语法 专题三 第六讲 代词、冠词和介词-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习配套课件（外研版）

英语 · WY 语法 专题三　不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词和介词 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 its me 返回目录 them themselves 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 it It 返回目录 it it 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 other those 返回目录 both another, 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 the a 返回目录 a the 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 the the a 返回目录 a the 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 by in by 返回目录 by Without 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 as from on 返回目录 on of 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 with to for 返回目录 近几年，高考对不可忽视的小词(冠词、代词和介词)的考查主要集中在其基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。考生在解题时要牢记：根据语境、句意判断人称和数，仔细阅读上下文，根据代词具体指代的对象和在句中充当的成分，确定代词的格；冠词经常考查不定冠词a、an的泛指和定冠词the的特指及固定搭配；介词的固定搭配是解答介词相关题目的关键。 第六讲　代词、冠词和介词 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 冠词 1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with ________ touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious. 2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Not the pandas, even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 语法填空“二”谨记 1.根据泛指或特指选择冠词 如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 冠词 3.(2023·浙江卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect ________ culture of grassroot Beijingers. 2.根据固定句式或搭配选择冠词 英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或短语，记住这些句式和短语也有利于解决此类问题。 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 冠词 4.(2022·全国甲卷)________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 冠词 6.(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 代词 7.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________(they)contents. 语法填空二谨记 1.熟记常用的不定代词，如one、all、both、either、neither、each、many、much、little、few、other、another、something、nothing等。 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 代词 8.(2022·全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at the ceremony, opening ________(it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea. 2.人称、物主、反身代词：“成分”是关键 (1)如果句中缺少主语，则用人称代词的主格； (2)如果句中缺少宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格； (3)如果句中缺少定语，则用形容词性物主代词； 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 代词 9.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ________(I)． (4)如果句中的宾语或表语又反射到句中的主语，则用反身代词。 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 代词 10.(2021·浙江卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ________(she), everything in good taste and in perfect order． 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 代词 11.(全国Ⅲ卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they)alive. 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 介词 12.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There, you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed ________ hand rather than rolled. “四种方法”确定介词 1.根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系。 2.根据语境含义并结合介词用法。 3.根据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 介词 13.(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutongs ________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads. 4.根据介词与动词、形容词、名词等的搭配。 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 介词 14.(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ________ saving their environment. 项目 高考真题练 微技能点拨 介词 15.(2023·浙江卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history ________ the capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events． 1.解析　考查冠词。句意：肉馅应该是新鲜的，带着一丝甜味，包裹肉馅的汤是热乎的，清澈可口的。touch作名词时表示微量，a touch of 为固定搭配，表示“一点儿，少许”。 答案　a 2．解析　考查冠词。空后为可数名词单数language，因此，空处考虑使用冠词起限定作用，根据language后的used for the medical training instructions可知，此处表特指，所以空处应该填定冠词the。 答案　the 5．解析　考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。times在此表示“倍数”，常用于“A+be+…times+the+size/length/height/…+of+B”结构，表示“A是B的……倍”。故填the。 答案　the 3．解析　考查冠词。此处特指草根北京人的文化，所以空处填the。 答案　the 4．解析　考查冠词。句意：他的一个朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填A。 答案　A 6．解析　考查冠词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京晋商博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词。故填the。 答案　the 7．解析　考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示“不会使小笼包开裂，或者溢出小笼包里的任何东西”。 答案　their 10．解析　考查代词。此处是说她的房子也反映了她自己，应用反身代词herself。 答案　herself 8．解析　考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中华古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 答案　its 9．解析　考查代词。与前面的it will always stick in the visitor's memory呼应，这里表示“It sure sticks in my memory.”，因此，本空填名词性物主代词mine。 答案　mine 11．解析　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语，要用人称代词的宾格。they的宾格为them。 答案　them 12．解析　考查介词。by hand“用手工”，是固定搭配。故填by。 答案　by 15．解析　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示北京作为中国的首都，所以空处填as。 答案　as 13．解析　考查介词。from…to…为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。 答案　to 14．解析　考查介词。take responsibility for“对……负责”，是固定短语。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起拯救环境的责任。 答案　for 一、代词 eq \a\vs4\al(考点一　人称代词、物主代词、反身代词) 1．基本用法 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 功能 主语 宾语、表语 定语 主语、表语、宾语 宾语、表语、同位语 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 2.反身代词的习惯用法 与介词搭配 by oneself(独自地) for oneself(替自己；为自己) of oneself(自动地) in oneself(本质上；本身) 与动词搭配 apply oneself to(专心致志于) behave oneself(举止得体) dress oneself(打扮；自己穿衣) devote oneself to(致力于；献身于) help oneself to(随便吃/用) enjoy oneself(玩得痛快) seat oneself(就座；入席) make yourself at home(别拘束) [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism has ____(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. 2.(2023·哈师大附中四模)“I loved piecing information together uncovered in books, archaeological studies and other resource materials. It was like a detective's work for ______(I),” says Wu Xuan, 30, now a director of China Media Group. 3.（2023·深圳外国语学校七模）Yet the teenage dream seems to conflict with the experience of real life; when the same question was put to 18- and 19-year-olds, almost half of __________(they)replied that teenagers should not leave home before the age of 18. 