语法 专题二 第五讲 形容词和副词-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（外研版）

2.解析考查副词。空处修饰形容词friendly,应用副词。故5.解析考查形容词，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词 填environmentally。 development,应用形容词。故填remarkable“非凡的，卓 答案environmentally 越的”， 3.解析考查名词的复数形式。分析句子结构可知，空处应填 答案remarkable 名词作with的宾语，stop表示“车站”时是可数名词，由空前6.解析考查形容词。be different from“与…不同"是圆定 的three可知，此处用复数。故填stops. 短语，此处作状语，且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写，故 答案stop5 Different。. 4.解析考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处指代the route,. 答案Different the route表示物，且属于第三人称单数，应用代词it。 7.解析考查副词。mean在此处是动词，应用副词修饰，所以 空处填originally 答案t 答案originally 5.解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词know后 8.解析考查形容词。空处修饰空后的名词homes,.应用形容 是“特殊疑问词十动词不定式”结构充当宾语，由此写知，空 同，所以空处填spacious 处应填不定式。故填to join。 答案spacious 答案to join 9.解析考查形容词比较级。空处与空前的smaller相呼应， 6.解析考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导 表示在设计和装饰方面更简单，所以空处填simpler, 定语从句，先行词是rnd,关系词在从句中作地点状语，放用 答案simpler 关系副词where引是. [核心考点梳理] 答案where 考点一 7,解析考查形容词。空处修饰名词r0ad,且空前有，故滇即时演练 形家词作定语。 1.sharply 2.wealthy 3.gently 答案dangerous 考点二 8.解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处需填非谓 即时演练 语动词作状语，动词accompany与kids之间是逻排上的动L.largest2.highest3.better4,smaller 宾关系，故用过去分词形式。 5.lower 6.finest 答案accompanied 考点三 9.解析考查介词。be separated from表示“与…分离”，为 即时演练 1.eventually 2.daily 3.undoubtedly 固定搭配。 巩因训练冲关 答案from 1.语法填空 lO.解析考查圭词，极据healthier,quieter和better可知，彐 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一个可食用 者是并列关系，应用连词nd连接。 图书节，在这个节日里，参与者可以用食物制他与图书相关的 答案and 作品，并提交评委评审， Ⅱ，写作运用 l.解析考查非谓语动可。分析句子结构可知，word与print 1.one of your customers 之河是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处应用过去分词形式作首 2.much to my disappointment 里定语，故填printed 3.the cover of one book was torn 答案printed 4.deliver a new set of books to me 2.解析考查诃形转换。空后为名词reader和eater,因此空 5.the process of your dealing with my complaint 处需要旗形容词enthusiastic.. 第五讲形容词和副词 答案enthusiastic 高考真题感知】 3.解析考查定语从句。分析何子结构可知，空处引导定语从 L,解析考查形容词。空处与空前的形容词ot并列，修饰空 句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填where。 后的名词$oup,故空处填形容词tasty。 答案where 答案tasty 4.解析考查代词。结合句意可知，空处指代前面的名词 2.解析考查晶词。此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修 projects,作present的宾语，所以滨them. 答案them 饰，故填rarely“几平不” 5.解析考查介词。此处考查同定表达be based on,意为“以 答案rarely …为基础”，所以填0n。 3.解析考查形容词。根据空前的并列连可and可知，空处与 答案on 空前的形容词comfortable并列，同作fel的表语，因此，空6.解析考查名词的复数形式。结合句意和空前的different可 处地霸要填形察词。故填confident。 知，空处需要用名词复数，所以填meanings。 答案confident 答案meanings 4.解析考查副词。分折句子结构可知，空处作副词修饰整个7.解析考查词形转换。结合空首的形容词p0可知，空处 句子。由于本空位干句首，首字母需要大写，所以空处需要 要用名词，再结合前面的A可知，此处雪要用名词的单数 填Basically。 形式，所以填winner。 答案Basicnlly 答案winner 高考一轮总复习·英语·WY 418· 8.解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空8.解析考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中华古茶博物馆正式 处应用不定式作目的状语，空处位于句首，应注意首字母大 渴牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遭真一普洱茶专题晨。 写。故填To make 名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 答案To make 答案its 9,解析者查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处为“The Tail of9.解析考查代词。与前面的it will always stick in the Peter Rabbit'”同位语，表示其的特征，此处表泛指，且title的 visitor's memory呼应，这里表示“It sure sticks in my 发音以辅音音素开头，所以演丑。 memory,”,因此，本空填名词性物生代词mine, 答案a 答案mine 10,解析考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空10解析考查代词。此处是说地的房子也反块了地自己，应 处在句中作谓语动词。结合整，文章可知，光处时态为一 用反身代问herself. 般现在时：主语many of these festivals与hold之间为被动 答案herself 关系：主语many of these festivals为复数概念。所以填are 11.解析考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作 held. ind的宾语，琴用人称代词的宾格。they的缤格为them。 答案are held 答案them Ⅱ，写作运用 12.解析考查介词。by hand“用手工”，是固定誉配。故 1.I'm more than delighted that you show such great interest in 填by。 China 答案by 2.Iwill iry my best to write to you as ofen as possible to13,解析考查分词。