精品解析：天津市滨海新区塘沽紫云中学2026-2027学年度第一学期高二年级第一次学情检测英语试题

紫云中学2026—2027学年度第一学期高二年级第一次学情检测 英语学科试题 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共*分，考试用时*分钟。第Ⅰ卷*到*页，第Ⅱ卷*到*页。 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上，将考号填、涂准确；答卷时，考生务必将选择题答案涂在答题卡上，非选择题答在答题纸上、答在试卷上无效。 第Ⅰ卷 选择题（共125分） Ⅰ听力：（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 第一节：听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．How will the woman go to the shopping center? A．By car. B．By bus. C．On foot. 2．What did the woman do last Sunday? A．She went to hospital. B．She went camping. C．She stayed at home. ? What will the man probably do on Saturday? A．Study hard. B．Play outside. C．Take an exam. 1．When did Paul and Susan get married? A．Last summer. B．A week ago. C．This January. What does the man mean? A．His violin is perfect. B．He is forgetful. C．He practices a lot. 第二节：听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。 6．Why does the man call the woman? A．To invite her to a trip. B．To ask for help. C．To make an apology. 7．What does the woman offer to do? A．Water the plants. B．Wash the cats. C．Clean the house. 8．What will the man probably do tonight? A．Work from home. B．Leave for Florida. C．Go to the woman’s place. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9．What are the speakers talking about? A．Buying a birthday gift. B．Preparıng for a holiday. C．Celebrating Father’s Day. 10．What do we know about the speakers’ father? A．He has no watch. B．He is fond of music. C．He likes wearing jewelry. 11．What will the speakers probably do? A．Draw a picture. B．Go to a concert. C．Get a digital camera. 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15小题。 12．What was in the spot in the past? A．A parking lot. B．A fish pond. C．A local store. 13．When do people come to work in the garden? A．On Saturday mornings. B．On Saturday afternoons. C．On Sunday mornings. 14．Which of the following events does the speaker mention? A．Music lessons. B．Gardening classes. C．Birthday parties. 15．How does the speaker feel about the garden? A．Curious. B．Worried. C．Proud. Ⅱ．单项填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 1. —Are you done with the book I gave you? — ________. I'm still reading the last chapter. A. Hard to say B. Not quite C. Of course D. It all depends 2. We regret ________ you that the book you need is not available at the moment in this library. A. having told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 3. Heavy drinking will cause ________ damage to the brain. A. permanent B. cruel C. worthy D. workaday 4. While rock-climbing, you need to remain very ________ so that you won’t make any dangerous errors. A. amused B. delighted C. concentrated D. impressed 5. The Science Museum, ________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where 6. ________ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. A. Since B. Even though C. As if D. In case 7. Endurance, perseverance, industry and talent are the means ________ men can achieve great ends A. in which B. by which C. of which D. on which 8. With exams________, it’s a good idea to review your class notes. A. approaching B. approached C. to approach D. approach 9. He made a number of rude ________ about the food on the Internet. A. remarks B. spots C. dawns D. gentleness 10. ________for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors. A. Selected B. To select C. Having selected D. Selecting 11. In 1924, Lin Yutang________borrowed “youmo” from Ancient Chinese as the translation for the English word “humor”. A. essentially B. curly C. creatively D. complicated 12. Wealth does not ________ happiness. A. conclude B. persevere C. deserve D. guarantee 13. People sit on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines,________have been read many times. A. all of them B. all of which C. them of all D. which of all 14. When this book was________ published, the book became an immediate best-seller. A. originally B. eventually C. gently D. literally 15. Stephen’s grandfather built a simple basket by________a piece of plastic to a telephone pole. A. attaching B. sharpening C. persevering D. intoxicating Ⅲ．完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） I often ____16____ writing for weeks or even months, waiting for that perfect moment when my mind, body, and surroundings were in harmony, letting thoughts ____17____. But that moment rarely arrived and I ____18____ putting together a hasty piece only when deadlines got really close. Then I met Sachin, a fellow PhD student equally ____19____ under the weight of a fellowship application. We made a pact: after dinner, we’d sit together with laptops open, phones ____20____. When I was tempted to scroll my phone, seeing Sachin ____21____ writing made me put it down in embarrassment and turn to my work. Our informal ____22____ soon became a habit: we ____23____ weekly 90-minute sessions and began each by naming a small, achievable goal. ____24____ stressing over an entire proposal, we only had to finish a tiny piece of it. Each step forward, however minor, felt like real progress. Those small ____25____ built momentum (动力) and confidence; a few sentences grew into paragraphs, then into complete proposals. Writing never got as easy as I’d hoped, but it became less lonely and far more ____26____. Sachin and I noticed our peers facing similar struggles and wanted to ____27____ this experience. Two years after our first ____28____, we launched peer co-working sessions for second-year PhD students preparing their thesis proposals. Each week, a group ____29____ in a quiet seminar room: first, everyone set a small goal, then 75 minutes of focused writing, and ____30____ a reflection period. The room felt tense at first, but as people ____31____ during reflection, a sense of relief spread. Some students told us the sessions took away the ____32____ of the blank page and they used the time to tackle their hardest tasks, knowing peer support would keep them ____33____. Over 2 years, two overwhelmed students staring at blank screens has grown into a small ____34____ that makes writing less lonely. Our experience shows us that accountability, camaraderie (情谊), and a shared sense of purpose can ____35____ the barriers that make writing so frightening. 16. A. engaged in B. took up C. carried on D. put off 17. A. flow B. stay C. work D. progress 18. A. started out B. insisted on C. ended up D. went for 19. A. hidden B. melted C. exposed D. buried 20. A. away B. on C. out D. in 21. A. tired of B. concerned with C. focused on D. distracted from 22. A. agreement B. suggestion C. compromise D. mission 23. A. disciplined B. scheduled C. targeted D. issued 24. A. Apart from B. Regardless of C. Prior to D. Instead of 25. A. losses B. wins C. recipes D. tasks 26. A. faithful B. productive C. reliable D. urgent 27. A. interpret B. avoid C. share D. explore 28. A. meetup B. breakthrough C. takeoff D. checkout 29. A. ranged B. bounded C. celebrated D. gathered 30. A. immediately B. normally C. finally D. temporarily 31. A. calmed down B. opened up C. got around D. watched out 32. A. surprise B. doubt C. excitement D. fear 33. A. humble B. responsible C. influential D. cautious 34. A. society B. section C. community D. class 35. A. identify B. lower C. present D. distinguish Ⅳ．