选择性必修第三册 Unit 5 Learning from nature（word练习）-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习课时检测训练（外研版）

课时检测训练35　选择性必修第三册　Unit 5　Learning from nature 对应学生用书P369 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·广东六校第一次联考)Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona，in north-eastern Spain，for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town. There are injuries and deaths every year，but the event is of interest to many people. A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds. That is a useful topic to explore. Architects，civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire，a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions(碰撞).Unfortunately，solid information is hard to come by. Daniel Parisi，the paper’s lead author，realized that the Pamplona bull running offered the perfect natural experiment. Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019，and filmed the runners as the animals were released. Later in the lab，they calculated the speed of the runners，the density(密度)of the crowd，the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner-group density and speed. Perhaps unsurprisingly，the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near. Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd，which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up，in order to lower the risk of a collision，which could lead to a fall and，perhaps，injury or death. Yet it seems that，in the heat of the moment，people pay little attention to the danger of colliding with each other，and do not slow down. The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels，bridges and other passages that restrict flow. The only option may well be to make them broad enough. ［语篇导读］ 本文是一篇说明文。Daniel Parisi将西班牙潘普洛纳的奔牛节活动当作自然实验场景，观察人们在危险中是如何表现的，以启示建筑设计师。 1.What did Dr Parisi and his team do in Pamplona? A.They recorded bull running. B.They proved their theory. C.They watched a thrilling bullfight. D.They designed a psychological experiment. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dr Parisi and his team…the animals were released”可知，2019年7月，Parisi博士和他的团队前往潘普洛纳的两个不同的屋顶地点，拍摄了动物被放生时的跑步者。由此可知，Parisi博士和他的团队记录了奔牛活动，故选A项。 答案 A  2.What was the unexpected finding in the study? A.People slowed down in crowded areas. B.Collisions posed a danger to bull-runners. C.Bulls coming near made people run faster. D.People tended to speed up in high-density crowds. 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd”可知，令人想不到的是，研究发现，跑步者的速度随着人群密度的增加而增加。由此可知，研究中让人意外的发现是在高密度人群中，人们往往会加速，故选D项。 答案 D  3.What is implied in the last paragraph? A.People lose their mind in disasters. B.Future tunnels and bridges may be wider. C.Panicked crowds are aware of the danger of collisions.  D.Restricting flow helps to prevent people colliding with each other.  解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The responsibility therefore…make them broad enough”可知，城市设计师的责任在于研究如何最好地规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他限制流量的通道的建设，唯一的选择可能是使它们变得足够宽。由此可推知，未来的隧道和桥梁很可能会更宽，故选B项。 答案 B  4.Which is the best title for the text? A.How the crowds react to panic B.Bull running catches on in Spain C.Dr Parisi’s finding shocks the world D.What architects can learn from bull running 解析 主旨大意题。浏览全文，尤其是文章第一段和最后一段的内容可知，本文通过奔牛节活动来引出话题，并将此作为观察人们在危险中如何表现的自然实验场景，以便在城市建筑设计师规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他限制流量的通道时给出启示。故本文的最佳标题是D项。 答案 D  B (2023·黄冈阶段性质量抽测)It’s the middle of winter，and the prospect of warm sunny days is a long way off.For some of us，it’s the most depressing time of year，when daylight is limited and the weather is often miserable.It is when the winter blues set in.So what can be done to lift our spirits? The shorter days and longer nights can make us feel down，which can cause us to eat more and exercise less.Some fear loneliness and isolation.Those people who suffer this seasonal mood swing more seriously are described as having the seasonal affective disorder—or SAD for short.It’s a type of depression with a seasonal pattern caused by a shortage of light and is thought to affect the part of the brain that rules sleep，appetite，moods and activity levels. Jenny Scott-Thompson diagnosed (诊断) with the SAD struggled with periods of tiredness and unhappiness.She was recommended for light therapy (疗 法)，which involved sitting in front of a light box as well as going outside during daylight hours.This is believed to help anyone who is affected by winter depression. Although having more light is an obvious cure，antidepressants can help those with more severe depression by artificially raising the amount of serotonin (血清素) in the brain.But this isn’t suitable for everyone，and many of us can try to just change our mindset.Clinical psychologist Laura Keyes says，“It can be helpful to think about how to adapt your eating and exercise patterns to the change of seasons.” It might sound easier said than done，but accepting winter and thinking positively may energise us.Writing for a social website，Esther De La Ford asks，“What if we explore what this phase of winter has to offer us，instead of being upset about those things that it is taking away？”