语法 专题四 第七讲 定语从句（word教参）-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（外研版）

专题四　理清常用句式并列句、三大从句和特殊句式 三大从句、并列句和特殊句式是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分，牢记语法规则是解题的关键。在写作中灵活运用各种句式也是吸引阅卷老师的法宝之一。 第七讲　定语从句 [对应学生用书P266] 高考真题练 微技能点拨 1.(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 2.(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, … 3.(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 5.(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 6.(2021·浙江卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 7.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 8.(2020·北京卷)Some university students carried out a campaign ________ they spent their whole day without cell phones. 9.(2020·江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free. 语法填空“二”谨记 1.确定定语从句关系词的解题要领：根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。 2.关系词应遵循“缺什么，补什么”的原则： (1)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句中用who； (2)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom；非限制性定语从句中用whom； (3)如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句用which； (4)如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，则用when/where；如果缺少主语或宾语，则用that/which； (5)在“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句中，如果先行词指人，则关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，则关系词用which。 1.解析 　 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为place，故填that/which。 答案 　 that/which 2.解析 　 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。语境：在美国的中心地带曾经有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都享受着与周围环境的和平共处。 答案 　 where 3.解析 　 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”，所以空处填as。句意：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样，这种寓言形式今天仍然有价值。 答案 　 as 4.解析 　 考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫栖息地的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句式结构可知，此处缺少定语从句关系代词。先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 答案 　 that 5.解析 　 考查定语从句。句意：在1100千米的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹晟康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。根据句式结构可知，设空处所在句子为非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the man Cao Shengkang，先行词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who引导。故填who。 答案 　 who 6.解析 　 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是tool，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that/which。  答案 　 that/which 7.解析 　 考查定语从句。本句主句为倒装句，主语an artist为先行词，后接定语从句，空处与其后名词paintings之间构成所属关系，应用whose。 答案 　 whose 8.解析 　 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为campaign，空处在从句中作地点状语，应用where。 答案 　 where 9.解析 　 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，介词from和空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Many lessons，指物，应用which。 答案 　 which [对应学生用书P267] 1．关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语 Do you know the man that/whom Mr White introduced just now? 怀特先生刚才介绍的那个人你认识吗？ Our monitor is the boy whose father is a lawyer. 我们的班长是那个男孩，他的父亲是一名律师。 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。 The old man(whom/who/that)my grandpa is playing chess with is an old friend of his. 那位正和我爷爷/姥爷下国际象棋的老人是他的一位老朋友。 2．只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词是all、everything、anything、nothing、something、little、much、none、few、the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) (2)先行词被all、any、few、every、no、little、much、some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) (3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。 (4)先行词被the only、the very(正是，恰是)、the last修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) (5)先行词含有人和物两者时。 (6)先行词在主句中作表语，或关系词在从句中作表语时。 3．只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 (3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。 4．as、which引导的定语从句 as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在主句之前、之后或句中；which引导定语从句指代前面整句话的内容时，通常位于主句之后或句中。 The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。 He failed in the exam, which made his father very angry. 他考试不及格，这使得他爸爸非常生气。 (1)as常用在下列习惯用语中：as often happens、as I can remember、as is often the case、as is expected、as is known to us、as is shown等。 (2)“such/so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句；而“such/so…as…”意为“像……这样……”，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 (3)“the same…that…”表示同一个人或物，而“the same…as…”表示同一类的人或物。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2023·郑州三模)Toh's love for the Chinese bamboo flute started in elementary school, whose clear sound guided him onto the road of flute learning. 2.(2023·安徽重点中学联考)Spring tea during Grain Rain is rich in vitamins and amino acids, which can help to remove heat from the body and is good for the eyes. 3.(2023·湖北六校联考)The researcher also threw light on a truth that around 50,000 microfibers that/which fell off the surface of jeans would find their way into our bodies every time they were cleaned. 4.(2023·山西运城联考)According to IBM, it is the first machine that can debate complicated topics with humans. 5.(2023·广西桂林十八中月考)In the show, the actors and actresses are also joined by designers who/that will create products based on what they see. 6.(2023·甘肃天水一中段考)Some people whose intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, believing that is where their happiness lies. We live in an age when more information is available with great ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。 Can you tell me the reason why(＝for which)you are late again? 你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？ I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。 (1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point、situation、case、stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 (2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 (3)当先行词way意为“方法，方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that、in which或省略关系词这三种形式。 