fromto为固定搭配，表示“从…到 introduce you the Chinese culture …”。 3.show you around some famous historical places of interest 答案to 4.Anyway,I am going to help you as much as I can l4.解析考查介词。take responsibility for“对…负责”，是 专题三不可忽视的小词一代词，冠词和介词 固定短语。句意：地警告社会面格的环境危险，并教导人们 第六讲代词，冠词和介词 必须承担起拯救环境的责任。 [高考真题感知] 答案【or 1.解析考查冠词。句意：肉结应该是新鲜的，带着一丝甜味， 15.解析考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示北京作为中间 包裹肉笛的汤是热乎的，清逝可口的.。0u心h作名词时表示 的首都，所以空处填3。 微量，a touch of为围定搭配，表示“一点儿，少许”。 答案a5 答案a 核心考点梳理 2,解析考查冠词。空后为可数名词单数anguage,因此，空 一，代词 处考盛使用冠词起限定作用，概据language后的used for 考点一 the medical training instructions可知，此处表特指，所以空 即时演练 处应该填定冠词the。 1.its 2.me 3.them 4.themselves 答案the 3.解析考查冠词。此处特指草根北京人的文化，所以空处 考点二 填the, 即时演练 答案the 1.it 2.It 3.it 4.it 4.解析考查冠词。句意：他的一个朋友吴凡在旅行中自凰成 考点三 为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应 即时演练 用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a,故填A, 1.other 2.those 3,both 4.another 答案A 二、冠词 5,解析考查冠词。何意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园 考点一 的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。times在此表示“倍 即时演练 数”，常用于"A十be+…times十the十size/length/height/… :1.the 2.a 3.a 4.the 十of十B”结构，表示“A是B的…倍”。故填the。 考点二 答案the 即时演练 6.解析考查冠词，句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京晋L,he2.the3.a4,a5.he 商博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这三，介词 一节日，所以用定冠词。故填the 考点一 答案the 即时演练 7.解析考查代讨。此处用形容讨性物主代词their作定语，1.by2.in3.by4.by5.Without 修饰空后的名词contents,.表示“不会使小笼包开裂，或者溢考点二 出小笔包里的任何东西”。 即时演练 答案their 1.as 2.from 3.on 4.on 5.of ·419· 高考一蛇总复习·英语·WY语法回 第五讲 形容词和副词 高考真题感知 [对应客案P叫18 高考真题练 微技能点拨 L.(2023·新高考全国I卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings),those amazing 语法填空“六”谨记 constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, (taste)soup 1.看到空格处修饰的 and sweet,fresh meat,are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 是名词，要想到用 2.(2023·新高考I卷)No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer 形容词。 basket is (rare)enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always 2.看到空格处修饰的 left wanting more next time. 是动词，形容词、副 3.(2023·新高考Ⅱw)Since June2017,right before the arrival of the two new 词或整个句子，要 pandas,Meng Meng and Jiao Qing.I have been helping the panda keepers at 想到用副词。 the zoo to feel more comfortable and(confidence)speaking English. 3.看到与than连用， 4.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)So,what are they learning？ (basic),how to 要想到用形容词或 describe a panda's life. 副词的比较级。 5.(2023·全国乙卷)The (remark)development of this city,which is 4.看到定冠词the,要 consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern 想到用最高级。 world,means there is always something new to discover here,and I could be 5.看到and、or,but等 photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 并列连词前或后用 6.(2o23·全图甲w)(difference)from traditional fables,Carson's 的比较级，要想到 story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 用比较级。 7.(2023·浙江卷)The term“hutong”, (original)meaning "water 6.看到语境中暗含比 well"in Mongolian,appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 较含义，要想到用 8.(2o23·浙江卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly,lined by 比较级（二者之间） (space)homes and walled gardens. 或最高级（三者及 9.(2o23·断江w)Their siheyuans were far smaller in scale and 以上)。 (simple)in design and decoration,and the hutongs were narrower. 核心考点梳理· L对应答案PM18] 考点一 形容词与副词的基本用法 和家人团聚，聊起过去的时光真是一件美妙 1.形容词和副词的句法功能 的事。 Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may 词性 功能 seem strange.but they are important. 在句中作定语、表语、补语和状语（说 形容词 一些文化用餐礼仪可能看起来很奇怪，但很 明主语的状态、性质和特征等) 重要。 在句中作状语，修饰动词（短语）、形 副词 The aim of education is to teach young people to 容词、副词、介词短语和句子等 think for themselves and not follow others It's a wonderful thing to be back together with blindly. my family and talk of the old times. 