语法 专题一 第二讲 非谓语动词（word教参）-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（外研版）

第二讲　非谓语动词 非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是语法填空的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词的常考考点为动词不定式的功能，现在分词、过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。 [对应学生用书P232] 高考真题练 微技能点拨 1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one(Xiao long bao), you have to decide whether ________(bite)a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头)． 2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ________(recognize)home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. 3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________(lift)out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 4.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left ________(want)more next time. 语法填空“四”谨记 1.巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词 (1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等； (2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是现在分词、过去分词、不定式还是动名词形式。 2.巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别 (1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，且正在进行，要想到用现在分词形式(doing)； 5.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas which are on loan from China. 6.(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutongs to royal palaces，it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully ________(build)system of ring roads. 7.(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________(record)everything I discovered. 8.(2023·全国乙卷)________(visit)several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产)while constantly growing. 9.(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言)________(teach)a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 10.(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins, ________(borrow)some familiar words from many age-old fables. 11.(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________(intend)for everyone. 12.(2023·浙江卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________(surround) in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. (2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，且表示完成，要想到用过去分词形式(done)； (3)若非谓语动词表示将来的动作、作状语表示目的、在“喜”“怒”“哀”“乐”的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等，要想到用不定式形式(to do)。 3.掌握非谓语动词的句型公式 It's＋adj.＋(for/of sb.＋)to do sth.; It's no good/use/pleasure doing sth.; find/think/believe/consider＋it＋adj.＋to do sth. 4.牢记宾语后的动词用动词­ing形式或动词不定式 1. 解析 　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“whether________(bite)a small hole in it first”相当于一个名词短语，在句中作decide的宾语，故填to bite,构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。 答案 　 to bite 2. 解析 　 考查非谓语动词。语境表示“上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡”。分析句子结构可知，空前作前置定语，修饰中心词home。recognize与被修饰词home之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式recognized。 答案 　 recognized 3. 解析 　 考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的xiao long bao，此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”。them与lift是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth.to be done结构，意为“允许某事被做”，故空处填to be lifted。 答案 　 to be lifted 4. 解析 　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”结构，表示“使我想着下次多吃点”。该题考查其被动语态的变式结构，在被动语态中，原宾补变成主补。设空处want与句子主语I构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词wanting。 答案 　 wanting 5. 解析 　 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们要和蜂拥而来的国际游客，以及来访的中国动物园饲养员交谈。这些动物园饲养员会经常来为从中国借来的大熊猫做检查。分析句子结构可知，空处作前置定语，修饰空后的“Chinese zookeepers”，visit与Chinese zookeepers之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，此处意为“来访的中国动物园饲养员”，所以空处需要填visiting。 答案 　 visiting 6. 解析 　 考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构。system of ring roads与build之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填built。 答案 　 built 7.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。此处考查“spend some time doing something”结构，故填recording。 答案 　 recording 8.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。结合句意及句中的状语“several times over the last 10 years”可知，visit所表示的动作已经发生多次，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。故填Having visited。 答案 　 Having visited 9.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。此处不定式作目的状语，所以空处填to teach。注意：后面的“or to pass”也是提示。句意：几千年来，人们讲述寓言，目的是教训人或传递智慧。 答案 　 to teach 10.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，begins是句子的谓语动词，空处为非谓语，与逻辑主语her fable之间是主谓关系，所以空处填现在分词borrowing。句意：她的寓言这样开始，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词语。 答案 　 borrowing 11.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，is是句子谓语动词，空处为非谓语作后置定语。be intended for是固定用法，所以空处填过去分词intended。句意：然而，在简单的风格背后，却是一个为每个人提供的严肃信息。 答案 　 intended 12.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词was，故空处应为非谓语动词；结合句意“在明朝，中心就是紫禁城，它被内城和外城包围，形成同心圆的样貌”可知，surround与the Forbidden City构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处填surrounded。 答案 　 surrounded [对应学生用书P233] 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 进行式 to be doing — 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 过去分词 一般式 done — 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表示完成 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首。 Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e­4 to find and study areas of the South Pole­Aitken basin. 中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号上的仪器，寻找和研究南极—艾特肯盆地区域。 (2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do(不料却……)；enough to do(足够做……)；too…to do…(太……而不能……)；so/such…as to do…(如此……以至于……)。 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，不料却发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 (3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy、difficult、hard、cheap、expensive、fit、comfortable、heavy、good、important、impossible、dangerous、surprised、astonished、delighted、disappointed等。 This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 这台机器很容易操作。只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是：在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词。 2．分词作状语 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 Seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 从塔顶看去，山的南麓是一片树海。 Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars. 像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到正确的路。 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有located(坐落于)、lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着的)、lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦的)、faced with(面对着)。 Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. 由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕降临。 3．独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常用的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking、talking of、speaking of、judging from/by、taking everything into consideration、compared to/with、to be frank、to tell(you)the truth、to be honest、to make things worse等。 Generally speaking, boys are more interested in such activities than girls. 一般来说，男孩子比女孩子对这类活动更感兴趣。 To be honest, the pay isn't attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. 说实话，这份报酬不够吸引人，虽然工作本身相当有趣。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen(strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting(invite)twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 3.(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, planning(plan)to hike back to Xi'an in five months. 4.(2021·浙江卷)Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over to plant(plant)flowers in the front yard. 5.(2023·重庆预测性考试)Known(know)as the “Black Mamba” for his passion persistence, and fearlessness, Bryant will live on through the achievements he impressed upon the world. 6.In the nineteenth century, a new type of travelers stepped onto the Silk Road: archaeologists and geographers, enthusiastic explorers who were excited to look(look)for adventure. 1．不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch. 我在会议期间一直看时钟，因为我要赶火车。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn't find any paper to write on. 突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸写。 (2)序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school. 他总是第一个到学校，最后一个离开学校。 (3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词有ability、chance、idea、hope、wish、fact、excuse、promise、attempt、way等。 The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力的最好方法是让意志力成为一种习惯。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 (4)当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，作定语的不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。 Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者) I want to go to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought? 我要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者，anything与不定式是被动关系) 2．分词作定语 (1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系，且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系，且表完成时，用过去分词。 Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally. 大多数大学现在为大一的学生提供一门专门为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学术和个人方面取得成功。 Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨晚，有数百万人在电视上观看了开幕式直播。 (2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。如：a retired worker(退休工人)、developed countries(发达国家)和developing countries(发展中国家)。 非谓语动词作定语的解题思路 表示被动、完成，用过去分词done；表示主动、进行，用现在分词doing；表示被动、进行，用being done；表示主动、尚未进行，用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行，用to be done。试比较： ①The bridge built recently was designed by a local company. ②Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky. ③The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important. [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2022·全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a shared(share)future for mankind. 2.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xi'an, as a first step to journey(journey)the Belt and Road route(路线)by foot. 3.(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held(hold)in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬)to the ancient Silk Road. 4.(2023·四川泸州一模)Last year, a new project was launched, allowing(allow)tourists in small groups to reserve places to enter the garden in the early morning before the regular opening time. Their visit ends up making a traditional folding fan. 1．