选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards（word练习）-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习课时检测训练（外研版）

课时检测训练20　选择性必修第一册　Unit 2　Onwards and upwards 对应学生用书P330 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·湖南名校联合体联考)There was a boy named Drake. He was just 12 years old. His parents had no money to educate him. They had no choice other than to tell their children to leave school and start helping them with their shop’s work. Drake assimilated this and started waking up before sunrise and going to their shop and cleaning it. He was really a hard-working guy. He always wanted something big to happen in his life, but he knew that a change does not happen in a day. So he started teaching himself and completed all senior high school courses at the age of 18. When he turned 20, he got a job offer from an electrical company. He started working in that company, and every day after coming from his job, he would learn more and more about bulbs (灯泡) because he saw a lot of bulb production there. After some years he made a new improved bulb of his own. He was really excited to show it to his boss, but when the boss saw it, he wasn’t interested in it and said it was of little use. But still, he believed in himself and didn’t give up. After a few months, he thought of setting up his own factory where he and his wife would put the improved bulb into production. When they made the bulbs, they started selling them. No one was interested in those bulbs, but still, he kept believing in himself. One day when the sun was rising, he got an order of 1,000 pieces of the bulbs. This totally changed his life. After that, he started getting more and more orders. ［语篇导读］ 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了德雷克在一家电气公司工作，勤奋好学的他研发了一种新式灯泡，但该灯泡未被老板接受。德雷克并未放弃，在经历了许多挫折后终于取得了事业上的成功。 1.Why did Drake’s parents ask him to work in their shop when he was 12? A.They wanted him to teach himself. B.They expected him to be successful. C.They wished him to be hard-working. D.They were unable to pay for his schooling. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He was just 12 years old.His parents had no money to educate him.They had no choice other than to tell their children to leave school and start helping them with their shop’s work.”可知，德雷克的父母在他12岁的时候让他在他们的店里工作是因为他们无力支付他的学费。故选D项。 答案 D  2.What does the underlined word “assimilated” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Remembered. B.Understood. C.Expressed. D.Hated. 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“started waking up before sunrise and going to their shop and cleaning it”可知，德雷克非常勤勉地在父母的店里帮忙，由此推知，他一定非常理解父母作决定的处境，想要身体力行地为父母缓解压力，故画线词意为“理解”，和B项同义。故选B项。 答案 B 3.What did Drake’s boss think of his new improved bulb? A.Surprising. B.Attractive. C.Popular. D.Valueless. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but when the boss saw it，he wasn’t interested in it and said it was of little use”可知，老板觉得他改进过的新式灯泡用处不大；由此可知，老板认为这种灯泡没有价值。故选D项。 4.What can we learn from the story? A.All things are difficult before they are easy. B.Confidence is the first secret of success. C.Learn to say before you sing. D.Practice makes perfect. 解析 推理判断题。结合全文，尤其是第三段中的“But still, he believed in himself and didn’t give up.”和第四段中的“but still, he kept believing in himself”可知，从家贫上不起学，到想法不被接受，再到创业经历失败，德雷克经历了许许多多的挫折，但他从未放弃，最终取得了事业上的成功，这说明了自信是成功的第一秘诀。故选B项。 答案 B  B (2023·湖南六校联考)The proverb that an apple a day keeps the doctor away also applies to apple wine，say experts.They have found the first evidence that the drink made from fermented apple juice is good for your health.It is packed with chemicals that help protect against cancer，heart disease and other age related conditions. Apple wine，one of England’s oldest alcoholic drinks，has long been thought to be beneficial to health，but there was no proof.Now scientists have confirmed there are high levels of health-improving antioxidants(抗氧化物质)in the wine. Half a pint of apple wine in moderation(适度)delivers the same amount of antioxidants as a glass of red wine，recognized as having health benefits.Antioxidants