教育的目的是要教会年轻人独立思考，不要盲目 地听从他人。 249® 国高考一轮总复习·英语，WY 名师点津 [即时演练] 有些副词如fortunately、luckily、surprisingly、 单句语法填空 honestly、actually、personally、obviously等作 1.(202I·浙江卷)But30 years later,.the BMI 评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子，对整个句 difference between urban and rural people in 子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看 many countries had narrowed (sharp). 法。通常置于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。 2.(2020·新高考全国I卷)1nthe181hand19th centuries, Obviously,a good habit can help us to speed (wealth)people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art. up to reach our destinations. 3.(江s苏卷)Steve moved to the piano and sat at the 很明显，一个好的习惯可以帮助我们加速到 bench,hands trembling as he (gentle) 达目的地。 placed his fingers on the keys. 2.常用的连接性副词 考点二比较级和最高级的用法 高考对形容词和副词的比较等级的考查主要 though一般用于句末， yet置于句首，意为 体现在两个方面：一是通过标志词than或表比较 意为“然而，可是”，表示 “但是，然而”，表示 意义的语境，推出用比较级或最高级：二是考查一 转折 转折 些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。 1.等级用法的固定句型 however 意为“然 meanwhile意为“在此 (1)同级比较：“as十形容词副词的原级十as”: 而”，表示让步和转 期间”，表示两个动作同 其否定形式：“not as/so十形容词/刷词的原级十 折，常用逗号与句子 时发生 as”。 其他成分隔开 Although he was disabled,he tried to lead as therefore/consequently/ instead意为“反而， normal a life as possible. thus意为“因此，所以” 代替”，表示相对的 虽然他是残疾人，但他努力过上尽可能正常的 表示结果 情况 生活。 (2)比较级：“形容词副词的比较级十than” moreover/furthermore/ anyway.'anyhow意 “more,less十多音节或某些双音节的形容词或 additionally/besides意为 为“无论如何，即使 副词十than”。常见的修饰比较级的词汇有any、 “此外”，表示递进 这样”，表示让步 much,even,far,by far,alot、a great deal等， The book is far more interesting than the books I A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the have ever read. damage it caused had driven away a number of 这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。 birds.Besides,the number of snakes had (3)最高级：“the+形容词的最高级（十名词）+ declined as well. 比较范围(in/of/among短语)”“one of the十形 那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水 容词的最高级十名词的复数形式”。常用来修饰 造成的损失赶走了许多鸟类。此外，蛇的数量也 最高级的词汇有by far,almost以及序数词等。 减少了。 Raymond's parents wanted him to have the best Jim tried his best.However,he failed the test. possible education. 吉姆尽力了，然而还是没有通过考试。 雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。 &250 语法回 名师点津 Of the two cameras,I would prefer the smaller (1)规则变化 one,which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机中，我更喜欢较小的一个，对我来 词形类别 变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 说它容易携带。 tall taller tallest 一投加r发es 3比较级形式表达最高级的含义 long longer longest (1)“否定词十比较级”“否定词+such/s0…as”, 以-e结尾的，只 nice nicer nicest 表示最高级含义。 如-r我t fine finer f日e4I Your story is perfect.I've never heard a better 单音节 以重绮闲青节结 big 胡和少 bigger biagest one before. 尾庄末尾只有 你的故事太完美了。我从来没有听过比这更好 数双音 个辅音宇母的，兔 hot hotter hottest 听的故事。 节 双写该辅音字哮， (2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级 fatter fattest 再加er或st 含义： 以“辅章宇号十y” happy happier happiest ①比较级十than十any other-十可数名词单数 站尾的，先变y为 ②比较级十than十all the other-+可数名词复数 再如cr或 easier ③比较级+than十any of the other+可数名 其他双 more most difficult 词复数 音节调 在前面加mre difficult difficult The Yangtze River is longer than any other 和多音 less least river than all the other rivers than any of the 节词 beauufull beautiful other rivers in China. (2)不规则变化 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。 原级 比较级 最高级 4,倍数表达法 good/well hetter hest 常见的倍数表达句型主要有： bad/ill/badly worse worst (1)A十is十倍数十比较级十than十B many/much more most (2)A十is十倍数十as十原级十as十B old older elder oldest/eldest (3)A十is+倍数+he+名词(size/length/height.'.) little less least +of+B farther(具体) farthest(具体) (4)The+名词(size/1 ength height.)十of+A far further(抽象) furthest(格象) +is+倍数+hat十of+B (5)A十is十倍数+what引导的名词性从句 2.含有比较级的常用句型 Smoking is harmful to people's health.killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. (I)“比较级+and+比较级”“more and more-十 吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交 原级”，表示“越米越…”。 