语法 专题一 第一讲 谓语动词-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习配套课件（外研版）

英语 · WY 语法 专题一　复杂多变的动词 第一讲　谓语动词 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 will be recorded participated reaches 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 will be playing was conducting are suffering 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 have influenced have flown 返回目录 has topped had climbed had experienced 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 has been improving have been cutting had been lying 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 was released are troubled 返回目录 has been established had been trapped is being decorated 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 sets reveals 返回目录 返回目录 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 时态 1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish)to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 语法填空“四”法宝 1.慧眼识别标志词 通过寻找yesterday、tomorrow、always、since、in the past few years、so far等时间标志词来判定时态。 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 时态 2.(2023·浙江卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric circles by the Inner City and the Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes(1)________(permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these highranking officials and wealthy businessmen often(2)________(feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子)． 2.瞻前顾后找并列 表示并列关系的谓语动词往往时态一致，如and、but引导的句子时态应该一致。 3.通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题 通过题干中的语境暗示也可以有效解决时态问题。 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 时态 3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 4.(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao ________(walk)through 34 countries in six continents. 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 时态 5.(2022·全国乙卷)The chairman of the Chinese Culture Promotion Society ________(address)the opening ceremony. 6.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)You can't help wondering how hard it ________(be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 4.熟记固定句型中的时态 (1)“be doing…when…”句型中，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时； (2)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型中，陈述句常用一般将来时。 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 语态 7.(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________(amaze)by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产)while constantly growing. 分清主动被动，辨析语态 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 语态 8.(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still ________(employ)today to draw attention to important truths. 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 主谓一致 9.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ________(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 主谓一致 10.(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)． 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 主谓一致 11.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ________(mean)there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 12.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Often, only a small part of a museum's collection ________(be)on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. 1.解析　考查时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望我长大后成为一名动物园管理员。根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up” 可知，设空处表示发生在过去的动作，故应用一般过去时，故填wished。 答案　wished 答案　featured 2．(1)解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前的“In the Ming Dynasty”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时；较高社会阶层的人“被允许”居住在离同心圆的中心即紫禁城更近的地方，故用被动语态；主语Citizens是复数。故填were permitted。 答案　were permitted (2)解析　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在此作谓语。联系上下文可知，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以空处填featured。 3．解析　句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入统一管理，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously(以前)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语为复数，从句谓语用复数形式。故填were。 答案　were 4．解析　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家。根据时间状语In the last five years可知，应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 答案　has walked 5．解析　考查时态。句意：中华文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。根据语境可知“致辞”应是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。 答案　addressed 6．解析　考查时态。 句中有时间状语then，因此这里说的是当初人们把那些石头放在固定的位置上(即做成石头台阶)很难，应用一般过去时。 答案　was 7．解析　考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我来过几次，我惊叹于新与旧的共存，以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的遗产。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语；根据空前的时间状语以及下文的“was able to”可知，该句讲述的是过去发生的事，且主语I与所给词之间为被动关系，故填was amazed。 答案　was amazed 8．解析　考查语态。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。主语a simple literary form和动词employ“运用”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。空前是情态动词，故填be employed。句意：卡森证明了一种流传千古的简单的文学形式今天仍然可以被用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。 答案　be employed 9．解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。经过三年的试点，GPNP(大熊猫国家公园)将于明年正式成立。GPNP设计的指导原则是反映“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语用单数形式。故填is designed。 答案　is designed 10．解析　考查时态和语态。根据时间状语in the Tang dynasty可知，此处的动作发生在过去，主语It指代The Xi'an City Wall与动词build之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 答案　was built 11．解析　考查时态和主谓一致。文章的主时态为一般现在时，讲述现在的一般情况，故此处也应用一般现在时；句子的主语为“The remarkable development of this city”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填means。 答案　means 12．解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Often可知，该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓语动词，主语为only a small part of a museum's collection，是单数形式，故谓语动词应用单数形式。 答案　is 一、动词的时态和语态 eq \a\vs4\al(考点一　一般时态) 1．一般现在时 (1)一般现在时的构成 主要由动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是： 一般情况直接加­s hate→hates 结尾为­s、­x、­sh、­ch或­o，在词尾加­es discuss→discusses fix→fixes wash→washes teach→teaches go→goes 结尾为“辅音字母＋y”，变y为i再加­es carry→carries study→studies (2)一般现在时的用法 ①表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与always、every time、now and then、occasionally、often、seldom、never、sometimes、usually、every day/night等表示习惯的副词(词组)连用。 He often goes to work by bus, and he takes a walk after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天晚餐后散步。 ②按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go、arrive、leave、start、stay、return、begin、come等动词。 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。 ③在状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时态时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 When I grow up, I will be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。 2．一般过去时 (1)一般过去时的构成 一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。动词的过去式的变化规则是： 变化规则 例词 一般情况在动词后加­ed look→looked 以­e结尾的动词后加­d hope→hoped like→liked 变化规则 例词 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加­ed study→studied try→tried 以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­ed stop→stopped admit→admitted permit→permitted prefer→preferred (2)一般过去时的用法 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often、usually、seldom等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday、the other day、last week、the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. 我一直热衷于读书，孩提时有时候一天能读三本书。 —Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around. —Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just started on Monday. ——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。 ——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚开始住在这儿的。 3．一般将来时 (1)一般将来时的构成 由“shall/will＋动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。 (2)一般将来时的用法 表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常与tomorrow、next year、“in＋一段时间”等表示将来的时间状语连用。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话者临时的决定。 —Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight? —Don't bother. I'll drive her there. ——要我给萨拉预约今天晚上去机场的出租车吗？ ——不用麻烦了。我会开车送她去那儿。 (3)其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 ①“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look! Dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon, I think. 看！乌云正在聚集。我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. 无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 ②“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你们必须上交试卷。 ③“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1．(2023·海南琼海嘉积中学期中)If they show their green codes when entering the facility, their visits ____________________(record)automatically.  2.(2023·湘豫名校三模)A total of 16 Chinese and Italian volunteers, wearing hanfu, an ancient clothing traditionally worn by the Han Chinese, _____________(participate)in a parade launched in Venice on Feb.17th, 2023. 3.(2023·广东广州三校联考)The planet you're looking for is 4.65 billion miles away. Almost no light __________(reach)it. eq \a\vs4\al(考点二　进行时态) 1．进行时的构成 现在进行时由“am/is/are＋现在分词”构成；过去进行时由“was/were＋现在分词”构成；将来进行时由“will/shall＋be＋现在分词”构成。现在分词的变化规则如下： 变化规则 例词 一般情况在词尾直接加­ing ask→asking 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加­ing write→writing take→taking 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加­ing begin→beginning swim→swimming 以­ie结尾的动词，变­ie为y再加­ing lie→lying die→dying 2.进行时的用法 (1)现在进行时 ①表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it. 我们今天面对的是一个陌生的新世界，并且我们都在想我们将如何处理它。 Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much. 青少年正在损坏自己的健康，因为他们过度沉迷于电脑游戏。 ②表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go、come、leave、start、arrive、return、work、sleep、stay、have、wear、run out等动词。 Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left. 洪灾区的食品供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。 (2)过去进行时 ①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与at that time、at that moment、at this time yesterday、at ten o'clock yesterday等表示过去的时间状语(从句)连用。 Susan had quit her well­paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 去年我去看她的时候，苏珊已经辞去了她的高薪工作，在社区里做志愿者。 ②表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when/while引导的时间状语从句连用。 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle yesterday. 我弟弟/哥哥昨天骑自行车时从车上摔了下来。 (3)将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow、by then、from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时候在授课。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.Next Friday, I will go to another concert. They ____________________(play)something by Mozart at that time. 2.(2023·四川泸州一模)In 2011, Zhu ____________________(conduct)a survey along with his colleagues when he saw a plant that he didn't recognize.  3.The World Health Organization warns that millions of people ____________________(suffer)from indoor air pollution at the present time, which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook-stoves at home. eq \a\vs4\al(考点三　完成时态) 1．完成时的构成 现在完成时由“have/has＋过去分词”构成；过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成。 2．完成时的用法 (1)现在完成时 ①表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有already、just、yet、never、before、lately、recently、in the last(past) few days/years、up to now、till now、so far等。 China's high­speed railways have grown from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years. 在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9 000千米增长到25 000千米。 ②表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：“since＋时间点”“for＋时间段”。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? —Sorry, I haven't played the piano for years. ——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？ ——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 ③在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时前已完成的动作。 Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？ (2)过去完成时 ①表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。 When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadn't seen for years. 沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。 ②表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有before(＋从句)、by then、by that time、by the end of、“by the time＋从句”等。 By the time, Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college. 杰克从英格兰回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 ③表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope、want、expect、think、mean、suppose、plan、intend等)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it. 我本希望送给彼得一份礼物祝贺他结婚了，但我没能做到。 (3)常使用完成时的句型 ①This/It/That is the first/…time＋that sb.has/have done; This/It/That was the first/…time＋that sb.had done sth.(这是某人第几次做某事) It was the third time(that) he had made the same mistake. 那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。 ②“It(This) is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句”，从句中的谓语用完成时。 ③“It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did”“It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.”(自从……以来多久了) ④hardly(scarcely) ...when.../no sooner...than... (一……就……)，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down. 我一到家，就下起了倾盆大雨。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2023·北京通州三模)Not only are tea-related customs found across the country, but also they ____________________(influence)the rest of the world since ancient times through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes. 2.(2023·北京西城二模)These beautiful black-faced spoonbills are some of the world's rarest birds. The birds __________________(fly)all the way from their summer home to this wetland, where they will spend the winter. Now, they circle and land. 3.(2023 ·广东三模)It is the second year in a row that Suzhou ____________________(top)the ranking. 4.(2023·河南八校押题卷)By the end of the expedition, we ____________________(climb)12 mountains, peered into 108 nest boxes, tagged 35 small mammals, banded 74 birds and measured more than a thousand trees. We were tired… 5.This was the first time I ________________(experience)sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again. eq \a\vs4\al(考点四　完成进行时) 1．完成进行时的构成 完成进行时由have/has been doing或had been doing构成。 2．完成进行时的用法 (1)现在完成进行时 ①常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。 I'm tired out. I have been shopping all the afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything. 我累坏了。我整个下午都在购物，我好像什么事也没完成。 ②表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 I have been calling him many times this morning, but I can't get through. 今天上午我给他打了很多次电话，但都没打通。 (2)过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。过去完成进行时由“had＋been＋现在分词”构成。表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间。这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。 She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years. 她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续) She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour. 她告诉我她已经等我一个小时了。(动作不再继续) [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1．Since Zhangjiajie __________________(improve) its transportation and service for long, the city now can receive 36，200 tourists per day. 2．—Tony, why are your eyes red? —I _________________(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes. 3．When Alice came to life, she did not know how long she ______________(lie) there. eq \a\vs4\al(考点五　被动语态) 1．被动语态的构成形式 (1)被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。各种时态的被动语态形式如下(以动词give为例)： 形式 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般式 am given；is given； are given was given； were given shall be given； will be given should be given； would be given 进行式 am being given； is being given； are being given was being given； were being given 　 — 　 — 形式 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 完成式 has been given； have been given had been given shall have been given； will have been given should have been given； would have been given (2)“get＋过去分词”也能构成被动语态，常用于口语中，其中的get已失去原有的词汇意义，而接近于be的功能。常见的有get married(结婚)、get paid(获得报酬)、get hurt(受伤)、get trapped/stuck/caught(被困)。 2．被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时 The parts of a museum open to the public are called galleries or rooms. 