阅读理解（共20小题；每小题3分，满分60分） A Student Development Programs for Graduating Seniors Program 1: Academic Transition Workshop This workshop is designed to bridge the gap between high school and university academics. Experienced lecturers will introduce efficient research methods, academic writing norms, and critical thinking skills that are essential for further study. The program has attracted hundreds of students in the previous two years and receives wide praise from both participants and educators. Many graduates say it has greatly benefited their first-year college study. Time: June 10–12, 9:00–11:30 a.m. Fee: $25, including learning materials. Requirement: Basic English comprehension and active participation. Participants are expected to arrive 10 minutes early for check-in and bring their own notebooks for note-taking. Program 2: Leadership & Teamwork Training This program focuses on developing students’ ability to cooperate, communicate, and take responsibility in group tasks. Through role‑play and team‑based projects, participants will improve their problem‑solving skills and build confidence. The training center is well-equipped with modern facilities and comfortable seating, creating a pleasant learning environment for all attendees. Time: June 14, 8:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m. Quota: Limited to 50 participants. Registration: Deadline is June 10. Applications sent by email will not be accepted; all forms must be handed in to the student office. Program 3: Community Service & Social Research Unlike traditional volunteer work, this program requires students to conduct field surveys, analyze local needs, and propose simple solutions. It helps students gain a sense of social responsibility and practical experience. This project is supported by several local organizations and community leaders who value the development of young people. Time: June 17–26 (weekdays only) Benefit: A completion certificate will be awarded to every participant. Certificates will be given out on the last day of the program and can be used in future college applications. Program 4: College Life Guidance Lecture This lecture offers professional advice on campus life, including time management, interpersonal relationships, and rational consumption. It helps graduates make a smooth transition to college life and avoid unnecessary worries. The lecture will be held in the school hall, which can hold over 300 people and is equipped with sound and projection systems. Time: June 28, 2:00–4:00 p.m. Note: Free of charge. No online booking is needed. Light drinks will be provided for free during the 15-minute break between sections. 36. What is the goal of Academic Transition Workshop? A. To train students to be full-time researchers. B. To prepare students for college study. C. To offer free guidance on job hunting. D. To improve high school teaching methods. 37. What should students do to join Leadership & Teamwork Training? A. Pay a $25 fee. B. Work in groups in advance. C. Take a written test first. D. Apply before June 10. 38. What are participants required to do in Community Service & Social Research? A. Carry out surveys and put forward simple solutions. B. Provide free food and drinks for community members. C. Give completion certificates to other participants. D. Cooperate with local organizations to offer training. 39. What can we infer about College Life Guidance Lecture? A. It will last more than two hours. B. Participants must book online. C. It is divided into several parts. D. Drinks are offered for a low price. 40. What can we infer about the four programs from the passage? A. They all require applicants to have basic English skills. B. They are all designed to help graduates prepare for future life. C. They all charge fees for learning materials. D. They all limit the number of participants. B One of the most incredible changes I’ve made in my life, which has undoubtedly made me a happier person and a better friend, is learning to let go of judging people. Once, I visited an old friend who was actively neglecting his own health — he was overweight and had high blood pressure, and yet he ate junk food and never exercised. I knew he could improve his health by changing his daily decisions. So I judged him, got angry with him, indirectly insulted him with my opinionated (武断的) commentary, and then we parted on bad terms, which made me regret for a long time. I was unaware of what my friend was going through. The truth is, he had been deeply depressed about his poor health, feeling ugly, scared, and he was determined to improve himself. He was truly wonderful but I wasn’t appreciating him. Instead, I was only focusing on how much “better” I was! That was really my fault. In short, I actively remind myself NOT to judge. Be kind, humble, open and teachable. There is a story behind every person. Ask about their stories, and then listen. There’s a reason why they are the way they are. Think about that, and respect them for who they are. Magnify their strengths, not their weaknesses. The more you see the good in other people, the more good you will uncover in yourself. This is how to make a difference. We all take different roads seeking fulfillment and joy. That someone isn’t on your road doesn’t mean they’re lost. It’s OK to be upset, but it’s never OK to be cruel. In disagreement with others, deal only with the present situation; don’t bring up the past or any other form of drama. The most memorable people in your life will be the ones who loved you when you were not very lovable. Remember this, and return the favor when you’re able. No matter what happens, be good to the people around you. Being good is a peaceful way to live, and a beautiful legacy to leave behind. 41. Why did the author get mad with his friend? A. He looked down upon his friend. B. He wasn’t used to his friend’s routine. C. His friend cared little about his health. D. His friend never paid a visit to the doctor. 42. What does the underlined phrase “parted on bad terms” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. left each other unhappily. B. Forgave each other. C. Discussed this in another place. D. Continued to do other things. 43. How should we get along with others according to the author? A. Share our stories with them. B. Focus on the good in them. C. Give them some advice. D. Help them through criticizing. 44. What should you do when you disagree with others? A. You should pretend to agree B. You should take a step back. C. You should make a big scene. D. You should consider the matter as it stands. 45. What is the text mainly about? A. Keeping friendship forever. B. Giving no judgment on others. C. How to be good to people around you. D. How to build good relationships with others. C All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in, and release CO₂ from their blood when breathing out. Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath. But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood, and change their diving behavior in response. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior, Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held. In one corner, there was a breathing chamber (呼吸室), where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder. The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior. This ability would put seals in a class beyond any land mammals that have been tested. Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’re about to pass out in free-diving. Therefore, in free-diving without oxygen tanks, accidents are quite common. Our reliance on sensing CO₂ levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame. Actually, this is a perfectly reasonable strategy on land, where growing CO₂ tends to signal breathing issues. But when holding our breath during diving, relying on CO₂ levels is risky, especially on repeated dives. Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface. 46. What do most mammals rely on to determine when to take a breath? A. The growing amount of CO₂ in their blood. B. The rising level of oxygen in their lungs. C. The intensity of their physical activity. D. The blood supply to body tissues. 47. When would the seals stay at the feeder for a longer period of time? A. When they needed to take in more food at the feeder. B. When the oxygen level in the chamber grew higher. C. When they familiarized themselves with the setup. D. When the CO₂ level in the chamber was raised. 48. What results in humans’ inability to notice low oxygen levels in their blood? A. The unstable CO₂ levels in the air. B. Their lack of attention to breathing. C. The constant oxygen levels on land. D. Their functionally changeable heart rate. 49. Why do accidents often occur when divers go free-diving? A. Their breath cannot be held long enough. B. They cannot adjust the consumption of oxygen. C. They may fail to notice rising CO₂ levels soon enough. D. Their breathing organs stop working properly underwater. 50. Which statement is probably supported by McKnight’s seal research? A. Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments. B. Seals are quick to sense oxygen levels and act accordingly. C. Seals can maintain their heart rate even with low blood oxygen levels. D. Seals are more sensitive to changes in the environment than other mammals. D In 1999, Google hired its 53rd employee called Charlie Ayers. This employee was unique. He didn’t develop software, nor did he have business knowledge. In fact, he just worked for a famous band. But Charlie won a cooking competition held by the company. Then, he became the company’s chef. He would help Google feed its employees. Since then, Google’s policy of free snacks has been copied. This policy may make sense for some companies since employees don’t need to travel far to eat. The companies think it can also improve traffic during lunch hour. But firms’ free-snack policy has been attacked by politicians. They believe it extremely reduces the number of customers of local restaurants, which causes many of them to break down and eventually harms the relevant industry. So, officials are preventing Facebook opening a canteen at its new campus. There have been many theories explaining what motivate firms to provide free snacks. Some argue it’s a firm’s dirty trick to keep workers working for longer hours. Others argue it’s about helping the firm attract talents. Still others say rich firms are just generous and that their generosity, in turn, makes their workers happier and more productive. All of these may contribute to the firms’ free snacks. Google says its food system is about promoting teamwork and. creativity. The idea is that it provides chances to bond and exchange ideas when employees randomly meet and eat together. This, they believe, encourages creativity. While free snacks might increase the amount of time employees spend in the office, the theory that it increases creativity lacks evidence. Actually, evidence suggests unlimited candy and chips in the break room will affect people’s cognitive performance, which might eventually prevent workers from thinking intelligently. It’s no wonder that some. Google’s competitors rejected the food policy. If companies want workers to exchange ideas, regular meals can make it. A better food system for companies is one where workers would be given a credit card for food purchases. Some colleges have a similar food system, which offers discount to fruits and vegetables and places an extra cost on junk food—junk food, after all could end up increasing the company’s health insurance bills. There’s no such thing as a free lunch. The same is true for snacks. 51. Why does the author mention Charlie Ayers in Paragraph 1? A. To offer the background of the text. B. To introduce the topic of the passage. C. To expand understanding of the topic. D. To show the structure of the passage. 52. What do politicians think of firms’ free-snack policy? A. It does increase the employees’ creativity. B. It’s beneficial to local transportation. C. It strengthens the unity of the firms’ employees. D. It brings negative effect on local restaurants. 53. What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The possible causes of some firms’ free-snack policy. B. The importance of the free snack policy. C. The benefits of free-snack policy to workers. D. The oppositions to the free snack policy. 54. Why do some companies decline the free snack policy? A. They are unaware of its positive influence. B. They consider it a big financial burden. C. They think it weakens employees’ creativity. D. They find it unattractive to many employees. 55. Which of the following will the author agree with? A. Companies should increase their insurance bills on workers. B. Colleges’ food systems tend to be superior to companies’. C. A good food system can give discounts to any food. D. Free snacks are unnecessary in the companies. 第Ⅱ卷 非选择题（共25分） Ⅴ．书面表达（满分25分） 56. 假设你是晨光中学高二学生李津，你校英文报正在以“Onwards and Upwards, Laugh Through Hardships”为主题征稿，分享高中生的成长感悟。请你投稿，内容包括： 1.简述你在英语学习中遇到的瓶颈与挫折；（bottleneck瓶颈；frustration沮丧） 2.阐述你的应对方式（乐观心态调节 +坚持努力突破）； 3.谈谈双主题带给你的成长启示。 注意： 1.词数不少于100； 2.行文连贯，细节充实； 3.不得抄写原文。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 紫云中学2026—2027学年度第一学期高二年级第一次学情检测 英语学科试题 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共*分，考试用时*分钟。第Ⅰ卷*到*页，第Ⅱ卷*到*页。 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上，将考号填、涂准确；答卷时，考生务必将选择题答案涂在答题卡上，非选择题答在答题纸上、答在试卷上无效。 第Ⅰ卷 选择题（共125分） Ⅰ听力：（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 第一节：听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．How will the woman go to the shopping center? A．By car. B．By bus. C．On foot. 2．What did the woman do last Sunday? A．She went to hospital. B．She went camping. C．She stayed at home. ? What will the man probably do on Saturday? A．Study hard. B．Play outside. C．Take an exam. 1．When did Paul and Susan get married? A．Last summer. B．A week ago. C．This January. What does the man mean? A．His violin is perfect. B．He is forgetful. C．He practices a lot. 第二节：听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。 6．Why does the man call the woman? A．To invite her to a trip. B．To ask for help. C．To make an apology. 7．What does the woman offer to do? A．Water the plants. B．Wash the cats. C．Clean the house. 8．What will the man probably do tonight? A．Work from home. B．Leave for Florida. C．Go to the woman’s place. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9．