通事故的多7倍。 Holiday flight tickets are getting more and more 即时演练] cheap. 单句语法填空 假期的机票越米越便宜了。 1.(2022·全四之卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day,the birthplace of tea and (2)“he十比较级，the十比较级”，意为“越…， the large tea-producing country, 就越…”。 China has a responsibility to work with other The more you listen and read,the better you countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. speak and write. 2.(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years.Cao has 你听得越多，读得越多，你的口语和写作就越好。 walked through 34 countries in six continents, (3)“the十比较级十of(the)十名词代词”，表示 and in 2016,he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, “(两者中)较…的”。 Africa's (high)mountain. 251盈 国高考一轮总复习·英语，WY 3.(2021·全回甲卷)After spending some time 续表 looking at all the defensive equipment at the 类别 例词 wall,we decided it was time for some action and 词尾的 confidenceconfident. what (good)than to ride on a piece of ce变为-t difference--different history! 4.(2021·浙江w)When the house was built,it music musical. person was much (small)than it is today. 词尾 personal,nation--national, 5.(2021·渐江卷)This may be due to some 加-al education-educational. tradition-"traditional disadvantages for people living in the countryside,including (low)levels of 词尾 friend→friendly,week→weekly, income and education,higher costs of healthy 加-ly love-→lovely foods.and fewer sports facilities. 词尾 wood-.wooden,wool-woollen 6.(2020·全回Ⅲ卷)One day the emperor wanted 加-en to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all 词尾加 attract-attractive,talk great artists to come and present their ive.-ative talkative,protect-protective (fine)work.so that he could choose the best. 考点三形容词和副词的词形转换 energy--energetic,fool-foolish, science-scientific 1.形容词的构词规律 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成 类别 例词 其他常见 形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再 变化 加-y(如sun→sunny,fun→ 词尾加y cloud--cloudy,luck--lucky, funny):以-e结尾的名词要去掉e health→healthy 再加-y(如noise-→noisy,ice→icy, 词尾加 gift→gifted,talent→talented, taste--tasty) -(e)d advanceadvanced 2.副词的构词规律 frighten-frightening, 类别 例词 appeal→appealing, loud→loudly, sudden 词尾 reward-"rewarding 形容词十后 suddenly. 加-ing *以-e结尾的动词要去掉e再加-ing 缀-ly sincere-sincerely (如invite→inviting,surprise- happy→happily, heavy surprising.convince--convincing) heavily, 以辅音字母 meaning-meaningful/meaningless, angry-"angrily, 加y结尾的 carecareful/careless, 形容词，把y lucky→luckily, noisy harm-.harmful/harmless, 变成i再加ly →noisily 词尾加 home-homeless. shy→shyly(shy中y的发 -ful/-less colour-colourful colourless, 音为a/,直接加-ly) use-useful'useless. terrible-terribly,possible- thank--thankful/thankless, possibly,gentle--gently, peace-"peaceful/peaceless 词尾为-ble-le probable probably. 的形容词，去 comfortable--comfortably. comfort--comfortable. 掉e,再加-y responsible→ responsibly, 词尾 knowledge--knowledgeable, suitable-suitably 加-able accept--acceptable. *whole-wholly(去e加-ly) respect-→respectable 词尾为-ue的 词尾 danger-dangerous,courage- 形容词，去掉 true->truly 加-ous courageous,humour-humourous e再加-ly 252 语法回 续表 续表 类别 例词 名师点津2 易混的形容词和副词 词尾为1的形 full→fully,dull→dully 容词，直接加y near adj.adv. nearly adv..几乎， basic→basically, 近的/在附近 差不多 词尾为-ic的 scientific-scientifically. 形容词， loosely ad.不精 specific-specifically, loose adj.松的 加-aly 确地 automatic--automatically roughly ad.粗略 rough ad,粗糙的 名师点津 地：大体地 易混的形容词和副词 somehow ad.以 某种方式（或方 later adj.以后 somewhat adv.有点 late adj./adv. (的)：后来（的） 法)：不知怎么地 迟（的）：晚（的） latest adj.最近 的，最新的 [即时演练 ago adv. 单句语法填空 before adv..以前 以前（以现在为起点） 1.(2022·新高考1卷)The GPNP's main goal is to everywhere adv. somewhere adu,.某处 improve connectivity between separate populations 到处 and homes of giant pandas,and high adj./adv. highly adv. 