can “get rid of” substances called free radicals(自由基)，naturally produced in the body. Dr. Caroline Walker，a scientist at Brewing Research International，said，“A diet rich in antioxidants may help to protect against disease and our research confirms apple wine has the same levels of antioxidants as red wine.It could well be claimed that a glass of apple wine a day will keep the doctor away.But it is important that no one drink beyond the recommended daily intake of the alcohol—an average apple wine having about 2.5 units per pint.” Separate trials on volunteer apple wine drinkers at the Institute of Food Research，Norwich，details of which are published in the latest Journal of Nutrition，showed the antioxidants are rapidly absorbed into the blood stream，enhancing the health benefit. John Thatcher，former chairman of the National Association of Cider Makers，said，“I have spent a lifetime making apple wine，enjoying a regular glass or two，and now I can enjoy it all the more knowing it is helping to keep me healthy.” ［语篇导读］ 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现适量饮用苹果酒有利于身体健康。 5.What does the first paragraph suggest? A.Apple wine has a long history. B.Apple wine can cure some diseases. C.An apple a day keeps the doctor away. D.Apple wine helps to keep people healthy. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They have found…good for your health”可知，苹果酒有利于身体健康，故D项正确。 答案 D  6.Why is apple wine beneficial to health according to the research? A.It can help people keep slim. B.It is rich in antioxidants good for health. C.It is mainly made from fermented apple juice. D.It can help people to take in more free radicals. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Now scientists have confirmed…in the wine”可知，苹果酒中含有可以改善健康状况的抗氧化物质，所以苹果酒对身体有好处，故B项正确。 答案 B  7.Which of the following is Dr.Walker’s idea according to paragraph 4? A.Apple wine is more suitable for women than men. B.In the future apple wine will take the place of red wine.  C.Drinking apple wine moderately is beneficial to our health.  D.The more apple wine we drink，the healthier we will become.  解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中Walker博士所说的“But it is important that…the alcohol”可以看出，Walker博士认为适量饮用苹果酒对身体有益。故C项正确。 答案 C  8.What do we know from the last two paragraphs? A.Antioxidants can be rapidly absorbed by our body.  B.Apple wine has been confirmed better than apples.  C.Excessive wine drinking does great harm to our health.  D.Journal of Nutrition is in the charge of John Thatcher.  解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“the antioxidants are rapidly absorbed into the blood stream，enhancing the health benefit”可知，抗氧化物质可以迅速被我们的身体吸收，故A项正确。 答案 A  Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·武汉调研考试)With New Year approaching, year-end reviews dominate the airwaves. 1 .Lose ten pounds? Read a book a month? However, I’ve never given much thought to New Year’s resolutions. I make intentions instead. It means setting one’s purpose toward a path instead of action toward specific behavior. And more than that, I’m setting them in a framework(体系)that will give them wings. Set time, not goals A wise friend once told me “Do not set a result as the goal. Set the time in which you do the things you want to do.” For example, I usually tell myself I should write more. 2 .Then, I realize it would be better to set my intention to write and the time to write, for example, from 8:30 a.m.to 11：30 a.m. Take advantage of the Premack principle The Premack principle is a behavioral strategy that states that the presence of high-probability behavior can make low-probability behavior more likely. 3 . So, now that I’ve set my intention to write and the time to write, I can link it to high-probability behavior, such as dropping my kids off at school in the morning. The point is that it gets the action rolling without much thought or self-motivation talk. 4 . 