选择性必修第三册 Unit 6 Nature in words（word练习）-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习课时检测训练（外研版）

课时检测训练36　选择性必修第三册　Unit 6　Nature in words 对应学生用书P371 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·湖南名校联合体联考)Written and illustrated by Shel Silverstein, The Giving Tree is a children’s book that tells the story about a young boy and a tree in the forest. The story starts with the boy and the tree being the best friends and having fun. As the boy grows older, he asks more from the tree, which willingly agrees until all that is left is a stump (树桩). In the end, the boy, now an old man, comes back to the tree and tells it that all he wants is a place to sit on, something that the tree eagerly provides. In the book, each part of the story goes straight to the point without confusing readers. The book doesn’t include the events that happen to the boy in between. We see how the boy’s needs increase to a point that the tree finally gives its trunk as he grows. It makes the book easy to read and understand. The writing style may seem plain and boring at first but we need to keep in mind that it is a children’s book. If it weren’t that way, then it would be unattractive to its young readers. The words used are very easy to understand. The phrase, “and the tree was happy” is quite moved and shows the tree’s love for the boy. The use of the word “need” also shows readers the attitude of the boy. The change from “need” to “want” in the end also tells readers the changes that the boy goes through. Though the book has been criticized as it can be understood in different ways, it is because of the truth in it that the book succeeds. Again the book is written for children. Different children have their own ways to understand the book and will consider it interesting. ［语篇导读］ 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要从内容、写作风格和语言特点等方面对儿童书籍《爱心树》作出评价。 1.What is the book mainly about? A.A boy’s great love for a tree. B.A boy’s dependence on a forest. C.A boy’s relationship with a tree. D.A boy’s interesting life in a forest. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The story starts with the boy and the tree being the best friends and having fun.”可知，这本书主要讲述了一个小男孩和一棵树之间的关系。故选C项。 答案 C  2.Why is the book suitable for young readers in the author’s opinion? A.Its story is touching. B.Its expressions are simple. C.Its writing style is humorous. D.Its topics are varied. 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The writing style may seem plain and boring at first but we need to keep in mind that it is a children’s book.”及第三段中的“The words used are very easy to understand.”可知，这本书是一本儿童读物，因此它的写作方式和措辞都清楚易懂，即表达简单。故选B项。 答案 B  3.What makes The Giving Tree popular? A.The comments kids gave. B.The writing style. C.The pictures in it. D.The truth it mirrors. 解析 推理判断题。文章第三段提到《爱心树》讲述的内容折射出男孩经历的变化；再结合第四段中的“Though the book has been criticized as it can be understood in different ways，it is because of the truth in it that the book succeeds.”可知，虽然这本书受到了批评，但是这本书仍旧受欢迎，这是因为它反映出了真理与事实真相。故选D项。 答案 D  4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To comment on a book. B.To introduce a writer. C.To recommend a story. D.To give readers a lesson. 解析 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Written and illustrated by Shel Silverstein，The Giving Tree is a children’s book that tells the story about a young boy and a tree in the forest.”可知，本文介绍了一本儿童书籍的内容、写作风格和语言特点等，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是对一本书作出评价。故选A项。 答案 A  B (2023·山东潍坊一模)In the endless sky, the unaided human eye should be able to perceive several thousand stars on a clear, dark night. Unfortunately, growing light pollution has disabled people from the nightly view. New citizen-science-based research throws alarming light on the problem of “skyglow”—the diffuse illumination (漫射照明) of the night sky that is a form of light pollution. The data came from crowd-sourced observations collected from around the world as part of Globe at Night, a program developed by astronomer Connie Walker. Light pollution has harmful effects on the practice of astronomy but also on human health and wildlife, since it disturbs the cycle from sunlight to starlight that biological systems have evolved alongside. Furthermore, the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage. Until relatively