What are the speakers talking about? A．Buying a birthday gift. B．Preparıng for a holiday. C．Celebrating Father’s Day. 10．What do we know about the speakers’ father? A．He has no watch. B．He is fond of music. C．He likes wearing jewelry. 11．What will the speakers probably do? A．Draw a picture. B．Go to a concert. C．Get a digital camera. 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15小题。 12．What was in the spot in the past? A．A parking lot. B．A fish pond. C．A local store. 13．When do people come to work in the garden? A．On Saturday mornings. B．On Saturday afternoons. C．On Sunday mornings. 14．Which of the following events does the speaker mention? A．Music lessons. B．Gardening classes. C．Birthday parties. 15．How does the speaker feel about the garden? A．Curious. B．Worried. C．Proud. Ⅱ．单项填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 1. —Are you done with the book I gave you? — ________. I'm still reading the last chapter. A. Hard to say B. Not quite C. Of course D. It all depends 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我给你的那本书你看完了吗？——还没完全看完。我还在看最后一章。A. Hard to say很难说；B. Not quite不完全，未必；C. Of course当然；D. It all depends要看情况而定。根据后文“I'm still reading the last chapter.”可知书还没完全看完，not quite符合语境。故选B。 2. We regret ________ you that the book you need is not available at the moment in this library. A. having told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们很遗憾地告诉你，你需要的书目前在这个图书馆里没有。regret to do sth：遗憾要做某事，regret doing sth.后悔做过某事；根据句意的需要，此处表示的不是“后悔告诉了你”，而是“遗憾地要告诉你”。故选C项。 3. Heavy drinking will cause ________ damage to the brain. A. permanent B. cruel C. worthy D. workaday 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：饮酒过量可能造成永久性脑损伤。A. permanent 永久性的；B. cruel残忍的；C. worthy值得的；D. workaday普通的。结合词义可知，选择permanent 一词合乎句意的需要，即过度饮酒对于大脑的损伤是长久的。故选A项。 4. While rock-climbing, you need to remain very ________ so that you won’t make any dangerous errors. A. amused B. delighted C. concentrated D. impressed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：攀岩时，你需要保持高度专注，以便于你不会犯任何危险的错误。A. amused好笑的；B. delighted高兴的；C. concentrated聚精会神的；D. impressed印象深刻的。结合词义可知，选择concentrated作remain的表语，合乎句意的需要。故选C项。 5. The Science Museum, ________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】本题考查定语从句。解题步骤：1. 确定关系词：先行词the Science Museum，which指代先行词在句中作visit的宾语，what不能引导定语从句，where在句中作状语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。句意：在最近去英国的一次旅行中我们参观的那一家自然博物馆是伦敦的一个旅游景点。故选A。 6. ________ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. A. Since B. Even though C. As if D. In case 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然森林公园很远，但每年都有很多游客来参观。A. Since自从，因为；B. Even though尽管，虽然；C. As if仿佛，好像；D. In case以防。结合连词的意思可知，选择even though引导让步状语从句，合乎句意的需要，故选B项。 7. Endurance, perseverance, industry and talent are the means ________ men can achieve great ends A. in which B. by which C. of which D. on which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和介词辨析。句意：耐力、毅力、勤奋和才干是人们实现伟大目标的手段。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为means（手段），指物，人们实现伟大目标是“凭借”前面提到的手段的，因此可以确定介词为by，which指代先行词作宾语。故选B项。 8. With exams________, it’s a good idea to review your class notes. A. approaching B. approached C. to approach D. approach 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：随着考试的临近，复习课堂笔记是个好主意。 exams 与动词approach是主动关系，结合句意的需要，表示考试“正在靠近”，因此使用现在分词作宾语补足语，构成“with+宾语+现在分词”的结构。 故选A项。 9. He made a number of rude ________ about the food on the Internet. A. remarks B. spots C. dawns D. gentleness 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于食物他发表了许多无礼的评论。A.remarks评论；B. spots地点；C. dawns黎明；D.gentleness柔和，高贵。结合词义可知，选择remarks(评论)合乎句意的需要，故选A项。 10. ________for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors. A. Selected B. To select C. Having selected D. Selecting 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：斯蒂芬2009年入选NBA，加盟金州勇士队。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词短语作状语，select与其逻辑主语Stephen之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动、完成。故选A项。 11. In 1924, Lin Yutang________borrowed “youmo” from Ancient Chinese as the translation for the English word “humor”. A. essentially B. curly C. creatively D. complicated 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词和副词词义辨析。句意：1924年，林语堂创造性地借用了古代汉语中的“youmo”作为英语单词“humor（幽默）”的翻译。A. essentially 本质上；B.curly卷曲的；C. creatively创造性地；D. complicated复杂的。结合词义和所作成分可知，选择creatively作状语修饰borrowed，合乎句意的需要。故选C项。 12. Wealth does not ________ happiness. A. conclude B. persevere C. deserve D. guarantee 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：财富并不能保证幸福。A. conclude 推断出；B. persevere 坚持；C. deserve 值得；D. guarantee 确保；保证。由Wealth does not和happiness可知，句子表示“财富并不能保证幸福”，空格处意为“保证”，故选D项。 13. People sit on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines,________have been read many times. A. all of them B. all of which C. them of all D. which of all 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：人们坐在塑料椅子上，翻看旧杂志，所有这些都被读了很多遍。分析句子可知，本句的主句是People sit on plastic chairs，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词magazines指物，结合从句句意“所有这些杂志都被读了很多遍”，故用名词+介词+关系代词（all of which）引导该从句。故选B项。 14. When this book was________ published, the book became an immediate best-seller. A. originally B. eventually C. gently D. literally 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他的书最终被发表后，立马就成为了畅销书。A. originally最初、起初；B. eventually最终、终于；C. gently轻轻地、温柔地；D. literally字面意义上、逐字地。空处副词用于修饰谓语was published；结合空后became an immediate best-seller“马上成为了畅销书”，空处用B项“最终”构成语意的反差感，符合句意。故选B项。 15. Stephen’s grandfather built a simple basket by________a piece of plastic to a telephone pole. A. attaching B. sharpening C. persevering D. intoxicating 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬的祖父通过将一块塑料绑到电话线杆上制做了一个简单的篮子。A. attaching系上，缠着，重视；B. sharpening变得锋利，加强；C. persevering坚持；D. intoxicating使醉。结合选项和此空位于介词by后可知，此处应填动名词，attach…to…意为“把……系到……上”符合句意。故选A项。 Ⅲ．完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） I often ____16____ writing for weeks or even months, waiting for that perfect moment when my mind, body, and surroundings were in harmony, letting thoughts ____17____. But that moment rarely arrived and I ____18____ putting together a hasty piece only when deadlines got really close. Then I met Sachin, a fellow PhD student equally ____19____ under the weight of a fellowship application. We made a pact: after dinner, we’d sit together with laptops open, phones ____20____. When I was tempted to scroll my phone, seeing Sachin ____21____ writing made me put it down in embarrassment and turn to my work. Our informal ____22____ soon became a habit: we ____23____ weekly 90-minute sessions and began each by naming a small, achievable goal. ____24____ stressing over an entire proposal, we only had to finish a tiny piece of it. Each step forward, however minor, felt like real progress. Those small ____25____ built momentum (动力) and confidence; a few sentences grew into paragraphs, then into complete proposals. Writing never got as easy as I’d hoped, but it became less lonely and far more ____26____. Sachin and I noticed our peers facing similar struggles and wanted to ____27____ this experience. Two years after our first ____28____, we launched peer co-working sessions for second-year PhD students preparing their thesis proposals. Each week, a group ____29____ in a quiet seminar room: first, everyone set a small goal, then 75 minutes of focused writing, and ____30____ a reflection period. The room felt tense at first, but as people ____31____ during reflection, a sense of relief spread. Some students told us the sessions took away the ____32____ of the blank page and they used the time to tackle their hardest tasks, knowing peer support would keep them ____33____. Over 2 years, two overwhelmed students staring at blank screens has grown into a small ____34____ that makes writing less lonely. Our experience shows us that accountability, camaraderie (情谊), and a shared sense of purpose can ____35____ the barriers that make writing so frightening. 