5  Let’s face it, no matter how much you set an intention, if there’s no enjoyment once you start, it will likely fall by the wayside. So, finding a path that you enjoy will bring the same results. In truth, I hate exercising, but, luckily, I walk my dog. A lovely way to exercise, go out in nature, enjoy companionship, and meet people! A.Face your intention directly B.One intention, multiple paths C.Over time,it becomes routine as well D.But the result proves far from satisfactory E.Perhaps most are also making New Year’s resolutions F.Resolutions seem to hold people prisoners rather than free them G.In other words, to enact new behavior, attach it to well-established behavior  ［语篇导读］ 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了如何用做事目的代替制定目标。 1.解析 根据空后的“Lose ten pounds?…New Year’s resolutions”可知，此处在讲新年计划，由此可推知，空处应填与计划相关的内容，E项“也许大多数人也在制定新年计划”符合语境。 答案 E  2.解析 空前的“I usually tell myself I should write more”指的是作者通常告诉自己应该多写点；空后的“Then,I realize it would be better to set my intention to write and the time to write”指的是作者意识到最好是把写作的目的和时间定下来，再结合常识可推知，空处应为过渡句，正是由于对空前结果的不满，才做出了改变，故D项“但结果远非令人满意”符合语境。 答案 D  3.解析 由空前内容可知，Premack定律是一种行为策略，它指出高概率行为的存在会使低概率行为更有可能发生，即对Premack定律的解释；空后的“So，now that I’ve set my intention…dropping my kids off at school in the morning”以自己为例，说明具体的做法。由此推知，空处应是对Premack定律的进一步说明，故选G。 答案 G  4.解析 根据语境可知，作者把送孩子上学和确定自己的写作目的和时间联系在一起，并以此为例进一步阐释Premack定律。作者已经定好了写作时间，为了使之成为一种习惯，作者先迫使自己在写作之前完成简单的行为——每天送孩子上学。随着时间的推移，写作的时间自然也就有了规律。由此可知，C项“随着时间的推移，它也变成了例行公事”符合语境。 答案 C  5.解析 根据该空所处位置可知，该空应是段落主题句。根据下文内容可知，此段讲的是为了达到某一目标，可以选择多种途径，B项“一个目的，多条路径”符合语境。 答案 B  Ⅲ.语法填空 (2023·苏北四市第一次调研)Consisting of a bamboo frame and a 1. (delicate)painted paper surface，Chinese oil-paper umbrellas have long been viewed as a symbol of China’s tradition of cultural craftsmanship and poetic beauty. They are not just an instrument to keep off rain or sunlight，but also works of art 2. (possess) rich cultural significance and aesthetic(美学的)value. The first oil-paper umbrellas appeared during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 AD-220 AD).Later，they 3. (bring)overseas to Japan and ancient Korea during the Tang Dynasty (618-907)，which is 4. they were known as“Tang umbrellas”. It takes quite a lot of time and effort to make a traditional Chinese oil-paper umbrella 5. hand.For example，in the Fenshui township in Luzhou，Sichuan Province，craftsmen must complete more than 90 steps and use over 100 different tools 6. (create)a single handmade oil-paper umbrella. Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas，traditional oil-paper umbrellas 7. (suffer)from declining sales，while 8. number of craftsmen has been on the decrease.Fortunately，with the 9. (include)of Fenshui oil-paper umbrellas as one of China’s national intangible cultural heritages in 2008，things have been improving.These great items appear in many fashion shows and media publications due to the positive publicity 10. they have received. ［语篇导读］ 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中国传统文物油纸伞的历史和制作过程等。 1.解析 考查副词。修饰过去分词式的形容词painted，故应填副词delicately。 答案 delicately　  2.解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处为非谓语，且possess和其逻辑主语works of art之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填possessing。 答案 possessing　  3.解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。这里they指代前面的oil-paper umbrellas，谓语动词应用复数；they和谓语动词bring是被动关系；又因此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填were brought。 答案 were brought　  4.解析 考查表语从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处引导表语从句，表示这就是它们被称为“唐伞”的原因。故填why。 答案 why　  5.解析 考查介词。by hand“用手”，是常用搭配。 答案 by　  6.解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用动词不定式表示目的。故填to create。 答案 to create　  7.解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语。根据前面的时间状语“Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas”可知，时态应用现在完成时；又因主语表复数概念，谓语动词应用复数。故填have suffered。 答案 have suffered　  8.解析 考查冠词。the number of“……的数目”，是固定搭配。［易错点拨］ the number of“……的数目”，谓语动词用单数；a number of“许多，一些”，谓语动词用复数。 答案 the  9.解析 考查名词。空前有冠词the修饰，再结合空后的of可知，空处应该是名词，故填inclusion。 答案 inclusion  10.解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the positive publicity，空处在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词that/which。 答案 that/which 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$