recently, humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky, and the effect of this nightly spectacle (壮观) is evident in ancient cultures. Globe at Night has been gathering data on star visibility since 2006. Anyone can submit observations through the Globe at Night web application. Participants record which one best matches what they can see in the sky without any telescopes or other instruments. Researchers find that the loss of visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness of 9.6% per year while roughly 2% is measured by satellites. Existing satellites are not well suited to measuring skyglow as it appears to humans, because they cannot detect wavelengths shorter than 500 nanometers (纳米). White LEDs, with shorter wavelengths under 500 nanometers, now are increasingly commonly used in outdoor lighting. But human eyes are more sensitive to these shorter wavelengths at nighttime. Space-based instruments do not measure light from windows, either. But these sources are significant contributors to skyglow as seen from the ground. “The increase in skyglow over the past decade underlines the importance of redoubling our efforts and developing new strategies to protect dark skies,” said Walker. “The Globe at Night data set is necessary in our ongoing evaluation of changes in skyglow, and we encourage everyone who can to get involved in helping protect the starry night sky.” ［语篇导读］ 本文是一篇说明文。当下，光污染日益严重，导致夜空中肉眼可见的星星数量减少。文章呼吁人们行动起来以减少光污染，保护星空。 5.What is a purpose of Globe at Night? A.To develop new light sources. B.To collect data on star visibility. C.To help astronomers explore space. D.To popularize science among citizens. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The data came from crowd-sourced observations collected from around the world as part of Globe at Night, a program developed by astronomer Connie Walker.”可知，该项目收集了来自世界各地人民的观测数据。故其目的是收集星星观测数据。故选B项。 答案 B  6.What does the loss of visible stars lead to? A.Poorer human health. B.Fewer wildlife species. C.More delicate biological systems. D.Less nightly culture elements of the sky. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Furthermore, the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage…and the effect of this nightly spectacle is evident in ancient cultures.”可知，可见星星的缺失导致人们很难见到奇妙的夜空景象，与夜空相关的文化元素也减少了。故选D项。 答案 D  7.What does the author stress in paragraph 5? A.Satellites play a vital role. B.White LEDs are widely used. C.Crowd-sourced data are invaluable. D.Shorter wavelengths are hard to detect. 解析 细节理解题。结合第五段中多次出现的相关数据可知，作者在强调数据的宝贵性。故选C项。 答案 C  8.What can be inferred from Walker’s words? A.Their consistent efforts pay off. B.The data set needs to be updated. C.More participants are expected to join in. D.The skyglow has been over-emphasized. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中沃克的话“we encourage everyone who can to get involved in helping protect the starry night sky”可知，沃克希望有更多人参与这个项目。故选C项。 答案 C Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·湖北部分重点中学第一次联考)I’m a hiker—“born to hike”，as my husband likes to joke. It does my heart and soul good to take a pack and head out on a trail，especially when I’m alone and can let my mind wander where it will. The experience of hiking is unique，research suggests，conveying benefits beyond what you receive from typical exercise. Hiking in nature is not only good for our bodies，but also good for our moods，our minds，and our relationships. 1  Hiking keeps your mind sharper than many other forms of exercise. 2 But research suggests that hiking doesn’t just make you feel good，it might also keep your brain in top shape. 3 Exercise in general can be a good way to decrease stress. But what sets hiking apart from other forms of exercise is that hiking can happen almost anywhere and give you that dose of nature you need to stay happy. Hiking can increase our creativity. I’m sure I’m not alone in finding that walks in nature let my mind wander freely in creative directions. 4 Studies have found connections between creative thinking and nature experiences，too. Hiking helps strengthen a positive relationship with the natural world. Besides being good for us，hiking may also help the world around us. After all，if we can walk and cover longer distances，we could use cars less and reduce our carbon footprint. 