16. A. engaged in B. took up C. carried on D. put off 17. A. flow B. stay C. work D. progress 18. A. started out B. insisted on C. ended up D. went for 19. A. hidden B. melted C. exposed D. buried 20. A. away B. on C. out D. in 21. A. tired of B. concerned with C. focused on D. distracted from 22. A. agreement B. suggestion C. compromise D. mission 23. A. disciplined B. scheduled C. targeted D. issued 24. A. Apart from B. Regardless of C. Prior to D. Instead of 25. A. losses B. wins C. recipes D. tasks 26. A. faithful B. productive C. reliable D. urgent 27. A. interpret B. avoid C. share D. explore 28. A. meetup B. breakthrough C. takeoff D. checkout 29. A. ranged B. bounded C. celebrated D. gathered 30. A. immediately B. normally C. finally D. temporarily 31. A. calmed down B. opened up C. got around D. watched out 32. A. surprise B. doubt C. excitement D. fear 33. A. humble B. responsible C. influential D. cautious 34. A. society B. section C. community D. class 35. A. identify B. lower C. present D. distinguish 【答案】16. D 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者从拖延写作到与同学Sachin建立互助写作小组，最终将这一模式推广为博士生同伴协作写作社区，帮助更多人克服写作恐惧的故事。 【16题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我经常推迟写作数周甚至数月，等待那个完美的时刻——我的思想、身体和环境和谐统一，让思绪自然流淌。A. engaged in从事；B. took up开始从事；C. carried on继续；D. put off推迟。根据下文“But that moment rarely arrived”可知，作者因等待完美时刻而未能开始写作，即推迟写作。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：我经常推迟写作数周甚至数月，等待那个完美的时刻——我的思想、身体和环境和谐统一，让思绪自然流淌。A. flow流动；B. stay停留；C. work工作；D. progress进步。根据上文“When my mind, body, and surroundings were in harmony”可知，和谐状态下思绪自然流动。 【18题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：但那个时刻很少到来，我最终只在截止日期临近时才匆忙拼凑出一篇。A. started out起步；B. insisted on坚持；C. ended up最终；D. went for争取。根据上文“But that moment rarely arrived”可知，理想状态未出现，作者最终只能匆忙完成。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：后来我遇到了Sachin，一位同样被奖学金申请压得喘不过气的博士生。A. hidden隐藏；B. melted融化；C. exposed暴露；D. buried埋葬。根据下文“under the weight of a fellowship application”可知，Sachin与作者一样被压力所压，be buried under表示被……压得喘不过气。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：我们约定：晚饭后，我们一起坐着，打开电脑，手机放到一边。A. away离开；B. on开着；C. out出去；D. in在里面。根据下文“When I was tempted to scroll my phone”可知，手机是诱惑源，需放到一边以排除干扰。 【21题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：当我忍不住想刷手机时，看到Sachin专注于写作，我尴尬地放下手机，转向我的工作。A. tired of厌倦；B. concerned with关心；C. focused on专注于；D. distracted from分心。根据上文“we’d sit together with laptops open, phones away”可知，Sachin在专注写作，这种专注对作者形成监督。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们非正式的约定很快成了一种习惯：我们安排了每周90分钟的写作时段，每次开始时先设定一个小而可行的目标，不必为整个提案而焦虑，只需完成其中的一小部分。A. agreement约定；B. suggestion建议；C. compromise妥协；D. mission使命。根据上文“We made a pact”可知，pact与agreement 为同义替换。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们非正式的约定很快成了一种习惯：我们安排了每周90分钟的写作时段，每次开始时先设定一个小而可行的目标，不必为整个提案而焦虑，只需完成其中的一小部分。A. disciplined训练；B. scheduled安排；C. targeted瞄准；D. issued发布。根据下文“weekly 90-minute sessions”可知，他们将写作时间固定安排下来。 【24题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：我们非正式的约定很快成了一种习惯：我们安排了每周90分钟的写作时段，每次开始时先设定一个小而可行的目标，不必为整个提案而焦虑，只需完成其中的一小部分。A. Apart from除了；B. Regardless of不管；C. Prior to在……之前；D. Instead of而不是。根据下文“we only had to finish a tiny piece of it”可知，小目标取代了大焦虑，为替代关系。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些小小的胜利积累了动力和信心；几句话变成了段落，然后变成了完整的提案。A. losses损失；B. wins胜利；C. recipes食谱；D. tasks任务。根据上文“Each step forward, however minor, felt like real progress”可知，微小进步即胜利。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：写作从未变得像我希望的那样轻松，但它变得不再那么孤独，而且高效得多。A. faithful忠诚的；B. productive高效的；C. reliable可靠的；D. urgent紧急的。根据上文“a few sentences grew into paragraphs, then into complete proposals”可知，写作产出增加，即高效。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：Sachin和我注意到我们的同龄人面临着类似的困境，想要分享这种经验。A. interpret解释；B. avoid避免；C. share分享；D. explore探索。根据下文“we launched peer co-working sessions for second-year PhD students”可知，他们将经验分享给更多人。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：在我们第一次会面两年后，我们为准备论文提案的二年级博士生发起了同伴协作写作时段。A. meet up会面；B. breakthrough突破；C. takeoff起飞；D. checkout结账。根据上文“Then I met Sachin”可知，此处指代两人的初次会面。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：每周，一群人聚集在安静的研讨室里：首先，每个人设定一个小目标，然后是75分钟的专注写作，最后是一个反思时段。A. ranged排列；B. bounded跳跃；C. celebrated庆祝；D. gathered聚集。根据下文“in a quiet seminar room”可知，多人聚集在同一空间。 【30题详解】 考查副词。句意：每周，一群人聚集在安静的研讨室里：首先，每个人设定一个小目标，然后是75分钟的专注写作，最后是一个反思时段。A. immediately立刻；B. normally正常地；C. finally最后；D. temporarily暂时地。根据上文“first, everyone set a small goal, then 75 minutes of focused writing”可知，反思时段最后进行。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：房间起初感觉很紧张，但当人们在反思中敞开心扉时，一种解脱感蔓延开来。A. calmed down平静下来；B. opened up敞开心扉；C. got around四处走动；D. watched out小心。根据下文“a sense of relief spread”可知，人们在反思中敞开心扉后压力释放。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：一些学生告诉我们，这些时段消除了他们对空白页的恐惧，他们利用这段时间去处理最困难的任务，知道同伴的支持会让他们保持责任感。A. surprise惊讶；B. doubt怀疑；C. excitement兴奋；D. fear恐惧。根据下文“they used the time to tackle their hardest tasks”可知，原本回避的困难任务现在敢于面对，说明恐惧已消除。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一些学生告诉我们，这些时段消除了他们对空白页的恐惧，他们利用这段时间去处理最困难的任务，知道同伴的支持会让他们保持责任感。A. humble谦逊的；B. responsible有责任的；C. influential有影响力的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据下文“accountability, camaraderie, and a shared sense of purpose”可知，accountability与responsible为同义呼应。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：两年多来，两个盯着空白屏幕不知所措的学生已经发展成为一个让写作不再孤独的小社区。A. society社会；B. section部分；C. community社区；D. class班级。根据上文“we launched peer co-working sessions”以及“makes writing less lonely”可知，定期集体活动形成了社区。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们的经验告诉我们，责任感、情谊和共同的目标感可以降低使写作如此可怕的障碍。A. identify识别；B. lower降低；C. present呈现；D. distinguish区分。根据上文“makes writing less lonely”可知，这些因素削弱了障碍，即降低了障碍。 Ⅳ．