语法 专题四 第七讲 定语从句-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（外研版）

国高考一轮总复习·英语·WY 专题四 理清常用句式并列句、三大从句和特殊句式 三大从句，并列句和特殊句式是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢 记语法规则是解题的关键。在写作中灵活运用各种句式也是吸引阅卷老师的法宝之一。 第七讲 定语从句 高考真题感知 对应答案P420 高考真题练 微技能点拨 1.(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, 语法填空“二”谨记 Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast- 1.确定定语从句关系词的解题要领：根据定 paced development of modern life,with 21st-century 语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还 architectural wonders standing side by side with 是关系副词。 historical buildings of the past. 2.关系词应遵循“缺什么，补什么”的原则： 2.(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the (1)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主 heart of America all life seemed to enjoy 语，限制性定语从句中用who/that:非限制 peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,"her fable begins,. 性定语从句中用who: 3.(2023·全国甲卷)Yet,the form of the fable still has (2)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少完 values today, Rachel Carson says in "A 语，限制性定语从句中用who/hat/whom: Fable for Tomorrow,” 非限制性定语从句中用whom: 4,(2o22·新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide (3)如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语 stronger protection for all the species live 或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that: within the Giant Panda Range and significantly 非限制性定语从句用which: improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (4)如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中 5.(2022·全国甲卷)On the1,100-Kilometer journey, 缺少时间状语或地点状语，则用when the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at where:如果缺少主语或宾语，则用that the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and which: counties in three provinces. (5)在“介词十关系词”引导的定语从句中， 6.(2021·浙江卷)BMI is an internationally recognized 如果先行词指人，则关系词用whom:如果 measurement tool gives an indication of 先行词指物，则关系词用which。 whether someone is a healthy weight. 7.(2020·金国Ⅲw)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike. 8.(2020·北京w)Some university students carried out a campaign they spent their whole day without cell phones. 9.(2020·江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online.from students can choose for free. ③266 语法回 核心考点梳理 对应答案P420明 考点一关系代词引导的定语从句 (4)先行词被the only、the very(正是，恰是)，the 1.关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在 last修饰时。（如先行词指人，可用who代替 定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子 that) 成分。 (5)先行词含有人和物两者时。 (6)先行词在主句中作表语，或关系词在从句中 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 作表语时。 主语、宾语（限制性定 3.只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况 who 语从句中可省略)、 (1)先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。 表语 (2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介 宾语（限制性定语从 词位于关系代词之前时。 whom 句中可省略) (3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替 主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。 whose 4.as、which引导的定语从句 (=of whom/ 人或物 定语 as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时，指代 of which) 整个主句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在 主语、宾语（限制性 that 人或物 主句之前、之后或句中：wich引导定语从句指代 定语从句中可省略) 前面整句话的内容时，通常位于主句之后或句中。 物 主语、宾语（限制性 The number of smokers,as is reported,has which 定语从句中可省略) dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已 as 人或物 主语，宾语 经减少了百分之十七。 He failed in the exam,which made his father Do you know the man that/whom Mr White very angry. introduced just now? 他考试不及格，这使得他爸爸非常生气。 怀特先生刚才介绍的那个人你认识吗？ 名师点津2 Our monitor is the boy whose father is a lawyer. 我们的班长是那个男孩，他的父亲是一名律师。 (1)as常用在下列习惯用语中：as often The little problems that we meet in our daily happens,as I can remember,as is often the lives may be inspirations for great inventions. ease,as is expected、as is known to us、asis 在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发 shown等。 明的灵感来源。 (2)“such/s0…that…”意为“如此…以至于 The old man (whom,who that)my grandpa is …”,用来引导结果状语从句：而“such/s0 playing chess with is an old friend of his. 5”意为“像…这样…”，用来引导定语 那位正和我爷爷姥爷下国际象棋的老人是他的 从句，3在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 一位老朋友。 (3)“the same…that”表示同一个人或物， 2.只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况 而“the same…as.”表示同一类的人或物. (I)先行词是all、everything,anything、nothing、 something,little、much,none、few、the one等不 定代词时。（如先行词指人，可用who代替that) 即时演练] (2)先行词被all、any、few、every、.no、little, 单句语法填空 much、some等词修饰时。（如先行词指人，可用 l.(2023·郑州三模)Toh's love for the Chinese who代替that) bamboo flute started in elementary school. (3)先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰或先行 clear sound guided him onto the road 词本身是序数词时。 of flute learning. 267 国高考一轮总复习·英语·Wy 2.(2023·安徽重点中学联考)Spring tea during 名师点津 Grain Rain is rich in vitamins and amino acids, (1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地，点的名词，如 can help to remove heat from the body point、.situation、case,stage等时，如果引导词 and is good for the eyes. 在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导 定语从句。 3.(2023·湖北六校秩考)The researcher also (2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副 threw light on a truth that around 50,000 词when:意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 microfibers fell off the surface of jeans (3)当先行词wy意为“方法，方式”，且在从 would find their way into our bodies every time 句中作状语时，可用that、in which或省略关 they were cleaned. 系词这三种形式。 4.(2023·山西运城联考)According to IBM,it is the I have come to the point where/at which I can't stand him. first machine can debate complicated 我已经到了无法客忍他的地步。 topics with humans. 5.(2023·广西桂林十八中月考)In the show,the 即时演练 actors and actresses are also joined by designers 单句语法填空 will create products based on what 1.(2023·辽宁重点中学联雪)According to0 they see. experts,this type of Chinese folk art originated from the Ming Dynasty sugar animals 6.(2023·廿肃天水一中段考)Some people and figures were created as part of ceremonies intention is to make big money for sacrifice. appreciate being given any chance to multiply 2.(2020·天球卷)Mr.Smith owned this oil their income, believing that is where their painting until the early 1990s he gave happiness lies. it to his grandson. 3.Woesler said that one of the reasons 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 modern Chinese literature has attracted him is that many works have strong regional 关系 在从句中 与“介词十关系 先行词 characteristics. 副词 的作用 代词“的关系 4.Adolescence is an important period in a person's growth guidance is badly needed in 表示时间的名词： 作时何 at/in/on/ when shaping the characters of the teenagers. time,day,year等 状语 during which 5.Some people grow up in more formal families 表示场所的名词！ hugging isn't common.Others may 作地点 in/at/to.on park,place.country where experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant. 状语 which house等 考点三“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常 表示理由的名词： 作原因 why -for which 用whom,指物时常用which。whose可以转化为 the reason 状语 “he十名词+of which.'whom”。另外，whose也可 We live in an age when more information 以放在介词后，即“介词十whose-十名词”结构 available with great ease than ever before. Some experts think reading is the fundamental 我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都更容易获得 skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本 更多信息的时代。 技能。 Can you tell me the reason why(=for which)you The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny, are late again? are prizes for us. 你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？ =The books on the desk,the covers of which I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, are shiny,are prizes for us. 桌上封面亮闪闪的那些书是我们的奖品。 where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. He was the man from whose room the thief had 我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到 stolen his bag. 了湖光美景。 他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 268 语法回 名师点津 [即时演练 注意“名词/代词/数词十介词十关系代词 单句语法填空 结构 L.(2021·天津卷)William Hastie once suggested He told us a story in English,the meaning of that history informs us of past mistakes from which I couldn't understand completely. we can learn without repeating them. 