5 It increases our connection with nature. Developing a positive relationship with the natural world can help us to care about its fate，making us more committed to conservation efforts. A.Hiking helps to keep you calm and happy. B.Hiking and writing have strong connections. C.Beyond that，hiking benefits our planet indirectly. D.Here is what science is saying about the benefits of hiking.  E.In fact，I’ve written many of my songs while hiking on a trail. F.This all goes to show that hiking may be one of the best ways to move your body. G.Being a professional writer，I sometimes have trouble taking the time to hike in the middle of my workday.  ［语篇导读］ 本文是一篇说明文。在大自然中徒步旅行不仅对我们的身体有好处，而且对我们的情绪、思想等也有好处。本文主要介绍了徒步旅行的几个益处。 1.解析 根据上文中的“Hiking in nature…and our relationships”可知，在大自然中徒步旅行不仅对我们的身体有好处，而且对我们的情绪、思想等也有好处；再结合下文内容可知，空处的内容应与徒步旅行有好处相关。故D项承上启下，符合语境。 答案 D  2.解析 根据下文的“But research suggests…brain in top shape”可知，但研究表明，徒步旅行不仅让你感觉良好，还可能让你的大脑处于最佳状态。据此可知，空处与下文构成转折关系→对比选项定答案：G项“作为一名职业作家，有时我很难在工作日抽出时间去徒步旅行”符合语境。 答案 G  3.解析 根据第二、四、五段的段落结构和该空所在位置可知，空处为本段主旨句。根据下文内容可知，一般来说，锻炼是减轻压力的一个好方法。但徒步旅行与其他形式的运动的不同之处在于徒步旅行几乎可以在任何地方进行，并给你保持快乐所需的自然环境。据此可知，本段主要讲述徒步旅行能减轻压力，带来快乐→对比选项定答案：A项“徒步旅行能让你保持冷静和高兴”符合语境。 答案 A  4.解析 根据本段主旨句“Hiking can increase our creativity”可知，徒步旅行可以增加我们的创造力；再结合空前内容可知，我相信我不是唯一一个发现在大自然中散步可以让我的思维在创造性的方向上自由漫游的人。据此可推知，E项“事实上，我的很多歌曲都是在徒步旅行的时候创作的”符合题意，既呼应了该段主旨句，又证明了前一句提到的在大自然中漫步可以让我自由创作。 答案 E  5.解析 根据上文的“After all…our carbon footprint”可知，上文描述徒步旅行在减少碳足迹方面的好处。再结合下文的“It increases our connection with nature”可知，空处应是描述徒步旅行的另一个好处，故C项“除此以外，徒步旅行可以间接地造福我们的地球”承上启下，符合语境。 答案 C  Ⅲ.语法填空 (2023·湖北新高考联盟第一次质监)China has the world’s largest number of world natural heritage sites，according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. The country is now home 1. 14 world natural heritage sites and four mixed sites，2. are noted for both cultural and natural features，both leading the world in terms of quantity，the administration said.These heritage sites 3. (effective)protected China’s representative geological relics，mountains，forests and lakes，along with the rare and 4. (endanger)animal and plant species，the administration said Friday at 5. news conference regarding Cultural and Natural Heritage Day，which 6. (fall)on the second Saturday in June. In the past few years，the country 7. (enhance)legal and technological support for the protection of its world natural heritage，establishing a management system with Chinese characteristics.China’s world heritage has contributed to the country’s socioeconomic development 8. presented its image to the world. These areas have also played an important role in the protection of cultural relics，intangible cultural heritage and historic cities，towns and villages, 9. (bring)in over 14 billion yuan in average annual tourism income for the 10. (local). ［语篇导读］ 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中国的世界自然遗产遗址的现状、作用以及为国家的发展和人们带来的好处。 1.解析 考查介词。此处考查常用表达be home to，意为“是……的所在地”，故填to。 答案 to  2.解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为14 world natural heritage sites and four mixed sites，且从句中缺少主语，故填which。 答案 which 3.解析 考查词形转换。空处修饰后面的动词protected，需要用副词，故填effectively。 答案 effectively  4.解析 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处与前面的rare并列，共同修饰空后的名词短语animal and plant species，需要用形容词，故填endangered。 ［易错分析］ 考生需注意endanger的形容词为endangered，意为“濒危的”；而danger的形容词为dangerous，意为“危险的”，切勿弄混。 答案 endangered 5.解析 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰conference，表泛指，且news的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 答案 a  6.解析 考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在非限制性定语从句中作谓语。此处为客观事实，时态用一般现在时；which指代Cultural and Natural Heritage Day，表第三人称单数概念且和fall之间为主动关系。故填falls。 答案 falls 7.解析 考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。结合时间状语“In the past few years”可知，时态用现在完成时；the country和 enhance之间为主动关系；主语the country为第三人称单数。故填has enhanced。 答案 has enhanced 8.解析 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前的“contributed to”和空后的“presented”为并列关系。故填and。此处表示中国的世界遗产为国家的社会经济发展做出了贡献，并向世界展示了它的形象。 答案 and  9.解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语，bring在句中作非谓语，此处应用现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果，故填bringing。 答案 bringing  10.解析 考查名词复数。空处位于介词for后，应填名词。local作“当地人，本地人”讲时常用复数，故填locals。 答案 locals   写作规范练（六） 第一节　(满分15分) (2023·广州毕业班综合测试)假定你是李明，你的外国朋友David最近选修了中文课程。他来信向你咨询学好中文的方法。请你写一封回信，内容包括： 1.提出建议； 2.表达祝愿。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。  