只接不定式作宾语的动词： agree、intend、plan、demand、promise、prepare、decide、refuse、choose、wish、hope、expect、fail(未能)、pretend、manage、determine、beg、arrange、threaten、claim、hesitate、wait、happen(碰巧)等。 She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant, waiting to be served. 她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁，等着上菜。 2．只接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)： admit、avoid、consider、escape(避开)、imagine、mind、miss、practise、suggest、feel like、give up、put off、object to、look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.、have fun(in)doing sth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。 It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？ 3．一些动词可接不定式与动名词作宾语，但意义不同： I have been meaning to call you all week. 我整个星期都想着给你打电话。 (1)want、need、require等动词作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve。 (2) 不定式作动词(learn、decide、know、tell、wonder、show、understand、explain、teach、advise等)及动词短语(look for、find out等)的宾语时，前面常带引导词(how、what、whether、where、when、who等)。 (3) 连词but后接不定式作宾语，若前面有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2021·全国乙卷)Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: Minimize the impact of visiting(visit)the place… 2.(2023·四川泸州一模)He also gives lectures about the fight against desertification at schools of Alshaa League, hoping to raise(raise)awareness among young people. 3.(2023·河南名校联考)As the new immigrants gain financial independence and a greater knowledge of the surrounding city, they may choose to stay(stay)close to known friends and neighbors for comfort. 4.For years, Hainan has been developing its tourism industry, which aims to turn(turn)the island into an international tourist destination.  5.In my mind, they help us to become calm and consider winning(win)and solving real problems as well. 1．不定式作宾补 不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise、allow、ask(请求)、beg、cause、encourage、expect、forbid、force、intend、invite、order、persuade、prefer、require、remind、tell(命令，吩咐)、want、warn、wish、call on(正式邀请，要求)、depend on等。 If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的替代方案。 (1)有些动词，如think、consider、believe、suppose、feel、find、understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。 The Chinese people are considered to be the most hard­working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人。 (2)在sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，不定式作主补。 He is thought to have acted foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。 2．分词作宾补 (1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see/watch/observe/notice/hear/listen to/feel)、使役动词(have/get)、find、leave、keep、catch等。 Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？ (2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see/watch/observe/notice/hear/listen to/feel)、使役动词(have/make/let/get)、find、leave、keep等。 I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken. 我需要一本新护照，因此我必须照张相片。 (3)使役动词have、get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点： ①have sth.done＝get sth.done让别人做某事； ②have sb./sth.doing让……一直做某事； get sth./sb.doing使……开始做某事； ③have sb.do sth.＝get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事。 Before driving into the city, you are required to have/get your car washed. 在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2023·江西南昌二模)Several nations have proposed that they wish to have their astronauts sent(send)to the Tiangong space station. 2.(2023·重庆三模)Horses, dragons, the Monkey King from Chinese legend, skeletons—you probably wouldn't expect to see this collection of animals and pop cultural icons flying(fly)together in the sky, but this spectacle happens every year in Weifang, the “World Kite Capital” in Shandong Province. 3.(2023·福建厦门二模)Shenzhen's first coffee-themed post office opened at the Science and Technology Parkin Nanshan District. Postal elements can be seen everywhere, with stamps, postcards and cakes in the shapes of mailboxes, mail carts and an old-style postman bicycle exhibited(exhibit). 4.Rescuers found the scared child standing(stand)in some vines and bushes in the jungle, so they immediately picked the child up and rushed back to the worried family. 5.Whoever fails to return the books before the deadline will have their accounts frozen(freeze). 6.What the scientists did on Chang'e-5 paid off at last, which inspires more and more Chinese people to devote(devote) themselves to further space research. 1．不定式作主语和表语 (1)不定式作主语时，一般表示某一次具体的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置，以使句子保持平衡。 No matter how bright you are, there are times when it's better to remain silent. 不论你多么聪明，有些时候保持沉默会更好。 (2)不定式作表语时，①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim、purpose、idea、plan、wish、decision、choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。 His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 What I want to do most in senior high school is(to)improve my English. 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 2．动名词作主语和表语 (1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型It's a waste of time doing…、It's no use/good doing…、It's useless doing…。