他用英语给我们讲了一个故事，我不能完全 2.(2023·山东济宁三模)China has many museums 理解它的意思。 in the collections of cultural relics are There are about 400 students in our grade, beyond count.It would be a pity if so many cultural most of whom are from Haidian District. 我们年级大约有400名学生，其中大多数来 relics and cultural heritages were only displayed in 自海淀区。 museum cabinets,lifeless and cold. Last Sunday I bought some books from the 3.Hua Mulan,the story of has been told bookstore,three of which were English by generations in China,is a fighter from the novels. Northern Wei Dynasty(386-534). 上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是 4.In Lima,the capital of Peru.there are more than 50 英文小说 Chinese medicine clinics,about 70 percent of were set up by local doctors. 巩固训练冲关 对应客案P421 I,语法填空 (brain)reward system,but the happiness is short- 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词 lived because it's not the deep reward of real 或括号内单词的正确形式。 comfort. (2023·惠州第一次烟研考试)Sometimes But there is something in the ability of comfort when we eat,what we're hungry for isn't food- foods 10. arouse)the belonging and it's the taste of the memory.Studies show that memory.Taste and smell stay fresh for a long time. foods we think of 1. comfort foods don't Ⅱ，写作运用 contain any magical properties.What might be 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意定语从句的 comforting 2. (be)the feeling of closeness 运用。 to other people they can bring. 1. (众所周知)，senior high Thoughts about comfort foods 3. (link) school life is an important turning point and to calories,warmth or a sense of well-being.But what 2. (高中校园是学生学习 we don't think about is that comfort foods also provide 和生活的重要场所)，My classmates and I decided something social for us,according to Shira Gabriel. to do something for the coming graduation. 4. associate professor of psychology at the Having had a heated discussion,we agreed on University of Buffalo.Gabriel's study found that making a video to record our experiences at people 5. have strong bonds with others are school. more likely to use comfort foods after an argument or Material collecting took us a whole week, other emotionally 6. (stress)occasions. (在此期间，我们采访 Comfort foods are often thought to be rich in 了我们的老师，并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面) calories or full of sugar.Nevertheless,other Some compromises were unavoidable,but the video studies have also 7. (evident)shown that turned out to be perfect.4. (播放 the line between comfort and food isn't as clear as 录像的那-一天)，it was well received.The students “junk food=happiness”.8. and teachers shared a great time,5. eat)so- called“junk food”does activate the9. (这当然给了我们很大的成就感). 269@考点三 专题四理清常用句式并列句，三大从句和特殊句式 即时演练 第七讲定语从句 1.with 2.to 3.for 4.from 5.to 「高考真题感知] [巩固训练冲关 L解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从 【,语法填室 句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为place,故旗that/which。 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，本文主要讲迷了一周四天工 答案that/which 作制这一新兴形式薇受欢迎。这种工作制在保证生产效率的 2.解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性 同时，还能让员工不再感到精菠力竭，也使得他们的健康水平 定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地 有所提高，工作和生活更加平衡。 点状语，故填where.。语境：在美国的中心地带曾经有一个 1,解析考查副词。此处修饰形容词successful,应用副词 小镇，那里所有的生命似平都享受着与周国环境的和平 答案remarkably 共处。 2.解析考查非谓语动。lead to sb.doing sth.“导致某人做 答案where 某事”为围定搭配， 3,解析考查定语从句，分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制 答案moving 性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此 3.解析黄查名词。根据句意和空前的gained可知，此处作宾 处表示“正如”，所以空处填as。句意：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡 语，需使用名词形式。 森在《明天的窝言》中所说的那样，这种离言形式今天仍然有 答秦popularity 价值。 4解析考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引 答案as 学非限制性定语从句，先行词为The trials,指物，关系词在4.解析考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫国家公园台在为生活在 从句中作主语，故填which 大熊猫栖息地的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改养该 答案which 地区的生态系统健康。分析句式结构可知，此处缺少定语从 5.解析考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空 句关系代词。