语法 专题二 第五讲 形容词和副词（word教参）-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（外研版）

第五讲　形容词和副词 [对应学生用书P249] 高考真题练 微技能点拨 1.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, ________(taste)soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is ________(rare)enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting more next time. 3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ________(confidence)speaking English. 4.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)So, what are they learning? ________(basic), how to describe a panda's life. 5.(2023·全国乙卷)The ________(remark)development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 6.(2023·全国甲卷)________(difference)from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 7.(2023·浙江卷)The term “hutong”, ________(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 8.(2023·浙江卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ________(space)homes and walled gardens.  9.(2023·浙江卷)Their siheyuans were far smaller in scale and ________(simple)in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower. 语法填空“六”谨记 1.看到空格处修饰的是名词，要想到用形容词。 2.看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词。 3.看到与than连用，要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。 4.看到定冠词the，要想到用最高级。 5.看到and、or、but等并列连词前或后用的比较级，要想到用比较级。 6.看到语境中暗含比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。 1.解析 　 考查形容词。空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，故空处填形容词tasty。 答案 　 tasty 2.解析 　 考查副词。此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely“几乎不”。 答案 　 rarely 3.解析 　 考查形容词。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与空前的形容词comfortable并列，同作feel的表语，因此，空处也需要填形容词。故填confident。 答案 　 confident 4.解析 　 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处作副词修饰整个句子。由于本空位于句首，首字母需要大写，所以空处需要填Basically。 答案 　 Basically 5.解析 　 考查形容词。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词development，应用形容词。故填remarkable“非凡的，卓越的”。 答案 　 remarkable 6.解析 　 考查形容词。be different from“与……不同”是固定短语，此处作状语，且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写，故填Different。 答案 　 Different 7.解析 　 考查副词。mean在此处是动词，应用副词修饰，所以空处填originally。 答案 　 originally 8.解析 　 考查形容词。空处修饰空后的名词homes，应用形容词，所以空处填spacious。 答案 　 spacious 9.解析 　 考查形容词比较级。空处与空前的smaller相呼应，表示在设计和装饰方面更简单，所以空处填simpler。 答案 　 simpler [对应学生用书P249] 1．形容词和副词的句法功能 词性 功能 形容词 在句中作定语、表语、补语和状语(说明主语的状态、性质和特征等) 副词 在句中作状语，修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语和句子等 It's a wonderful thing to be back together with my family and talk of the old times. 和家人团聚，聊起过去的时光真是一件美妙的事。 Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem strange, but they are important. 一些文化用餐礼仪可能看起来很奇怪，但很重要。 The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others blindly. 教育的目的是要教会年轻人独立思考，不要盲目地听从他人。 有些副词如fortunately、luckily、surprisingly、honestly、actually、personally、obviously等作评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看法。通常置于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。 Obviously, a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. 很明显，一个好的习惯可以帮助我们加速到达目的地。 2．常用的连接性副词 though一般用于句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折 yet置于句首，意为“但是，然而”，表示转折 meanwhile意为“在此期间”，表示两个动作同时发生 however意为“然而”，表示让步和转折，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开 续表 therefore/consequently/thus意为“因此，所以”，表示结果 instead意为“反而，代替”，表示相对的情况 moreover/furthermore/additionally/besides意为“此外”，表示递进 anyway/anyhow意为“无论如何，即使这样”，表示让步 A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. Besides, the number of snakes had declined as well. 那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损失赶走了许多鸟类。此外，蛇的数量也减少了。 Jim tried his best. However, he failed the test. 吉姆尽力了，然而还是没有通过考试。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1．(2021·浙江卷)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed sharply(sharp)． 2．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy(wealth)people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. 3．(江苏卷)Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently(gentle)placed his fingers on the keys 高考对形容词和副词的比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面：一是通过标志词than或表比较意义的语境，推出用比较级或最高级；二是考查一些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。 1．等级用法的固定句型 (1)同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”；其否定形式：“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。 Although he was disabled, he tried to lead as normal a life as possible. 虽然他是残疾人，但他努力过上尽可能正常的生活。 (2)比较级：“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词汇有any、much、even、far、by far、a lot、a great deal等。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read. 这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。 (3)最高级：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”“one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词的复数形式”。常用来修饰最高级的词汇有by far、almost以及序数词等。 Raymond's parents wanted him to have the best possible education. 雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。 (1)规则变化 词形类别 变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加­er或­est tall taller tallest long longer longest 以­e结尾的，只加­r或­st nice nicer nicest fine finer finest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母，再加­er或­est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以“辅音字母＋­y”结尾的，先变y为i再加­er 或­est happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 其他双音节词和多音节词 在前面加more/less或most/least difficult more difficult most difficult beautiful less beautiful least beautiful (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst many/much more most old older/elder oldest/eldest little less least far farther(具体) farthest(具体) further(抽象) furthest(抽象) 2．含有比较级的常用句型 (1)“比较级＋and＋比较级”“more and more＋原级”，表示“越来越……”。 Holiday flight tickets are getting more and more cheap. 假期的机票越来越便宜了。 (2)“the＋比较级， the＋比较级”，意为“越……，就越……”。 The more you listen and read, the better you speak and write. 你听得越多，读得越多，你的口语和写作就越好。 (3)“the＋比较级＋of(the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。 Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机中，我更喜欢较小的一个，对我来说它容易携带。 3．比较级形式表达最高级的含义 (1)“否定词＋比较级”“否定词＋such/so…as”，表示最高级含义。 Your story is perfect. I've never heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了。我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。 (2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义： ①比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数 ②比较级＋than＋all the other＋可数名词复数 ③比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China． 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。 4．倍数表达法 常见的倍数表达句型主要有： (1)A＋is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B (2)A＋is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B (3)A＋is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/length/height/…)＋of＋B (4)The＋名词(size/length/height/…)＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B (5)A＋is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 Smoking is harmful to people's health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. 吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的多7倍。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2022·全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest(large)tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.  2.(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years. Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest(high)mountain. 3.(2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better(good)than to ride on a piece of history! 4.(2021·浙江卷)When the house was built, it was much smaller(small)than it is today. 5.(2021·浙江卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including lower(low)levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 6.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest(fine)work, so that he could choose the best. 1．形容词的构词规律 类别 例词 词尾加­y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky， health→healthy 词尾加­(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced 词尾加­ing frighten→frightening, appeal→appealing, reward→rewarding *以­e结尾的动词要去掉e再加­ing(如invite→inviting，surprise→surprising, convince→convincing) 词尾加­ful/­less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加­able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加­ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humourous 词尾的­ce变为­t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加­al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加­ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加­en wood→wooden, wool→woollen 词尾加­ive/­ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, protect→protective 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, science→scientific *以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加­y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny)；以­e结尾的名词要去掉e再加­y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty) 2.