阅读理解（共20小题；每小题3分，满分60分） A Student Development Programs for Graduating Seniors Program 1: Academic Transition Workshop This workshop is designed to bridge the gap between high school and university academics. Experienced lecturers will introduce efficient research methods, academic writing norms, and critical thinking skills that are essential for further study. The program has attracted hundreds of students in the previous two years and receives wide praise from both participants and educators. Many graduates say it has greatly benefited their first-year college study. Time: June 10–12, 9:00–11:30 a.m. Fee: $25, including learning materials. Requirement: Basic English comprehension and active participation. Participants are expected to arrive 10 minutes early for check-in and bring their own notebooks for note-taking. Program 2: Leadership & Teamwork Training This program focuses on developing students’ ability to cooperate, communicate, and take responsibility in group tasks. Through role‑play and team‑based projects, participants will improve their problem‑solving skills and build confidence. The training center is well-equipped with modern facilities and comfortable seating, creating a pleasant learning environment for all attendees. Time: June 14, 8:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m. Quota: Limited to 50 participants. Registration: Deadline is June 10. Applications sent by email will not be accepted; all forms must be handed in to the student office. Program 3: Community Service & Social Research Unlike traditional volunteer work, this program requires students to conduct field surveys, analyze local needs, and propose simple solutions. It helps students gain a sense of social responsibility and practical experience. This project is supported by several local organizations and community leaders who value the development of young people. Time: June 17–26 (weekdays only) Benefit: A completion certificate will be awarded to every participant. Certificates will be given out on the last day of the program and can be used in future college applications. Program 4: College Life Guidance Lecture This lecture offers professional advice on campus life, including time management, interpersonal relationships, and rational consumption. It helps graduates make a smooth transition to college life and avoid unnecessary worries. The lecture will be held in the school hall, which can hold over 300 people and is equipped with sound and projection systems. Time: June 28, 2:00–4:00 p.m. Note: Free of charge. No online booking is needed. Light drinks will be provided for free during the 15-minute break between sections. 36. What is the goal of Academic Transition Workshop? A. To train students to be full-time researchers. B. To prepare students for college study. C. To offer free guidance on job hunting. D. To improve high school teaching methods. 37. What should students do to join Leadership & Teamwork Training? A. Pay a $25 fee. B. Work in groups in advance. C. Take a written test first. D. Apply before June 10. 38. What are participants required to do in Community Service & Social Research? A. Carry out surveys and put forward simple solutions. B. Provide free food and drinks for community members. C. Give completion certificates to other participants. D. Cooperate with local organizations to offer training. 39. What can we infer about College Life Guidance Lecture? A. It will last more than two hours. B. Participants must book online. C. It is divided into several parts. D. Drinks are offered for a low price. 40. What can we infer about the four programs from the passage? A. They all require applicants to have basic English skills. B. They are all designed to help graduates prepare for future life. C. They all charge fees for learning materials. D. They all limit the number of participants. 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个面向毕业生的学生发展项目及其具体安排与目标。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据Program 1: Academic Transition Workshop部分中“This workshop is designed to bridge the gap between high school and university academics.(本次研讨会旨在弥合高中和大学学术之间的差距。)”以及“Many graduates say it has greatly benefited their first-year college study.(许多毕业生表示，这对他们大学一年级的学习大有裨益。)”可知，学术过渡研讨会的目的是为学生的大学学习做准备。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据Program 2: Leadership & Teamwork Training部分中“Rf: Deadline is June 10.(报名截止日期为6月10日。)”可知，学生要在6月10日前申请才能参加领导力与团队合作培训。故选D。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据Program 3: Community Service & Social Research部分中“Unlike traditional volunteer work, this program requires students to conduct field surveys, analyze local needs, and propose simple solutions.(与传统的志愿工作不同，该项目要求学生进行实地调查，分析当地需求，并提出简单的解决方案。)”可知，社区服务与社会研究项目要求参与者进行调查并提出简单的解决方案。故选A。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据Program 4: College Life Guidance Lecture部分中“Light drinks will be provided for free during the 15-minute break between sections.(在各部分之间15分钟的休息时间里，将免费提供软饮料。)”可知，大学生活指导讲座分为几个部分，中间有休息时间。故选C。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据Program 1: Academic Transition Workshop部分中“This workshop is designed to bridge the gap between high school and university academics.(本次研讨会旨在弥合高中和大学学术之间的差距。)”、Program 2: Leadership & Teamwork Training部分中“This program focuses on developing students’ ability to cooperate, communicate, and take responsibility in group tasks.(这个项目专注于培养学生在团队任务中合作、沟通和承担责任的能力。)”、Program 3: Community Service & Social Research部分中“It helps students gain a sense of social responsibility and practical experience.(它帮助学生获得社会责任感和实践经验。)”以及Program 4: College Life Guidance Lecture部分中“This lecture offers professional advice on campus life, including time management, interpersonal relationships, and rational consumption.(本次讲座提供关于校园生活的专业建议，包括时间管理、人际关系和理性消费。)”可知，这四个项目都是为了帮助毕业生为未来的生活做准备。故选B。 B One of the most incredible changes I’ve made in my life, which has undoubtedly made me a happier person and a better friend, is learning to let go of judging people. Once, I visited an old friend who was actively neglecting his own health — he was overweight and had high blood pressure, and yet he ate junk food and never exercised. I knew he could improve his health by changing his daily decisions. So I judged him, got angry with him, indirectly insulted him with my opinionated (武断的) commentary, and then we parted on bad terms, which made me regret for a long time. I was unaware of what my friend was going through. The truth is, he had been deeply depressed about his poor health, feeling ugly, scared, and he was determined to improve himself. He was truly wonderful but I wasn’t appreciating him. Instead, I was only focusing on how much “better” I was! That was really my fault. In short, I actively remind myself NOT to judge. Be kind, humble, open and teachable. There is a story behind every person. Ask about their stories, and then listen. There’s a reason why they are the way they are. Think about that, and respect them for who they are. Magnify their strengths, not their weaknesses. The more you see the good in other people, the more good you will uncover in yourself. This is how to make a difference. We all take different roads seeking fulfillment and joy. That someone isn’t on your road doesn’t mean they’re lost. It’s OK to be upset, but it’s never OK to be cruel. In disagreement with others, deal only with the present situation; don’t bring up the past or any other form of drama. The most memorable people in your life will be the ones who loved you when you were not very lovable. Remember this, and return the favor when you’re able. No matter what happens, be good to the people around you. Being good is a peaceful way to live, and a beautiful legacy to leave behind. 41. Why did the author get mad with his friend? A. He looked down upon his friend. B. He wasn’t used to his friend’s routine. C. His friend cared little about his health. D. His friend never paid a visit to the doctor. 42. What does the underlined phrase “parted on bad terms” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. left each other unhappily. B. Forgave each other. C. Discussed this in another place. D. Continued to do other things. 