Dear David， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Ming One possible version: Dear David， I’m thrilled to know you’re learning Chinese！It’s normal to feel a bit anxious at first. Don’t worry. Here are some suggestions. First，read aloud poems. Chinese is a beautiful language，and I’m sure you’ll enjoy its rhyme and rhythm. Second，try to communicate often. You may find a Chinese friend with similar interests. That way，you will feel more relaxed and comfortable. Last，use websites of Chinese media，like China Daily or CGTN，where you’ll find sufficient quality learning resources. By immersing yourself in it，you’ll soon have a deeper insight and eventually be eager to learn more. The Great Wall was not built in a day. I’m sure your constant efforts will be rewarded. Yours， Li Ming 第二节 (满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2023·南京学情调研)My teenage son，Jordan，always complained about having to be home earlier than all his friends.He would tell me that he was already seventeen，but still had a curfew (宵禁).He believed he was practically an adult.I pointed out that he was not an adult as he was still in high school. “You don’t trust me！” he yelled.Before I continued，he rolled his eyes，slammed the door and walked away.I sighed.How could I make Jordan see that I only wanted to keep him safe? I decided to go for a walk，hoping the December air would clear my head.I opened the front door and nearly stepped on her：a small black cat，just like a meatball.“Hi，Meatball，”I said，bringing her into my arms.I walked back in，touching her neck gently.Meatball seemed happy enough to come in the house，but after an hour or two，she sat by the door，meowing to go back outside. “Why won’t she just stay in with us all the time？” Nathan，my youngest son，asked. I explained to him that she was happy here but she liked being able to come and go as she pleased.  “That must be nice，”Jordan muttered from the other room，complaining why the cat，not him，could come and go.He even asked me to give Meatball a curfew. Meatball became a regular. One night，temperatures were unusually low.Meatball stood at the door，meowing to go outside. I shook my head at her，afraid that she might freeze to death.She stared at me and meowed again.I patted her head，“I know you’re not happy，but it’s for your own good.” “Mom is not being mean to you，”Nathan told the cat.“She’s just trying to keep you from turning into a frozen meatball.”We both laughed at his joke. The next morning，I couldn’t find Meatball.I asked the kids if anyone had seen her. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。  Jordan nodded，“I let her out last night.”_______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As I drove to the animal hospital，Jordan sat in the back，holding Meatball inside his coat. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作思路： ［故事梗概］ “我”的儿子Jordan虽然已经17岁了，但尚未成年，所以“我”禁止他回家太迟。对此他满腹怨言。小猫“肉丸”是我家的常客。有天晚上温度异常低，它喵喵叫着想要出去。由于担心寒冷，“我”没让它出去。第二天早上，“我”发现小猫“肉丸”不见了。 ［续写思路］ 根据续写第一段的首句“Jordan nodded，‘I let her out last night.’”可确定第一段的写作思路：Jordan何故放“肉丸”出去？在寒夜放它出去，“我”有什么行为和内心活动？“我”是怎样和Jordan沟通的？我们出去寻找“肉丸”了吗？结果是否找到了它？“肉丸”是否被冻伤？再结合续写第二段的首句可知，我们最终找到了“肉丸”，且“肉丸”应该被冻伤了。 根据续写第二段的首句“As I drove to the animal hospital，Jordan sat in the back，holding Meatball inside his coat”可确定第二段的写作思路：在车里，Jordan是否担心“肉丸”？兽医治好“肉丸”了吗？通过这起事件，Jordan理解“我”的初心了吗？ One possible version: Jordan nodded，“I let her out last night.”My mouth dropped open.“She was outside all night？”I was so furious. “It was freezing and she could die！”Jordan choked back his words，stunned. I grabbed my coat and rushed outside. Jordan followed，fear welling up in his eyes. Several minutes later，the poor thing was found，shaking and curling into a tiny ball.I picked her up，unsure whether she was alive or dead. Jordan was scared，“We need a vet! Now！” As I drove to the animal hospital，Jordan sat in the back，holding Meatball inside his coat.I could hear him talking to the cat and apologizing repeatedly. Luckily，the vet saved Meatball. Seeing her eyes open，Jordan stroked her head，with tears in his eyes. Then，surprisingly，he turned to me.He apologized for what he had done.“I know you just want to keep me safe，”he murmured. I felt a lump in my throat. He rubbed Meatball’s back and said，“We are both going to observe the curfew. It’s for our own good.” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$