语法 专题四 第十讲 特殊句式（word教参）-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（外研版）

第十讲　特殊句式 [对应学生用书P277] 高考真题练 微技能点拨 1.(天津卷) It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 2.(北京卷) In any unsafe situation, simply (press) the button and a highly­trained agent will get you the help you need. 3.(天津卷) It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors. 　　近五年高考语法填空对特殊句式的考查很少，但考生在备考中仍需掌握There be句型、祈使句、状语从句的省略、强调句、倒装句等知识点，以便有充足的知识储备和较强的综合能力应对高考。 1.解析 　 考查强调句型。句意：当车停在了我们房前时我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。此处是“It is(was)＋被强调部分＋that＋其余部分”强调句型。本句强调的是时间状语从句。 答案 　 that 2．解析 　 句意：在任何不安全的处境下，仅仅按这个按钮，一位训练有素的代理人就会使你得到需要的帮助。此题为“祈使句＋and＋祈使句”句型。 答案 　 press 3．解析 　 考查强调句式。句意：在我回到公寓时，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。此处为强调句型it's…that…，强调时间状语从句。 答案 　 that [对应学生用书P277] 强调句型的基本结构 分类 用法 例句 陈述句 It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分(强调成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人，用who或that皆可；指物，只能用that) It is my mother that/who does the cooking every day. 每天都是我妈妈做饭。 It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird's Nest and Water Cube. 正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。 问一般疑句 Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？ Is it in 2022 that the Winter Olympic Games were held in Beijing？ 是于2022年冬奥运会在北京举行的吗？ 问特殊疑句 特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分？ How was it that your brother succeeded in finishing the difficult task？ 你哥哥/弟弟是怎样成功完成那个困难的任务的？ not… until… It is/was not until…that＋其他成分 It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅是因为它的美，还因为它的天气。 语强调谓动词 将助动词do、does或did放在动词原形之前 She does like English. 她的确喜欢英语。 Do be careful while crossing the street. 过马路时一定要当心。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1．Although it was ten years ago that I read the book, it shows me a universal truth that books are friends, always pushing us to move on. 2．It wasn't until in senior high school that I began to trust other people again. 3．Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down? 1．部分倒装 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的现象叫部分倒装。部分倒装的常见情况： (1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有never、seldom、rarely、little、few、at no time、by no means、no longer、hardly/scarcely…when…、no sooner…than…、not only…but also…、not until、nowhere、neither…nor…等。 Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills. 直到我失业了，我才意识到我应该提高我的工作技能。 (2)“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。 Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others. 只有当你能找到内心的平静，你才能和别人保持良好的关系。 (3)so/such…that…结构中的so/such连同它所修饰的成分共同置于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的进步，以至于受到了表扬。 (4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。 I loved this movie and so did all my friends. 我喜欢这部电影，我所有的朋友也喜欢。 After that we never saw her again. Neither/nor did her parents. 在那以后，我们从未再见过她，她的父母也一样。 形式倒装 (1)as引导让步状语从句时，状语从句必须倒装；though引导让步状语从句时，状语从句可倒装可不倒。其倒装结构为：“形容词/副词/动词/分词/名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语”。 Old as/though he is, he works like a young man. 他虽然老了，但工作起来像个年轻人。 Much as I have traveled, I have never seen such a beautiful lake. 尽管我经常旅行，但从来没有见过如此美丽的湖。 Try as/though she might, she couldn't get the door open. 她虽然很努力，但就是打不开门。 Child as the little girl is, she knows several foreign languages. 虽然这个小女孩还是个孩子，但她已掌握了数门外语。 (2)no matter how/however引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于no matter how/however后。 No matter how busy he is, he has to attend the meeting. 无论他多么忙，他都不得不参加这个会议。 However cold it is, he always goes swimming every day. 不管有多冷，他每天都去游泳。 2．完全倒装 把谓语完全放在主语之前的现象叫完全倒装。英语中完全倒装的常见情况： (1)here、there等方位副词和now、then等时间副词以及in、out、away、up、down、off等表示趋向的副词置于句首，句子谓语动词为come、go、leave、run、fly、rush等表示动作趋向或状态(be)的动词，且句子的主语是名词时，用完全倒装。 Now comes your turn. 现在该你了。 The Public Square is an eye­catching sight of the city. There stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures. 大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。 (2)表示地点的介宾短语置于句首时，句子的谓语动词是表示存在意义的动词(如lie、stand、live、sit、exist等)，且句子主语是名词时，句子主谓常常完全倒装。 Through the window came in the sweet music. 从窗户飘进来美妙的音乐。 Near the church was an old ruined cottage. 教堂附近有一个破旧不堪的小屋。 (3)为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可把作表语的介宾短语、形容词、分词或such提至句首，并把句子的全部谓语放在主语前。 In the cave lay a sick old goat, which had come here to die. 洞里躺着一只有病的老山羊，它是到这里等死的。(主语较长，为保持句子平衡，介宾短语提前，并把主语后置) Folded in the card was a piece of paper. Written on it was a message under the printed “Happy Birthday”． 贺卡里夹着一张折起来的纸，纸上印有“生日快乐”字样，字下面还写着一句附言。(为使上下文衔接紧密，将过去分词提至句首，并将be动词前置) [即时演练] 单句语法填空/完成句子 1．At the top of the hill lies(lie) an old cottage, which has a wonderful view of the whole city. 2．Not only did he make a promise(他许了诺言), but also he kept it. 3．John talked with me for about an hour yesterday. Never had I heard him talk so much(我以前从未听过他说那么多话). 4．Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision(他们才作出决定). 1．祈使句 祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)。祈使句的4种形式如下： (1)动词原形(＋宾语＋其他成分) (2)“Be＋表语”，如“Be honest.” (3)Let's/Let us do/not do sth. (4)“祈使句＋and/or＋简单句”(简单句谓语用一般将来时) 2．感叹句 (1)what引导的感叹句 What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What lovely children they are! 他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！ (2)how引导的感叹句 How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！ How＋主语＋谓语！ How interesting a story it is! ＝What an interesting story it is! 这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！ 3．省略句 省略是高考经常涉及的语法点。常考的几种省略情况如下： (1)状语从句的省略——在when、while、if、as if、though、as、whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it，则从句的主语和be常常省略。常见的结构如while doing、as planned/scheduled、as expected、if so、if not、if necessary。 (2)不定式中的省略——在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to，否定形式的省略用not to，但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have(作助动词用)，通常保留be或have。 (3)if引导的虚拟条件句的省略——当if从句中有had、should、were时，可以省去if，同时把had、should、were置于句首。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空/完成句子 1．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) I learned a lot about agriculture when picking(pick) fruit on the farm. 2．You can't imagine how excited I was when hearing the news that you will need some volunteers. 3．As planned(plan), it will be held on the playground from 5 pm to 8 pm next Sunday. 4．Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the early bus. 5．Look at the photos and title(看一下图片和题目), and you will guess what the passage is about. 6．The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. What a dangerous scene it was(多危险的一幕啊)！ [对应学生用书P280] Ⅰ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2022·福州诊断性联考) Celebrating Chinese New Year overseas is a completely different experience. Chinese New Year was 1. of the things I missed the most about Singapore—the reunion of family 2. (member) whom we hadn't seen for the last 364 days, the exchanging of gifts, the various colours and sounds that we so 3. (close) connect with this Chinese festival. This year, I helped my mother hang up an attractive 4. (decorate) of a giant dragon along the staircase. We wiped down the entire house together—the kitchen, the living room, light fittings and so on. Aunts, uncles, cousins came around, 5. (enjoy) a massive meal and lazed in front of the TV for a couple of hours while various Chinese New Year shows were playing. We visited the burial site on New Year's morning to pay our respects 6. our ancestors. We worked very hard in the weeks 7. (lead) up to the event. This morning, a 8. (cheer) lion dance troupe(表演团) drove slowly past my local wet market. Old folks and their grandchildren stuck out their heads from windows 9. (watch) the performance. It is this community spirit 10. makes Chinese New Year what it is. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在海外过春节的经历和感受。 1．解析 　 考查代词。此处考查固定表达“one of＋名词复数”，意为“……之一”，所以空处应填one。 答案 　 one 2．解析 　 考查名词的单复数形式。member是可数名词，结合常识可知，春节是全体家庭成员团聚的时刻，所以空处应填复数members。 答案 　 members 3．解析 　 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰后面的动词connect，需用副词，所以空处应填closely。 答案 　 closely 4．解析 　 考查词形转换。根据空前的冠词和形容词可知，空处需要用名词，所以应填decoration。 答案 　 decoration 5．解析 　 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处与came和lazed并列，同作本句的谓语，也需用一般过去时，且与主语之间是主动关系，所以空处应填enjoyed。 答案 　 enjoyed 6．解析 　 考查介词。此处考查固定表达pay one's respects to sb.，意为“表示对某人的敬意”，所以空处应填to。 答案 　 to 7．解析 　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是worked，此处在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语weeks之间为主谓关系，所以空处应填leading。 答案 　 leading 8．解析 　 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰后面的名词lion dance troupe，应用形容词，所以空处应填cheerful。 答案 　 cheerful 9．解析 　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是stuck out，此处为非谓语，且表目的，所以空处应填不定式to watch。 答案 　 to watch 10．解析 　 考查关系词。此处考查强调句型“It is…that/who…”，被强调部分为表示物的名词短语this community spirit，所以空处应填that。 答案 　 that Ⅱ.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意特殊句式的运用。 Dear Jane， 1．How time flies(时间过得真快)! I'm delighted to hear from you. In your letter, you asked me how to stay healthy. 2.Here is my advice(这是我的建议). Firstly, you should keep a balanced diet. 3.Don't eat food high in fat and too much sweet food(不要吃高脂肪高糖食物). You should eat more vegetables. Secondly, taking exercise every day helps build up a strong body. 4.Only in this way can you have enough energy to study better(只有这样你才能够有足够的精力来更好地学习). As we all know, 5.it is regular exercise that plays an important part in keeping us healthy(正是有规律的锻炼在保持我们的健康方面起着重要作用). Finally, make sure you have enough sleep and you mustn't stay up too late at night. 6．Eat properly and exercise regularly and you will stay healthy(正确地饮食和有规律地锻炼，你会保持健康的). 7.I do hope my advice is helpful(我真希望我的建议有用). Best wishes! Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$