高度 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in 高的：在高处 地：很：非常 the wild. wide adj.adv. widely adv,广泛 2.(2021·金国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two 宽阔的/充分地 地：普遍地 hours,but we stopped at the different gates and deep adj.adv. deeply ad.深刻 深深的（地） 地：深沉地 watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the free adi./adv. freely adv. 自由 local people going about their day) 免费的（地） 地：畅通地 routines. close adj./adv. closely ad.仔细 3.(2021·新高考I卷)The hot spring at the foot 接近（的）：紧挨着（的） 地：紧密地 of the mountain is something you must try after hard adi.adv. hardly adv. 儿 the climb.It will (undoubted)help you 努力的（地） 乎不 get refreshed！ 巩固训练冲关 [对应答案P418 1.语法填空 want to take part in an edible book festival. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人】个适当的单词 you can have your book and eat it.too! 或括号内单词的正确形式。 In such festivals,people create projects and (2023·广州毕业班综合测试)Some people present 4. to judges.There are two rules: love to read books.They can't get enough of the The project must be made of food,and it must be 1. (print)word.Others have a big appetite based 5. a book.For example,someone for making and eating food.Well,if you are both an might make the chocolate factory from Charlie and the 2. (enthusiasm)reader and eater,you may Chocolate Factory with chocolate bars. 253盈 国高考一轮总复习·英语，WY Sometimes.judges award prizes to the best Dear David, projects like“The Best Pun”.A pun is a funny I've learned it from the Internet that you want play on words that sound similar but have different to make friends with a Chinese student so as to 6. (meaning),like“tale”and“tail”,A learn the Chinese language and culture.1. possible 7. (win)for“The Best Pun'”might (我很高兴你对中国有浓厚的兴趣)and show Peter Rabbit,the character from The Tale of I would like to be your friend. Peter Rabbit,with a tail made of marshmallow( 2. (我将尽可能地经常给你 软糖)f1uff.8. (make)a pun,the projeet 写信介绍中国文化).When you have an could be called "The Tail of Peter Rabbit", opportunity to come to China.I'll teach you how 9. title punny enough to make the judges to speak Chinese and 3. (带你参 laugh! 观一些著名的历史名胜).4. Given the fun and often silly nature.it's not (无论如何，我将尽可能多地帮助你).How do you surprising that many of these festivals 10. think? (hold)on April Fool's Day! I'm looking forward to your reply. Ⅱ.写作运用 Yours sincerely, 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中形容词和 Li Hua 副词的使用。 专题三不可忽视的小词一代词、冠词和介词 近几年，高考对不可忽视的小词（冠词、代词和介词）的考查主要集中在其基本用法上，因此这类试题 一般较为简单。考生在解题时要牢记：根据语境、句意判断人称和数，仔细阅读上下文，根据代词具体指代 的对象和在句中充当的成分，确定代词的格：冠词经常考查不定冠词a,an的泛指和定冠词he的特指及固 定搭配：介词的固定搭配是解答介词相关题目的关键。 第六讲 代词、冠词和分词 高考真题感知 对应客案P419 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 L.(2023·新高考I卷)The meat should be fresh with touch 语法填空“二”谨记 of sweetness,and the surrounding soup hot,clear and delicious. 1.根据泛指或特指选择冠词 2.(2023·新高考l卷)Not the pandas,even though language 如果空格后的名词或“形 used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 容词十名词”前设有形容词性 3.(2o23·浙江卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class 物主代词、不定代词、名词所 culture represented by the Forbidden City,the Summer Palace. 有格或指示代词等限定词时 and the Temple of Heaven,the hutongs reflect 很可能填冠词。 culture of grassroot Beijingers. 2.根据固定句式或固定搭配 4.(2022·全国甲卷) friend of his,Wu Fan. 冠词 选择冠词 volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 5.(2022·新高考I卷)Covering an area about three times 英语中有很多带有冠词 size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be 的固定句式或短语，记住这些 one of the first national parks in the country. 句式和短语也有利于解决此 6.(2022·全四乞卷)May21 st this year marks the first 类问题。 International Tea Day,which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th,2019.To celebrate festival,a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 254