副词的构词规律 类别 例词 形容词＋后缀­ly loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely 以辅音字母加­y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加­ly happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily *shy→ shyly(shy中y的发音为/aI/，直接加­ly) 词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加­y terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably *whole→wholly(去e加­ly) 词尾为­ue的形容词，去掉e再加­ly true→truly 词尾为­ll的形容词，直接加­y full→fully, dull→dully 词尾为­ic的形容词，加­ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, automatic→automatically 3.易混的形容词和副词 late adj./adv. 迟(的)；晚(的) later adj. 以后(的)；后来(的) latest adj. 最近的，最新的 ago adv. 以前(以现在为起点) before adv. 以前 somewhere adv. 某处 everywhere adv. 到处 high adj./adv. 高的；在高处 highly adv. 高度地；很；非常 wide adj./adv. 宽阔的/充分地 widely adv. 广泛地；普遍地 deep adj./adv. 深深的(地) deeply adv. 深刻地；深沉地 free adj./adv. 免费的(地) freely adv. 自由地；畅通地 close adj./adv. 接近(的)；紧挨着(的) closely adv. 仔细地；紧密地 hard adj./adv. 努力的(地) hardly adv. 几乎不 near adj./adv. 近的/在附近 nearly adv. 几乎，差不多 loose adj. 松的 loosely adv. 不精确地 rough adj. 粗糙的 roughly adv. 粗略地；大体地 somewhat adv. 有点 somehow adv. 以某种方式(或方法)；不知怎么地 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and eventually(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 2.(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily(day)routines. 3.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will undoubtedly(undoubted)help you get refreshed! [对应学生用书P253] Ⅰ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2023·广州毕业班综合测试)Some people love to read books. They can't get enough of the 1.________(print)word. Others have a big appetite for making and eating food. Well, if you are both an 2.________(enthusiasm)reader and eater，you may want to take part in an edible book festival, 3.________ you can have your book and eat it, too! In such festivals, people create projects and present 4.________ to judges. There are two rules: The project must be made of food, and it must be based 5.________ a book. For example, someone might make the chocolate factory from Charlie and the Chocolate Factory with chocolate bars. Sometimes, judges award prizes to the best projects like “The Best Pun”．A pun is a funny play on words that sound similar but have different 6.________(meaning)，like “tale” and “tail”．A possible 7.________(win)for “The Best Pun” might show Peter Rabbit, the character from The Tale of Peter Rabbit, with a tail made of marshmallow(棉花软糖)fluff. 8.________(make)a pun, the project could be called “The Tail of Peter Rabbit”， 9.________ title punny enough to make the judges laugh! Given the fun and often silly nature，it's not surprising that many of these festivals 10.________(hold)on April Fool's Day! ［语篇解读］本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一个可食用图书节，在这个节日里，参与者可以用食物制作与图书相关的作品，并提交评委评审。 1.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，word与print之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处应用过去分词形式作前置定语，故填printed。 答案 　 printed 2.解析 　 考查词形转换。空后为名词reader和eater，因此空处需要填形容词enthusiastic。 答案 　 enthusiastic 3.解析 　 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填where。 答案 　 where 4.解析 　 考查代词。结合句意可知，空处指代前面的名词projects，作present的宾语，所以填them。 答案 　 them 5.解析 　 考查介词。此处考查固定表达be based on，意为“以……为基础”，所以填on。 答案 　 on 6.解析 　 考查名词的复数形式。结合句意和空前的different可知，空处需要用名词复数，所以填meanings。 答案 　 meanings 7.解析 　 考查词形转换。结合空前的形容词possible可知，空处需要用名词，再结合前面的A可知，此处需要用名词的单数形式，所以填winner。 答案 　 winner 8.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用不定式作目的状语，空处位于句首，应注意首字母大写。故填To make。 答案 　 To make 9.解析 　 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处为“The Tail of Peter Rabbit”同位语，表示其的特征，此处表泛指，且title的发音以辅音音素开头，所以填a。 答案 　 a 10.解析 　 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语动词。结合整篇文章可知，此处时态为一般现在时；主语many of these festivals与hold之间为被动关系；主语many of these festivals为复数概念。所以填are held。 答案 　 are held Ⅱ.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文，并注意其中形容词和副词的使用。 Dear David， I've learned it from the Internet that you want to make friends with a Chinese student so as to learn the Chinese language and culture. 1.I'm more than delighted that you show such great interest in China(我很高兴你对中国有浓厚的兴趣)and I would like to be your friend. 2．I will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce you the Chinese culture(我将尽可能地经常给你写信介绍中国文化). When you have an opportunity to come to China, I'll teach you how to speak Chinese and 3.show you around some famous historical places of interest(带你参观一些著名的历史名胜). 4.Anyway, I am going to help you as much as I can(无论如何，我将尽可能多地帮助你). How do you think? I'm looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$