南通四模)Breathing dirty air run、burn等不及物动词后带副词(well,easily causes the premature death of at least 1,200 等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用 children across Europe each year.Actually, 主动形式表示被动意义。 many thousands more (trouble)with physical and mental health problems that could Have you bought the book that sells well these have lifelong impacts. days?I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 3.(2023·湘豫名校考前热身)So far,through the 你买最近畅销的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适 remote video monitoring system and the use of 合我们青少年。 BDS and other equipment,the intelligent and [即时演练] information-based three-dimension system of the "sky and ground"for biodiversity protection 单句语法填空 (establish). 1.(2023·深圳、长沙=校联考)Now,people can 4.A rescue worker risked his life saving two learn about the history through a documentary tourists who (trap)in the mountains called The Six:The Untold Story of Titanic's for two days. Chinese Passengers,which (release) 5.They are living with their parents for the moment on April 16,2021. because their own house (decorate). 二、主谓一致 考点主谓一致 (2)主语后有with、together with、along with、 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语 except,besides、as well as、rather than等介词 保持一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就 (短语)加名词（或代词）构成的短语时，谓语动词 近一致原则和意义一致原则。 的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 1.语法一致原则 Amy,as well as her brothers,was given a warm 主语的单复数形式决定了谓语动词的单复 welcome when returning to the village last 数形式。 week. 上周埃米和她的兄弟们在回到村庄时，受到了热 (1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语 烈的欢迎。 时，谓语动词常用单数。 I think Tom rather than you is to blame for the All the scientific evidence shows that increasing accident. use of chemicals in farming is damaging our 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 health. (3)and或both…and.连接两个不同的主语时， 所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中越来越多地使 谓语动词用复数形式：但是如果由and连接的两 用化学品正在损害着我们的健康。 个名词表示同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数 To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as 形式。 you think. The poet and writer has produced many works. 学习一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。 这位诗人兼作家创作了许多作品。 名师点津 (4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓 what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一 语动词要与先行词保持一致。 般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则 This is one of the novels that have ever been 谓语动词用复数形式。 written by Mo Yan. What they need most is money while what 这是莫言写过的小说之一。 we need most are textbooks. 他们最需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教 She is the only one of the girls who sings well in 科书。 the class. 她是班上唯一一个唱得很好的女生 229⑧ 国高考一轮总复习·英语·WY 2.意义一致原则 interest in the piano lessons. 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是 不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对 复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数形式。 钢琴课有极大的兴趣。 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语 Either you or one of your students is to attend 动词用单数形式：若被看作构成集体的一个个成 the meeting that is due tomorrow. 员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有 要么是你，要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的 family,class、team、group、public、committee、 会议 government、audience等. (2)由there或here引起的主语不止一个时，谓 The whole class,which is made up of twenty 语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 boys and fifteen girls,were told to stay behind There are three books and a pen on the desk. after school to have an important meeting 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 yesterday. 名师点津 整个班级由20名男生和15名女生组成。昨天 主谓一致的特殊情况 全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会议。 (1)“many a/more than one+可数名词单数 (2)“分数.百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主 形式”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于o「后名词 Many a parent has had to go through this 的数以及其表示的意义：all,some、half,most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取 same painful process. 很多父母都不得不经历了这一段同样痛苦的 决于主语实际表达的意义。 过程。 Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface (2)all,the rest,the remaining、the part等加 of the earth is covered by water. 总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。 主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数 As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of 意义而定。 the buildings in the area need repairing. The first part of the lecture was vivid but the 由于洪水严重，该地区三分之二的建筑物需要 remaining was dull. 修复。 讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分很枯燥。 (3)“the十形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语 时，谓语动词用复数形式。 [即时演练 The young,on the one hand,often consider the 单句语法填空 old conservative;on the other hand,the old 1.(2023·浙江金衢十二校联考)1 am sure you know always consider the young inexperienced. something about Tai Chi.The fluid combination of 一方面，年轻人常认为老年人保守：另一方面，老 slow.graceful movements and lightning-quick 年人总是认为年轻人经验不足。 strikes easily (set)Tai Chi apart from (4)表示时间、距离，重量、金额等的复数名词作 other martial arts. 主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 2.(2023·浙江四校联考)Investigating the way Three thousand American dollars is quite a lot of that dragonflies remain stable during flight actually (reveallhe techniques they use money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说，3000美元是一笔大数目。 to get themselves out of tricky situations. 3.(2023·华中师大一附中适应性考试)Behind 3.就近一致原则 Zibo's sudden fame (be)the efforts and 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决 services of the local government.as well as a 于离它最近的主语的单复数形式 good reputation of local businesses,which (l)由or、either.or.、neither.nor..、not only receive favorable reviews from visitors who but also…、not,but.等连接Not only John and share their experiences online. Tom but also their sister,Mary,takes great ®230 语法回 巩固训练冲关 对应答案P414 【,语法填空 (break)a rule of heaven.Finally,the 阅读下而短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词 couple's son offered sacrifices()to his mother 或括号内单词的正确形式。 in front of the Leifeng Pagoda,8. caused (2023·辽宁沈阳高三教学质量监测三) the pagoda to collapse and enabled the family to Legend of the White Snake(《白蛇传》)is linked to reunite. a love story and is a common household tale in More than 9. love story,the cross- China. species romance deals with themes of appreciation. The time-tested tale goes that a white snake struggles and devotion and 10. (regard)as spirit,with the name of Bai Suzhen,managed to one of China's most famous folk tales. transform 1.(it)into a charming lady Ⅱ，写作运用 after centuries of practice.She fell in love with a 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中动词的 respected doctor.Xu Xian,2. first sight 使用。 when they met on a rainy day on the Broken Hello,everyone!I would like to share with you Bridge. my first travel abroad.1. (去年馨 After getting married,the young couple 假，我和几个同学一起参加了与一所美国学校的交 managed a medicine shop,enjoying a 3. 流项目).During our visit,.we stayed in host families, harmony)life.But the appearance of Fa Hai which gave us an opportunity to learn about American caused a change to their sweet life.Fa Hai society.The main part of our program was to convinced the husband 4. trick)Bai experience the school life.2. (与 Suzhen into drinking a special wine.Xu broke 中国学生相比，美国学生更加开放和活跃) down and died 5. unexpected when Besides,they have less homework and fewer exams. witnessing his wife turning into a white snake after (但我们也有很多共同点，比如 the drink 对NBA的狂热).When the visit was over,I made Bai 6. (steal)a magical herb from the land of the immortals and brought Xu back to life. friends with some American students,who became very Xu was then imprisoned by Fa Hai to the Jinshan interested in Chinese culture.4. Temple.To rescue her husband,Bai Suzhen (美国学生也从该项目中获益匪浅). employed the waters and flooded the temple, 231