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 直接面对你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题的最好方法。 It's no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。 (2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。 My job is cleaning the house three times a week(＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job). 我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。 (3)remain作连系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接to be done。 She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。 It remains to be seen whether the newly­formed committee's policy can be put into practice. 新成立的委员会的方针能否付诸实施还有待观察。 3．现在分词与过去分词作表语 (1)作表语的现在分词，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质或特征。意为“令人……的”。 The result of the game was disappointing. 比赛结果令人失望。 (2)过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态。意为“(人)感到……的”。 He was moved to tears by the new film. 他被这部新电影感动得流下了眼泪。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1．Travelling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 2．In Vancouver, it is unusual to see(see) a bear, but in some cities you can see big animals on the city streets every day. 3．Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results so far are encouraging(encourage). [对应学生用书P238] Ⅰ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2023·武汉质检)The AI-powered ChatGPT has drawn great interest from investors hungry for the next big thing in technology. Created by OpenAI, a private company backed by Microsoft, ChatGPT 1.________(estimate)to have reached 100 million monthly active users just two months after its launch, making it the 2.________(fast)growing consumer application in history. But its popularity has also made it 3.________ target for regulation, attracting the attention of US lawmakers with questions about its impact on education and national security. Congressman Ted Lieu，said that 4.________ he was excited about the chatbot， he was also shocked by AI, specially AI that is left unchecked. One law firm focused on AI 5.________(responsible)pointed to the national security concerns. It wrote of evil leaders, non-state actors and malicious(怀有恶意的)state actors 6.________(use)these systems to generate information that could be wrong or could be harmful. At this point many of the recent concerns about ChatGPT have come 7.________(main)from educators focused on cheating and plagiarism(剽窃)．Others have voiced the concern that their computer program could also be used to spread false information. In a statement OpenAI said “ChatGPT's free use by everyone is consistent 8.________ the principles of democratization information. We don't want 9.________ to be used for misleading purposes in schools or anywhere else, so we are trying to find ways to help anyone identify texts 10.________(generate)by that system.” ［语篇解读］本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了ChatGPT一经发布就深受欢迎，这也引起了政府立法者的关注，他们质疑它对教育和国家安全的影响。 1.解析 　 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语“just two months after its launch”和常识可知，此处描述的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语ChatGPT与estimate之间是被动关系；主语ChatGPT是第三人称单数。所以空处填was estimated。 答案 　 was estimated 2.解析 　 考查副词。空处修饰空后的形容词growing，应用副词。根据本句中的“in history”可知，此处应用最高级，所以空处填fastest。 答案 　 fastest 3.解析 　 考查冠词。空后的target是一个可数名词单数，故空处应填冠词。结合语境“但它的受欢迎程度也使它成为监管的目标”可知，此处表泛指，且target的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。 答案 　 a 4.解析 　 考查状语从句。结合句意“国会议员Ted Lieu表示，虽然他对聊天机器人感到兴奋，但他也对人工智能感到震惊，尤其是不受限制的人工智能”可知，空处引导让步状语从句，所以填although/though/while。 答案 　 although/though/while 5.解析 　 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词on的宾语，应用名词，所以填responsibility。 答案 　 responsibility 6.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，与逻辑主语evil leaders, non-state actors and malicious(怀有恶意的)state actors之间是主谓关系，所以空处填现在分词using。 答案 　 using 7.解析 　 考查副词。空处修饰空前的谓语动词，应用副词，所以填mainly。 答案 　 mainly 8.解析 　 考查介词。此处考查固定表达be consistent with“与……一致的；符合的”。句意：OpenAI在一份声明中说：“每个人对ChatGPT的免费使用是符合民主化信息的原则的。” 答案 　 with 9.解析 　 考查代词。根据句意“我们不想让ChatGPT在学校或其他任何地方被用于误导目的，所以我们正在努力寻找方法来帮助任何人识别由该系统生成的文本”可知，空处缺的意思是“ChatGPT”，故可以用代词it代替。 答案 　 it 10.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语。texts与generate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词generated。 答案 　 generated Ⅱ.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中非谓语动词的使用。 Dear Smith， How are you doing? I'm writing 1.to invite you to our English party to be held on June 1st at the school stadium(邀请你参加我们将于6月1日在学校体育场举行的英语聚会), which is a good chance 2.to display your English talent(展现你的英语才能)and motivate students to learn English. During the party you will have a feast of varieties of 3.English activities well prepared by ourselves(我们自己准备好的英语活动), including 4.reciting English poems(背诵英语诗歌)and singing famous English songs, which I think will surely give you a big surprise. Besides, I'd like to remind you that the party starts at 6：30 pm and ends at 8：00 pm, so please come on time if it is convenient for you. Looking forward to 5.sharing the pleasant time in the party with you(与你分享聚会中的愉快时光). Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$