43. How should we get along with others according to the author? A. Share our stories with them. B. Focus on the good in them. C. Give them some advice. D. Help them through criticizing. 44. What should you do when you disagree with others? A. You should pretend to agree B. You should take a step back. C. You should make a big scene. D. You should consider the matter as it stands. 45. What is the text mainly about? A. Keeping friendship forever. B. Giving no judgment on others. C. How to be good to people around you. D. How to build good relationships with others. 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者曾因评判忽视健康的朋友而不欢而散，后来意识到不该随意评判他人。每个人都有自己的故事，应多关注他人优点、尊重差异、友善相处，这才是与人相处的正确方式。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Once, I visited an old friend who was actively neglecting his own health — he was overweight and had high blood pressure, and yet he ate junk food and never exercised.(曾经，我去拜访了一位老朋友。他一直很忽视自己的健康状况——他体重超标，还患有高血压，但他却吃着垃圾食品，而且从不锻炼)”可知，作者对他的朋友大发雷霆因为他的朋友对他的健康状况漠不关心。故选C。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“So I judged him, got angry with him, indirectly insulted him with my opinionated (武断的) commentary (于是我对他做出了评价，对他发了脾气，还用我那武断的言论对他进行了间接的侮辱)”以及后文“which made me regret for a long time (这让我懊悔了好长一段时间)”可知，作者和朋友发生了矛盾，导致不欢而散，作者懊悔了好长一段时间，故划线短语的意思是“不欢而散、不愉快地分开”。故选A。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The more you see the good in other people, the more good you will uncover in yourself.(你越是能看到他人身上的优点，你就越能在自己身上发现更多的美好品质)”可知，我们应当关注他人身上的优点。故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“In disagreement with others, deal only with the present situation; don’t bring up the past or any other form of drama.(与他人意见不同的是，只关注当下的情况，不要提及过去的事情或任何其他形式的纷争)”可知，当你与他人意见不一致时，你不要提及过去的事情或任何其他形式的纷争，应该以现状来看待这个问题。故选D。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“One of the most incredible changes I’ve made in my life, which has undoubtedly made me a happier person and a better friend, is learning to let go of judging people.(在我人生中发生的最令人惊叹的转变之一，无疑使我变得更加快乐，也让我成为了一个更好的朋友，那就是学会不再对他人妄加评判)”以及文章内容可知，文章说明了作者曾因评判忽视健康的朋友而不欢而散，后来意识到不该随意评判他人。每个人都有自己的故事，应多关注他人优点、尊重差异、友善相处，这才是与人相处的正确方式。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是不对他人妄加评判。故选B。 C All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in, and release CO₂ from their blood when breathing out. Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath. But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood, and change their diving behavior in response. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior, Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held. In one corner, there was a breathing chamber (呼吸室), where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder. The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior. This ability would put seals in a class beyond any land mammals that have been tested. Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’re about to pass out in free-diving. Therefore, in free-diving without oxygen tanks, accidents are quite common. Our reliance on sensing CO₂ levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame. Actually, this is a perfectly reasonable strategy on land, where growing CO₂ tends to signal breathing issues. But when holding our breath during diving, relying on CO₂ levels is risky, especially on repeated dives. Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface. 46. What do most mammals rely on to determine when to take a breath? A. The growing amount of CO₂ in their blood. B. The rising level of oxygen in their lungs. C. The intensity of their physical activity. D. The blood supply to body tissues. 47. When would the seals stay at the feeder for a longer period of time? A. When they needed to take in more food at the feeder. B. When the oxygen level in the chamber grew higher. C. When they familiarized themselves with the setup. D. When the CO₂ level in the chamber was raised. 48. What results in humans’ inability to notice low oxygen levels in their blood? A. The unstable CO₂ levels in the air. B. Their lack of attention to breathing. C. The constant oxygen levels on land. D. Their functionally changeable heart rate. 49. Why do accidents often occur when divers go free-diving? A. Their breath cannot be held long enough. B. They cannot adjust the consumption of oxygen. C. They may fail to notice rising CO₂ levels soon enough. D. Their breathing organs stop working properly underwater. 50. Which statement is probably supported by McKnight’s seal research? A. Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments. B. Seals are quick to sense oxygen levels and act accordingly. C. Seals can maintain their heart rate even with low blood oxygen levels. D. Seals are more sensitive to changes in the environment than other mammals. 【答案】46. A 47. B 48. C 49. C 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海豹能感知血液中氧气量并据此改变潜水行为，人类则因陆地氧气稳定未演化出此能力。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath.(大多数哺乳动物不能直接检测供应给组织的血液中的氧气水平。相反，它们依靠血液中二氧化碳水平的上升来发出可能需要呼吸的信号)”可知，大多数哺乳动物依靠血液中二氧化碳含量的上升来判断何时呼吸。故选A。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder.(一旦海豹熟悉了这种设置，研究人员开始逐渐改变呼吸室中空气的成分，增加或减少氧气和二氧化碳的水平，以观察对其行为的影响。果然如此：氧气水平越高，海豹在喂食器停留的时间就越长)”可知，当呼吸室中的氧气水平升高时，海豹会在喂食器停留更长时间。故选B。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’ re about to pass out in free-diving.(由于陆地上的氧气水平保持稳定，人类似乎没有进化出注意到血液中低氧水平的能力，有时甚至在自由潜水即将昏倒时也没有)”可知，人类无法察觉血液中低氧水平是因为陆地上氧气水平稳定。故选C。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface.(因为每次我们浮出水面吸气时，我们对二氧化碳的敏感性都会降低，即使其水平已经很高，这也会增加一个人在浮出水面之前无意识地昏倒的可能性)”可知，潜水员在自由潜水时经常发生事故是因为他们可能没有及时注意到二氧化碳水平的上升。故选C。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood,and change their diving behavior in response.(但最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究表明，海豹可以感知血液中的氧气量，并相应地改变它们的潜水行为)”和第四段中“The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior.(这一发现表明，海豹不仅仅是通过改变心率或呼吸来对氧气水平做出身体反应，而是它们对氧气水平有足够的意识来改变它们的行为)”可知，McKnight的海豹研究表明，海豹能迅速感知氧气水平并据此采取行动。故选B。 D In 1999, Google hired its 53rd employee called Charlie Ayers. This employee was unique. He didn’t develop software, nor did he have business knowledge. In fact, he just worked for a famous band. But Charlie won a cooking competition held by the company. Then, he became the company’s chef. He would help Google feed its employees. Since then, Google’s policy of free snacks has been copied. This policy may make sense for some companies since employees don’t need to travel far to eat. The companies think it can also improve traffic during lunch hour. But firms’ free-snack policy has been attacked by politicians. They believe it extremely reduces the number of customers of local restaurants, which causes many of them to break down and eventually harms the relevant industry. So, officials are preventing Facebook opening a canteen at its new campus. There have been many theories explaining what motivate firms to provide free snacks. Some argue it’s a firm’s dirty trick to keep workers working for longer hours. Others argue it’s about helping the firm attract talents. Still others say rich firms are just generous and that their generosity, in turn, makes their workers happier and more productive. All of these may contribute to the firms’ free snacks. Google says its food system is about promoting teamwork and. creativity. The idea is that it provides chances to bond and exchange ideas when employees randomly meet and eat together. This, they believe, encourages creativity. While free snacks might increase the amount of time employees spend in the office, the theory that it increases creativity lacks evidence. Actually, evidence suggests unlimited candy and chips in the break room will affect people’s cognitive performance, which might eventually prevent workers from thinking intelligently. It’s no wonder that some. Google’s competitors rejected the food policy. If companies want workers to exchange ideas, regular meals can make it. A better food system for companies is one where workers would be given a credit card for food purchases. Some colleges have a similar food system, which offers discount to fruits and vegetables and places an extra cost on junk food—junk food, after all could end up increasing the company’s health insurance bills. There’s no such thing as a free lunch. The same is true for snacks. 