I have come to the point where/at which I can't stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.（2023·辽宁重点中学联考）According to experts, this type of Chinese folk art originated from the Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures were created as part of ceremonies for sacrifice. 2.(2020·天津卷)Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s when he gave it to his grandson. 3.Woesler said that one of the reasons why modern Chinese literature has attracted him is that many works have strong regional characteristics. 4.Adolescence is an important period in a person's growth when guidance is badly needed in shaping the characters of the teenagers. 5.Some people grow up in more formal families where hugging isn't common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant. 考点三　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。whose可以转化为“the＋名词＋of which/whom”。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us. ＝The books on the desk, the covers of which are shiny, are prizes for us. 桌上封面亮闪闪的那些书是我们的奖品。 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag. 他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 注意“名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词”结构 He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldn't understand completely. 他用英语给我们讲了一个故事，我不能完全理解它的意思。 There are about 400 students in our grade, most of whom are from Haidian District. 我们年级大约有400名学生，其中大多数来自海淀区。 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels. 上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2021·天津卷)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from which we can learn without repeating them. 2.(2023·山东济宁三模)China has many museums in which the collections of cultural relics are beyond count. It would be a pity if so many cultural relics and cultural heritages were only displayed in museum cabinets, lifeless and cold. 3.Hua Mulan, the story of whom has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty(386－534)． 4.In Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent of which were set up by local doctors. [对应学生用书P269] Ⅰ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2023·惠州第一次调研考试)Sometimes when we eat， what we're hungry for isn't food—it's the taste of the memory. Studies show that foods we think of 1.________ comfort foods don't contain any magical properties. What might be comforting 2.________(be)the feeling of closeness to other people they can bring. Thoughts about comfort foods 3.________(link)to calories， warmth or a sense of well-being. But what we don't think about is that comfort foods also provide something social for us，according to Shira Gabriel, 4.________ associate professor of psychology at the University of Buffalo. Gabriel's study found that people 5.________ have strong bonds with others are more likely to use comfort foods after an argument or other emotionally 6.________(stress)occasions. Comfort foods are often thought to be rich in calories or full of sugar. Nevertheless，other studies have also 7.________(evident)shown that the line between comfort and food isn't as clear as “junk food＝happiness”. 8.________(eat)so-called “junk food” does activate the 9.________(brain)reward system，but the happiness is short-lived because it's not the deep reward of real comfort. But there is something in the ability of comfort foods 10.________(arouse)the belonging and memory. Taste and smell stay fresh for a long time. ［语篇解读］本文是一篇说明文。研究表明安慰食品并没有什么神奇的特性，令人感到慰藉的可能是它们带来的和其他人的亲近感。 1.解析 　 考查介词。此处考查固定表达think of…as…，意为“把……看作……”，故空处填as。 答案 　 as 2.解析 　 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空前为主语从句，空处作主句的谓语。结合语境可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，时态为一般现在时；单个的从句作主语时谓语动词用单数。故空处填is。 答案 　 is 3.解析 　 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合上下文可知，此处陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时；主语Thoughts与link之间是被动关系；且主语为复数。故空处填are linked。 答案 　 are linked 4.解析 　 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处作Shira Gabriel的同位语，是对其身份的介绍，表泛指，且associate的发音以元音音素开头，故空处填an。 答案 　 an 5.解析 　 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示人的名词people，从句中缺少主语，故空处填who/that。 答案 　 who/that 6.解析 　 考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词occasions，需用形容词，此处意为“令人在情感上感到压力大的其他场景”，故空处填stressful。 答案 　 stressful 7.解析 　 考查副词。空处修饰动词，需用副词，故空处填evidently。 答案 　 evidently 8.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“________ so-called ‘junk food’”为非谓语动词短语作主语，且表示“吃所谓的垃圾食品”，故空处填Eating，注意首字母大写。 答案 　 Eating 9.解析 　 考查名词所有格。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰空后的名词短语reward system，且含所属关系，表示“大脑的”，故空处填brain's。 答案 　 brain's 10.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是不定式作后置定语修饰ability，故空处填to arouse。 答案 　 to arouse Ⅱ.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意定语从句的运用。 1．As is universally known(众所周知), senior high school life is an important turning point and 2.senior high school campus is an important place where students study and live(高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所). My classmates and I decided to do something for the coming graduation. Having had a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school. Material collecting took us a whole week, 3.during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life(在此期间，我们采访了我们的老师，并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面). Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out to be perfect. 4.That day when the video was played(播放录像的那一天), it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time, 5.which surely gave us a great sense of achievement(这当然给了我们很大的成就感). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$