先行词为pecies,且先行词前为all修饰，尺能 处作调语。此处时态应与上文时态保持一致，应用一般过去 用关系代词that。故填that。 时：主语h与report之间是被动关系，应用被动语态：主语t 答案that 为第三人称单数。故端was reported. 5.解析考查定语从句。句意：在1100千米的旅程中，8岁时 答案was reported 因一次车祸失明的男子曹康穿过了三个省的40个城市和 6.解析考查副词的比较级。根据句意及stressful可知，此处 县。根据句式结构可知，设空处所在句子为非限定性定语从 表示“压力更少”，所以应用lite的比较级，意为“更少地”。 句，修饰先行间the man Cao Shengkang,先行词在从句中作 答案Iess 主语，放用关系代词who引导。故填who: 7.解析考查冠词。根据句意及后文的success可知，此处 答案who succes5表示“成功的事物”，是可数名词，此处表泛指，因此6.解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从 需使用不定冠词，且complete的发音以辅音音素开头，应 句，先行词是tool,关系词在从句中作主语，应用thnt/ 用推。 which. 答案a 答案tht/which 8.解析考查名词的复数形式。分析句子结构可知，ad连接7解析考查定语从句。本句主句为到装句，主语an artist为 两个句子，空处为ad后的句子的主语，霸使用名词，因学到先行词，后接定语从句，空处与共后名词paintings之问构成 的经验教训不止一个，所以需使用名词的复数形式 所属关系，应用whose.。 答案le%sOns 答案whose 9,解析考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示不会糊害他们的8解析考查定语从句，分析子结构可知，室处引导定语从 收入，因此填介词without. 句，先行词为campaign,空处在从句中作地点状语，应用 答案without where. 10解析考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处为系动词 答案where feel的表语，应用形容词attached,意为“兼常喜欢…的”。9.解析考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，介词from和空 答案attached 处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Many lessons,.指物，应用 Ⅱ.写作运用 which. 1.How is everything going 答案which 2.which is easy for you to understand 核心考点梳理 3.ineluding a fascinating collection of masterpieces 考点一 4.you will have a good knowledge of this form of art 即时演练 5.give it a try 1.whose 2.which 3.that/which 4.that 5.who/that 6.I hope you will like the book and find it helpful 6.whose 高考一轮总复习·英语·WY ·420· 考点二 2.senior high school campus is an important place where 即时演练 students study and live 1.when 2.when 3.why 4.when 5.where 3.during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures 考点三 of every aspect of school life 即时演练 4.That day when the video was played 1.which 2.which 3.whom 4.which 5.which surely gave us a great sense of achievement [巩固训练冲关] 第八讲名词性从句 【,语法填室 高考真题盛知 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，研究表明安慰食品并设有什 1,解析考查表语从句。根搭何意“他们还商要随时准备好接 么神奇的特性，令人感到慰藉的可能是它们带来的和其他人的 受国际记者的莫文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语老师的 亲近感。 原因”可知，此处考查固定句型This is why:,所以空处需要 1.解析考查介词。比处考查团定表达think of.…as,,意为 填why. “把…看作…”，故空处填a5 答案why 答案as 2,解析考查主语从句。本空引导主语从句，且在从句中作主 2.解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空语，意为“…的事物”。应用What 前为主语从句，空处作主句的谓语。结合语境可知，此处讲 答案What 述的是客观事实，时态为一般现在时：单个的从句作主语时3.解析考查宾语从句，分析句子成分可知，“ could 谓语动词用单数。故空处填s。 be hunted or gathered from the wild”作介词on的宾语，从句 答案 部分缺少主语，又根据句意，此处指“什么”，故用what引导 3,解析考查动词的时态，语态和主谓一致。结合上下文可 宾语从句： 知，此处陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时：主语Thoughts 答案what 与ink之问是动关系：且主语为复数。故空处填are4.解析考查同位语从句。本句含有一个司位语从句，解释了 linked. 名词evidence的其体内容，空处在从句中不充当成分，也无 答案are linked 间汇意义，所以用that. 4.解析考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处作Shira Gabriel 答案that 的同位语，是对其身份的介绍，表泛指，且associate的发音[核心考点梳理] 以元音音素开头，故空处填n, 考点一 答案an 即时演练 5.解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从1.whether2.What3.that4.It 句，先行词为表示人的名词people,从句中缺少主语，故空处考点二 填who/that。 即时演练 答案who/that 1.what 2.how 3.how 4.whatever 5.whether 6.解析考查形容词，空处修饰后面的名词occasions,需用形容考点三 词，此处意为“令人在情感上感到压力大的其他场餐”，故空即时演练 处填stressful. 1.that 2.that 3.because 4.why 5.whether 答案stressful 考点四 7.解析考查副词。空处修饰动词，需用副词，故空处填 即时演练 evidently. 1.that 2.whether 3.that 答案evidently 巩固训练冲关] 8,解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“ 50 I.语法填空 ealled 'junk【aod””为非谓语动词短语作主语，且表示“吃所[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。全球气候变暖导政做地冰融 谓的垃圾食品”，故空处填Eating,注意首字母大写。 化，以及邓风、热浪，洪水和干旱等极端天气事件频发。为应对 答案Eating 气候变化，许多国家达成协议，以减少温室气体的排故。 9,解析考查名词所有格，分析句子结构可知，此处修饰空后1.解析考查动词不定式。根据句子结构和该句中的“tomt 的名词短语reward system,且会所属关系，表示“大脑的”，（融化）”可知，空处与此对应，故也用动词不定式。cause…td 故空处填brain's. d0为固定用法，表示“导致…敏…”。 答案brain's 答案to rise 10,解析考查非调语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是不定2.解析考查名词的单复数形式，心vt为可数名词，根据该 式作后置定语修饰ability,故空处填to arouse。 句中的”such as hurricanes,heatwaves,droughts and 答案to arouse s"可知，极缠天气事件有恶风，热浪，洪水，干早等，故用 Ⅱ，写作运用 复数形式， 1.As is universally known 答案events ·421· 高考一轮总复习，英语·WY