51. Why does the author mention Charlie Ayers in Paragraph 1? A. To offer the background of the text. B. To introduce the topic of the passage. C. To expand understanding of the topic. D. To show the structure of the passage. 52. What do politicians think of firms’ free-snack policy? A. It does increase the employees’ creativity. B. It’s beneficial to local transportation. C. It strengthens the unity of the firms’ employees. D. It brings negative effect on local restaurants. 53. What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The possible causes of some firms’ free-snack policy. B. The importance of the free snack policy. C. The benefits of free-snack policy to workers. D. The oppositions to the free snack policy. 54. Why do some companies decline the free snack policy? A. They are unaware of its positive influence. B. They consider it a big financial burden. C. They think it weakens employees’ creativity. D. They find it unattractive to many employees. 55. Which of the following will the author agree with? A. Companies should increase their insurance bills on workers. B. Colleges’ food systems tend to be superior to companies’. C. A good food system can give discounts to any food. D. Free snacks are unnecessary in the companies. 【答案】51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了公司免费零食政策的起源以及公司对这一政策的不同看法。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In 1999, Google hired its 53rd employee called Charlie Ayers. This employee was unique. He didn’t develop software, nor did he have business knowledge. In fact, he just worked for a famous band. But Charlie won a cooking competition held by the company. Then, he became the company’s chef. He would help Google feed its employees. Since then, Google’s policy of free snacks has been copied.( 1999年，谷歌雇佣了第53名员工查理·艾尔斯。这名员工是独一无二的。他没有开发过软件，也没有商业知识。事实上，他刚为一个著名乐队工作过。但是查理赢得了公司举办的烹饪比赛。然后，他成为了公司的厨师。他将帮助谷歌公司给员工提供零食。从那以后，谷歌的免费零食政策被效仿)”可推知，作者在第一段提到查理·艾尔斯是为了介绍文章的主题。故选B。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“But firms’ free-snack policy has been attacked by politicians. They believe it extremely reduces the number of customers of local restaurants, which causes many of them to break down and eventually harms the relevant industry. So, officials are preventing Facebook opening a canteen at its new campus.(但是公司的免费零食政策遭到了政客们的抨击。他们认为，这极大地减少了当地餐馆的顾客数量，导致许多餐馆倒闭，最终损害了相关行业。因此，官员们正在阻止Facebook在新园区开设食堂)”可知，政客们认为公司的免费零食政策给当地餐馆带来了负面影响。故选D。 【53题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“There have been many theories explaining what motivate firms to provide free snacks. Some argue it’s a firm’s dirty trick to keep workers working for longer hours. Others argue it’s about helping the firm attract talents. Still others say rich firms are just generous and that their generosity, in turn, makes their workers happier and more productive. All of these may contribute to the firms’ free snacks.(关于公司提供免费零食的动机，有很多理论。一些人认为这是公司让员工工作更长时间的肮脏伎俩。其他人则认为这是为了帮助公司吸引人才。还有一些人说，有钱的公司只是慷慨，他们的慷慨反过来使他们的员工更快乐，更有效率。所有这些都可能为公司的免费零食做出贡献)”可知，第三段主要讲了一些公司免费零食政策的可能原因。故选A。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“While free snacks might increase the amount of time employees spend in the office, the theory that it increases creativity lacks evidence. Actually, evidence suggests unlimited candy and chips in the break room will affect people’s cognitive performance, which might eventually prevent workers from thinking intelligently. It’s no wonder that some Google’s competitors rejected the food policy.(虽然免费零食可能会增加员工在办公室呆的时间，但它能提高创造力的理论缺乏证据。事实上，有证据表明，在休息室里无限制地吃糖果和薯条会影响人们的认知表现，最终可能会妨碍员工进行聪明的思考。难怪谷歌的一些竞争对手反对这一食品政策)”可知，有些公司拒绝免费零食政策是因为他们认为这会削弱员工的创造力。故选C。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“A better food system for companies is one where workers would be given a credit card for food purchases. Some colleges have a similar food system, which offers discount to fruits and vegetables and places an extra cost on junk food—junk food, after all could end up increasing the company’s health insurance bills.(对公司来说，一个更好的食品系统是给员工一张信用卡来购买食品。一些大学也有类似的食品系统，水果和蔬菜打折，垃圾食品要额外收费，毕竟垃圾食品最终会增加公司的健康保险账单)”以及最后一段“There’s no such thing as a free lunch. The same is true for snacks.(天下没有免费的午餐。零食也是如此)”可知，作者认为公司不应该提供免费的零食，即：公司提供免费零食是没有必要的。故选D。 第Ⅱ卷 非选择题（共25分） Ⅴ．书面表达（满分25分） 56. 假设你是晨光中学高二学生李津，你校英文报正在以“Onwards and Upwards, Laugh Through Hardships”为主题征稿，分享高中生的成长感悟。请你投稿，内容包括： 1.简述你在英语学习中遇到的瓶颈与挫折；（bottleneck瓶颈；frustration沮丧） 2.阐述你的应对方式（乐观心态调节 +坚持努力突破）； 3.谈谈双主题带给你的成长启示。 注意： 1.词数不少于100； 2.行文连贯，细节充实； 3.不得抄写原文。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： Onwards and Upwards, Laugh Through Hardships I never anticipated a severe bottleneck in English learning, my vocabulary growth stagnant and exam grades sliding, frustration clouding my mind. As is often the case, the repeated setbacks pushed me to take systematic action. First and foremost, I reshaped my mindset, replacing overwhelming frustration with rational optimism. Furthermore, I persisted in daily word memorization and essay polishing, sparing no effort to improve my language accuracy. Ultimately, I sorted out all typical errors, some of which I reviewed periodically to prevent repetition. In essence, this journey makes me realize that only when we greet hardships positively can we forge ahead. Hardships are never dead ends but stepping stones for our growth. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以“Onwards and Upwards, Laugh Through Hardships”为主题向校英文报投稿，结合自身英语学习经历描述学习挫折、应对方式与成长启示。 【详解】1.词汇积累 下滑：slide→decline 反复的：repeated→recurrent 坚持：persist in→persevere in 提高：improve→boost 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：As is often the case, the repeated setbacks pushed me to take systematic action. 拓展句：It is often the case that the recurrent setbacks pushed me to take systematic action. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First and foremost, I reshaped my mindset, replacing overwhelming frustration with rational optimism.(运用了现在分词短语作伴随状语) 【高分句型2】In essence, this journey makes me realize that only when we greet hardships positively can we forge ahead.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和only+状语从句提前引导的部分倒装句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $