语法 专题一 第三讲 情态动词和虚拟语气-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习配套课件（外研版）

英语 · WY 语法 专题一　复杂多变的动词 第三讲　情态动词和虚拟语气 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 shall must may/might need 返回目录 must would 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 may/might can't must 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 would have seen had had been 返回目录 had caught considered /should consider had happened 返回目录 高考真题练 微技能点拨 1.(2021·天津卷) It used to be that you ________ drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. 2.(2020·天津卷) Jim says we ________ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. 语法填空“二”谨记 1.若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词。 高考真题练 微技能点拨 3.(天津卷) Mary's description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I ________(be) there. 4.(江苏卷) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________(have) a good time together. 2.一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态，除了if虚拟条件句，注意含蓄虚拟句的标志词，如without、but for、or、otherwise，还应注意虚拟语气的标志词，如suggest、would rather、as if、wish等。 1.解析　考查情态动词的用法。句意：以前你可以在这儿开车开了好几英里都看不到其他人，但是现在到处都是房子和行人了。根据题意可知，表示的是过去在路上开车能够碰到人，故填could。 答案　could 2．解析　句意：吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，吉姆许可“我们”待在他的房子里，即“我们”“能，可以”待在他的房子里。故填can。 答案　can 3．解析　考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽对聚会的描述很生动，以至于我感觉好像我在那里一样。根据was和felt可知，as if后为对过去情况的虚拟，故填had been。 答案　had been 4．解析　句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构：“If＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他”(从句)；“主语＋should(would/could/might)＋现在完成时＋其他”(主句)。故填would have had。 答案　would have had eq \a\vs4\al(考点一　情态动词的基本用法) 1．情态动词近几年常考点 总结近几年高考语法填空对情态动词的考查可知，主要涉及以下3点： (1)情态动词后要加动词原形/系动词be构成谓语。 (2)含情态动词的被动语态结构，即“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”。 (3)该用过去式时没用过去式，而用了情态动词。有过去式的情态动词有can→could、may→might、shall→should、will→would、have to→had to、dare→dared。 2．常见的情态动词 (1)can/could ①can/could表示能力(could常用于过去的能力)。 Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, can easily reach the books on the top shelf. 塞缪尔是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻易地够着书架顶层的书。 It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying. 过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。 ②can/could表示客观或理论上的可能性。 It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes. 在我的家乡，三月份通常比较暖和，但有时也可能相当冷。 ③can/could表示请求或允许。在疑问句中could可以代替can，语气更委婉。 Can I have a word with you? It won't take long. 我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。 ④can/could表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。 He can't be our manager, because our manager has gone to Beijing. 他不可能是我们的经理，因为我们的经理已经去北京了。 (2)may/might ①may/might表示请求、允许、许可。might比may的语气更委婉。 —Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter? —Yes, you may. ——我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？ ——好的，你可以。 ②may/might表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。 —I don't really like James. Why did you invite him? —Don't worry. He might not come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were. ——我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。你为什么邀请他？ ——别担心，他或许不会来。他说他还没有确定他的计划。 (3)must ①must表示推测，意为“必须，应该”。 —Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? —I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting. ——我该马上通知他行程的变化吗？ ——我想你必须(通知他)，以免他开会迟到。 ②must表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。 You must be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years. 你一定是卡萝尔。这么多年你一点都没变。 Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet. 昨天一定有人用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。 ③must意为“偏要，非要……不可”。 If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over. 如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停止(再走)。 ④mustn't表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许，一定不要”。 That car is my property. You mustn't use it without my permission. 那辆车是我的财产。没有我的允许你不能使用。 (4)shall ①shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。 Shall we put off the sports meet till next month? 我们能否将运动会推迟到下个月？ Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow? 明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗？ ②shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall be punished for what you have done. 你必须因你的所作所为而受到惩罚。 Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he is nice. 告诉杰里，如果他表现得好，他会得到一份礼物。 ③shall用于第三人称时，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“必须，应该”。 One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniforms while at school. 我们有一条规定，那就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。 No reader shall remove a book from the library without consent of the librarian. 没有图书管理员的同意，读者不准把书带出图书馆。 (5)should ①should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。 I don't think you should give up the opportunity to go to university which you have been dreaming about. 我认为你不应该放弃你一直以来梦想的上大学的机会。 ②should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。 It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission. 简直是太奇怪了，他竟然未得到主人的允许就把这些书拿走了。 (6)will/would ①will/would表示意志或意愿。 I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. 我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。 —Why didn't you come to my party last night? —I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night. ——昨晚你为什么没有参加我的晚会？ ——我想参加，但是晚上那么晚我母亲就是不想让我出去。 ②will/would表示请求或建议。would比will的语气更委婉、客气。 Will/Would you please keep the door open? 请你把门开着好吗？ ③will/would表示习惯，意为“总是，习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would。 He would get up early when he lived in the country. 他生活在农村时常常早起。 (7)need need意为“需要，必要”，用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。 My room is a mess, but I needn't clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. 我的房间里乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫，我可以(明天)上午再打扫。 —Need I tell him everything that's happened to his parents? —Yes, you must./No, you needn't. ——我有必要告诉他发生在他父母身上的一切事情吗？ ——是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。 need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称和数的变化，后面可跟名词、带to的不定式或动名词等作宾语，其否定形式、疑问形式都要通过助动词do构成。 Plants need light in order to survive. 植物存活必须有光照。 Do I need to leave my telephone number and address? 我需要留下我的电话号码和地址吗？ You don't need to hand in your compositions today. 你们今天不必交作文。 (8)dare dare意为“敢，敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是习惯说法，意为“我想；大概；很可能”。 You will be punished if you dare break the rules. 如果你敢违反规定，你就会受到处罚。 I'm afraid you dare not/daren't do such a thing. 恐怕你不敢做这样的事。 (9)ought to ought to表示义务，意为“应当”，语气比should略强；表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推测，意为“应是，应该”。 You ought to work harder than before. 你应当比之前更努力地工作。 You ought not to be late for such an important meeting. 这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1．According to a newly released regulation on online video services, no one _____ generate, release or spread fake news or information by using technology. 2．When I was young, I was told that I ____ not play with fire. 3．Whatever your field _________ be, it's very important to create a good habit to read beyond your horizons. 4．There are over 50，000 characters in modern Chinese but luckily, Chinese children ____ not learn all of them for everyday purpose. 5．If you _____have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section. 6．When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we _____ go to the cinema together every weekend. eq \a\vs4\al(考点二　情态动词表示推测) 高考对情态动词表示推测的考查基本集中在must、may、might、can和could的用法上。切记：对现在和将来的推测用“情态动词＋do”；对正在发生的动作的推测用“情态动词＋be doing”；对过去的推测用“情态动词＋have done”。 结构 含义 例句 must have done 一定做过某事(肯定句) Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must have practised many times last week. 保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上周一定练习了很多次。 结构 含义 例句 can/could not have done 不可能做了…… (否定句) I saw Mr Li just now. He can't have gone to Beijing. 我刚才看见李先生了。他不可能去了北京。 could have done 本来能够做但却未做(肯定句) You could have done better, but you were too careless. 你本可以做得更好的，但你太粗心了。 may/might have done 也行/或许已经做了 It's too late. I think he may have gone to bed. 太晚了，我想他可能已经上床睡觉了。 结构 含义 例句 should have done 本来应该做但是实际上未做 Yesterday was the deadline, and he should have completed his work. 昨天是最后期限，他本该完成工作的。 shouldn't have done 本来不应该做而实际上做了 Tom shouldn't have told me your secret. 汤姆本不该把你的秘密告诉我的。 needn't have done 本来没必要做却做了 You needn't have taken a taxi here, for it is very near to my house. 在这儿你没有必要坐出租车，因为这里离我家很近。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1．(2021·天津卷)—I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. —Well, you never know! You__________ have made a better impression than you think. 2．He ______have finished writing the paper. He hadn't written a single word when I left him fifty minutes ago. 3．Now he was sure they ____ have been dropped somewhere inside the store. eq \a\vs4\al(考点三　虚拟语气) 1．if条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟情况 主句 从句 与现在事实相反 主语＋should/would/ could/might＋do if＋主语＋过去式(be用were) 与过去事实相反 主语＋should/ would/could/might＋have done if＋主语＋had＋过去分词 与将来事实可能相反 主语＋should/would/ could/might＋do if＋主语＋过去式/were to do/ should＋do If the new safety system had been put to use, the accident would never have happened. 要是新的安全系统被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。 We would be back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map. 如果你没有把地图弄丢的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。 If it were to be/should be/were sunny tomorrow, we would go out for a picnic. 如果明天天气晴朗，我们就会出去野餐。 (1) 如果在表示虚拟语气的if从句中含有were、had或should，可将if省略，然后将were、had或should移至主语之前。 (2) 如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语。 2．含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有without(要是没有)、but for(要不是)、otherwise/or(否则)等。 —Do you have Betty's phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn't have been able to reach her yesterday. ——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？ ——有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。 Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison. 要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。 3．虚拟语气在从句中的运用 (1)在名词性从句中的运用 ①在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后的宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词形式后面的同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的这类动词有：一坚持(insist)一敦促(urge)；二命令(order、command)；三要求(require、demand、request)；四建议(suggest、advise、propose、recommend)。 He insisted that the problem(should)be discussed at the meeting. 他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。 Teachers recommend parents(should)not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. 为了安全，老师们劝告家长不要让12岁以下的儿童骑自行车上学。 My suggestion was that necessary measures(should)be taken to protect the children from dangerous situations. 我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子远离危险的境遇。 当suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。 ②在“It is/was＋adj./done＋that…”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的这类形容词或过去分词有important、necessary、strange、suggested、ordered、advised、requested、demanded等。 It is necessary that we(should)clean the room every day. 我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。 It is required that middle school students(should)take at least one hour of exercise every day. 中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。 ③wish后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时、“had＋过去分词”、“would/could/might＋动词原形”，分别表示与现在相反的情况、与过去相反的情况、与将来情况可能相反。 I wish you could give me the book you borrowed from me last week tomorrow. 我希望你明天把你上周从我这儿借的书还给我。 Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her. 埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样就好了。 ④would rather所接的宾语从句中，从句的谓语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生过的动作，从句用过去完成时。 I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 要是他前天和我去海边就好了。 (2)三个固定句式中的虚拟语气 句式 虚拟现在 虚拟过去 虚拟将来 if only引导的条件句及感叹句 过去式 had＋过去分词 would/could/might＋动词原形 as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 过去式 had＋过去分词 would/could/might＋动词原形 It is(high)time that… 过去式或“should＋动词原形” It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? 打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？ It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem. 确实到了我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。 Look at the trouble we are in. If only we had taken our teacher's advice! 看看我们所处的困境。要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！ 当as if/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1．It's a pity that you were late, otherwise you _______________(see) the star from Korea． 2．I am sorry I am very busy now. If I ___(have) time, I would certainly go to the movies with you. 3．The Antarctica is so mysteriously described by some people. If only I ________(be) there before! 4．If we __________(catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. 5．It is high time that you ___________________________(consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. 6．He was still running with a smile on his face, as if nothing ____________(happen). $$