She suggests we use this time for rest，reflection and slowing down. ［语篇导读］ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬季忧郁的起因以及治疗对策：对某些人来说他们可以接受光疗以达到治疗的目的，但多数人可以试着改变思维模式以改善现状，因为接受冬天并积极思考会给我们带来活力。 5.What is the major cause of winter depression? A.Eating more. B.Lack of light. C.Less exercise. D.Feeling lonely. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It’s a type of depression with a seasonal pattern caused by a shortage of light”可知，冬季忧郁是由光线不足引起的季节性的抑郁症。故选B。 答案 B  6.What does the underlined word“antidepressants” refer to in paragraph 4? A.Doctors. B.Plants. C.Medicines. D.Good habits. 解析 词义猜测题。根据本句话中的“by artificially raising the amount of serotonin(血清素)in the brain”可知，antidepressants应该是指药物。语境为：抗抑郁药可以通过人为提高大脑中血清素的数量来帮助那些患有更严重抑郁症的人们。 答案 C  7.How does the author develop his idea in paragraph 5? A.By describing details. B.By providing evidence. C.By making a comparison. D.By giving an example. 解析 写作手法题。本段第一句话中的“accepting winter and thinking positively may energise us”指的是接受冬天并积极思考可能会给我们带来活力，后面以Esther De La Ford为社交网站撰文时提出的问题“What if we explore what this phase of winter has to offer us…it is taking away？”为例来进行说明。由此可知作者是以举例的方式开展本段内容的，故选D。 答案 D  8.What’s this passage mainly about? A.The types of the SAD. B.The importance of taking action. C.The causes of winter depression. D.The way to stay cheerful in winter. 解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句话“So what can be done to lift our spirits？”提出主题，即我们能做些什么来振奋我们的精神。后文皆围绕此主题展开，故选D。文中的“lift our spirits”指振奋精神，与选项D中的stay cheerful意义一致。 答案 D  Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·吉林市第一次调研)Dowker had the“coolest diving”ever on Friday. Dowker，with her diving equipment，was cleaning the windows of the bottom of her glass boat—Yankee Sunshine，when she found a green 1 on the seabed several feet underwater. So，she 2 and grabbed it，and noticed there was paper in it.She carefully took it out and slowly 3 it.There appeared a message，which no one had seen for 96 years.The note， 4 November，1926，read，“Will the person 5 this bottle return this paper to George Morrow，Cheboygan，Michigan？”Dowker was so 6 about her find that she shared the pictures of the note on social media.Her 7 began to spread.Interest in it grew.So did her chances of 8 George or his family. 9 ，George Morrow’s daughter Michele was found.Michele immediately contacted Dowker. Even though the bottle came as a(n) 10 to Michele，she realized it was typical of something her late father would have done.“He would always do little things，”Michele said.“I know his birthday was in November.It wouldn’t surprise me if he just did that on his 11 .” Michele planed to see her dad’s 12 in person，but she 13 not to bring the note back home. “I think it will make my dad live on if I give it to Dowker.”Dowker was very happy to 14 George’s note on board to prove the 15 diving find she had ever made. “The name‘George Morrow’will live on in Yankee Sunshine！”she wrote on social media. ［语篇导读］ 本文是一篇记叙文。Dowker在清理自己玻璃船的时候，发现了一个漂流瓶。漂流瓶里有张便条，让捡到瓶子的人将便条带给密歇根的George Morrow。Dowker把自己的发现发到了网上并最终找到了George Morrow的女儿Michele。Michele决定让Dowker保留便条，以便让更多人记住自己的父亲。 1.A.bottle B.plate C.package D.notebook 解析 本题考查词汇复现。根据下文中的“the bottle came as a(n) 10 to Michele”可知，Dowker发现了一个绿色的瓶子(bottle). 答案 A  2.A.slowed down B.reached down C.looked down D.fell down 解析 根据上文中的“on the seabed several feet underwater”可知，为了抓到瓶子，Dowker得向下伸手去取(reached down)。 答案 B  3.A.unfolded B.shut C.rolled D.dropped 解析 析语境：根据下文中的“There appeared a message”进行思考→做推断：Dowker应是展开了便条→定答案：A项“(使)展开，打开”；B项“关闭，合上”；C项“(使)翻滚”；D项“掉下”。故选A。 答案 A  4.A.added B.dated C.painted D.rated 解析 根据空前的“no one had seen for 96 years”可知，此处是说便条可以追溯到96年前的1926年11月。 答案 B 5.A.throwing B.marking C.spotting D.digging 解析 本空考查常识。根据常识可知，漂流瓶是让看到(spotting)它的人去做某事的。 答案 C  6.A.anxious B.moved C.scared D.excited 解析 根据下文中的“she shared the pictures of the note on social media”可知，Dowker很激动(excited)。 答案 D  7.A.mail B.website C.post D.comment 解析 根据上文中的“she shared the pictures of the note on social media”可知，此处讲的是Dowker发的帖子(post)。 答案 C  8.A.concerning B.interviewing C.recognizingD.locating 解析 根据下文中的“George Morrow’s daughter Michele was found”可知，通过社交媒体，Dowker找到了George的家人。locate“找到，找出……的准确位置”。 答案 D  9.A.Generally B.Eventually C.Frequently D.Actually 解析 结合常识可知，找到George或其家人是一件大费周折的事情，故此处用“Eventually”。 答案 B  10.A.present B.surprise C.aim D.issue 解析 根据常识可知，收到96年前的漂流瓶对Michele来说应是一件意外的事情(surprise)。 答案 B  11.A.guard B.way C.wedding D.birthday 解析 考查词汇复现。此处呼应上文中的“I know his birthday was in November”，表示在他生日时，故选D。 答案 D  12.A.note B.name C.treasure D.equipment 解析 此处指的是上文中提到的漂流瓶中的便条(note)。 答案 A  13.A.pretended B.regretted C.decided D.asked 解析 根据下文中的“I think it will make my dad live on if I give it to Dowker”可知，Michele决定(decided)不把便条带回家。 答案 C  14.A.display B.witness C.design D.assess 解析 根据空后的“George’s note on board”可知，Dowker把便条在船上展示(display)出来。 答案 A  15.A.oldest B.prettiest C.dearest D.coolest 解析 考查词汇复现。此处呼应全文第一句话“Dowker had the‘coolest diving’ ever on Friday”，表示妙极了的潜水发现，故选D。 答案 D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$