博物馆对外开放的部分被称为展厅或展室。 (2)需要突出或强调动作的承受者 My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 这周我的洗衣机正在维修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有have(有)、cost(花费)、lack(缺少)、own(拥有)、belong to(属于)、take part in(参加)。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有occur/happen/take place(发生)、remain(剩下)、break out(爆发)、last(持续)、come out(出版)、come up(被提出)、lose heart(失去信心)、date from/back to(追溯到)、run out(用完)。 3．主动形式表达被动意义 (1)“系动词(feel、sound、taste、look、smell、appear、seem、turn、stay、become、get、grow、keep等)＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。 (2)当sell、read、cut、wash、write、open、wear、run、burn等不及物动词后带副词(well、easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动意义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近畅销的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2023 ·深圳、长沙二校联考)Now, people can learn about the history through a documentary called The Six: The Untold Story of Titanic's Chinese Passengers, which ____________________(release)on April 16, 2021. 2.(2023·江苏南通四模)Breathing dirty air causes the premature death of at least 1,200 children across Europe each year. Actually, many thousands more ____________________(trouble)with physical and mental health problems that could have lifelong impacts. 3.(2023·湘豫名校考前热身)So far，through the remote video monitoring system and the use of BDS and other equipment, the intelligent and information-based three-dimension system of the “sky and ground” for biodiversity protection ______________________________(establish). 4.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ______________(trap)in the mountains for two days.  5.They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ______________________________(decorate)． 二、主谓一致 eq \a\vs4\al(考点　主谓一致) 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。 1．语法一致原则 主语的单复数形式决定了谓语动词的单复数形式。 (1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health. 所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中越来越多地使用化学品正在损害着我们的健康。 To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think. 学习一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。 what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What they need most is money while what we need most are textbooks. 他们最需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。 (2)主语后有with、together with、along with、except、besides、as well as、rather than等介词(短语)加名词(或代词)构成的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 上周埃米和她的兄弟们在回到村庄时，受到了热烈的欢迎。 I think Tom rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 (3)and或both…and…连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数形式。 The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家创作了许多作品。 (4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan. 这是莫言写过的小说之一。 She is the only one of the girls who sings well in the class. 她是班上唯一一个唱得很好的女生。 2．意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数形式。 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family、class、team、group、public、committee、government、audience等。 The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls, were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday. 整个班级由20名男生和15名女生组成。昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会议。 (2)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all、some、half、most、the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语实际表达的意义。 Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。 As a result of the serious flood, two­thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing. 由于洪水严重，该地区三分之二的建筑物需要修复。 (3)“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The young, on the one hand, often consider the old conservative; on the other hand, the old always consider the young inexperienced. 一方面，年轻人常认为老年人保守；另一方面，老年人总是认为年轻人经验不足。 (4)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Three thousand American dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。 3．就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数形式。 (1)由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only... but also...、not... but...等连接的词语作主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons. 不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你，要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 (2)由there或here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 主谓一致的特殊情况 (1)“many a/more than one＋可数名词单数形式”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都不得不经历了这一段同样痛苦的过程。 (2)all、the rest、the remaining、the part等加主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。 The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull. 讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分很枯燥。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2023·浙江金丽衢十二校联考）I am sure you know something about Tai Chi. The fluid combination of slow, graceful movements and lightning-quick strikes easily __________(set)Tai Chi apart from other martial arts. 2.(2023·浙江四校联考）Investigating the way that dragonflies remain stable during flight actually __________(reveal)the techniques they use to get themselves out of tricky situations. 3.(2023·华中师大一附中适应性考试)Behind Zibo's sudden fame are(be)the efforts and services of the local government, as well as a good reputation of local businesses, which receive favorable reviews from visitors who share their experiences online. $$