4.(2023·江西八校联考)It can therefore be useful for people to learn and practice martial arts to be able to physical defend __________(they). 考点二　it的用法 1．it的基本用法 用法 例句 指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等 It is early spring, but it is already hot. 现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。 指代前面提过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词 That vase is valuable. It is more than 200 years old. 那个花瓶很贵重，它有200多年的历史。 用法 例句 指不知性别的婴儿或身份不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁) The baby cried because it was hungry. 这个婴儿饿得啼哭。 it用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作形式主语或形式宾语 I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here. 我已经说得很清楚了，不允许任何人在此吸烟。 2.it作形式主语或形式宾语的常用句型 it作形式主语 It is a pity/shame that... (真可惜……) It is no wonder that... (难怪……) It seems/appears that... (似乎/看来……) It looks/seems as if/as though... (看起来好像……) It happens that... (碰巧……) It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that... (某人突然想起……) It is said/reported that... (据说/据报道……) It is certain that... (……是一定的) It is no use/good doing... (做……没有用/好处) It takes sb. some time to do... (做……需要某人若干时间) it作形式宾语 “主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋for/of sb. to do.../that从句” “主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy...＋doing...” 3.it的常用短语或句型 When it comes to learning English, reading widely is of great importance. 当谈到学习英语，广泛阅读很重要。 You can count on/rely on/depend on it that he will help you out. 你可以相信他能帮助你摆脱困境。 I can't help it if he is always complaining. 若他总是抱怨，我也没办法。 We finally made it to the airport though it was rainy. 尽管下雨了，但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。 As someone puts it, practice makes perfect. 正如某人所说，熟能生巧。 Please see to it that you fasten the safety belt when driving. 开车时确保系好安全带。 I take it that you don't agree with the manager. 我想你不同意经理的意见。 It is/has been three years since he joined the army. 他参军已经三年了。 It was three years before he returned home. 过了三年他才回家。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2023·山东省实验中学二模)Besides, almost every country has made ____a must that students learn English in colleges. 2.(2023·山东月考)____takes more than three hours of driving on the mountain roads to get there, and the journey requires driving skills and courage. 3.Every new year in the heartland of industrial China, thousands upon thousands of motor-cyclists brave the weather and hit the road, determined to make ____home. 4.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using ____every day. eq \a\vs4\al(考点三　不定代词) 1．other、the other、another、others和the others的用法 other 不能单独使用，常与复数名词连用，如果前面有the、some、any、each、every、no以及形容词性物主代词时，也可与可数名词单数连用。 others 表示泛指，相当于“other＋复数名词”，可构成some...others...，意为“一些……另一些……”。 the other/the others “the other＋可数名词单数”特指两者中的另一个，可构成one...the other...，意为“一个……另一个……”。the other的复数形式为the others或“the other＋复数名词”，特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，其余的人或物。 another 指三者或三者以上中的另一个，表示泛指，后接可数名词单数；也可以用于“another＋数词＋可数名词复数”表示“另外几个……”。 2.one(s)、that和those的用法 在文中为避免重复，one(s)、that和those等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词。 one(s) one代替的是前面提到的同类异物中的任何一个，相当于“a/an＋可数名词单数”；ones用来代替前面出现的可数名词复数，也表泛指。 a/an＋可数名词单数＝one； the＋可数名词单数＝that/the one； the＋不可数名词＝that； the＋可数名词复数＝the ones/those； 可数名词复数＝ones that 代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数，也可以是不可数名词，其前面通常不能有修饰语，但可以有后置定语。 those 代替前面提到的同类异物中特指的事物，只能指代可数名词复数，相当于the ones。 3.both、all、either、any、neither和none的用法 范围 都 任一 都不 两者 both either neither 三者或三者以上 all any none 4．something、anything和nothing的用法 不定代词 句式 意义 something 肯定句 某事，某物 疑问句 某事，某物 anything 条件句、否定句、疑问句 任何东西(事物) 肯定句 任何东西(事物) nothing 陈述句 没有一点儿东西 固定搭配：anything but(根本不)、nothing but(只不过，仅仅)、all but(差不多)、none but(仅仅，只有)。everything意为“每件事物，所有事物”，强调整体，与not连用时表示部分否定，意为“并不是所有事物都……”。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1．Just an hour after completing her first aid course, Mamta was waiting at a bus stop when she heard a crash and saw a motorcyclist flying through the air—his helmet was going one way and his motorbike the _____． 2．However, quite a few others, especially _____ in the countryside, would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”． 3．And the hutong today is fading into the shade for ____ tourists and local people. 4．As far as I am concerned, cycling is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles don't need any petrol and they are energy­saving. For _________bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gas. 二、冠词 eq \a\vs4\al(考点一　冠词的基本用法) 1．不定冠词a、an (1)在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。如a university、a useful animal、a European car、an hour、an honest boy、an X­ray、an ugly man、an honor等。 Judging from his words, he must be an honest man. 从他的话判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。 As is known to us, Russia is a European country. 众所周知，俄罗斯是一个欧洲国家。 (2)不定冠词a/an放在可数名词单数前，泛指一个人或一个事物。 They found an apartment in America where they lived only half a year. 他们在美国找到一个公寓，在那里待了仅仅半年。 (3)表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。 It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly. 那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月亮在夜空中闪耀着。 (4)表示数量。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。 As the old saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.” 常言道：“伟业非一日之功。” (5)不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain。 A Mr Brown came to see you just now. 刚才有一位布朗先生来找你了。 (6)“a/an＋序数词”表示“又一，再一”；“a most＋形容词”表示“非常，很”。 I really enjoyed my stay in Xi'an. It's indeed worth a second visit. 我真的喜欢待在西安，它的确值得再次参观。 He put forward a most useful suggestion at the meeting. 在会议上他提出了一个非常实用的建议。 (7)在success、failure、surprise、pleasure、beauty、wonder、comfort、danger、shock等抽象名词前表示“一个……的人，一件……的事”。 The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger. 手术很成功，病人目前脱离了危险。 2．定冠词the (1)特指某人或某事。 The village where I was born has taken on a new look in the past ten years. 在过去十年里，我出生的那个小村庄已经呈现出新的面貌。 (2)用于序数词和形容词/副词最高级以及形容词(only、very、same等)之前。 As is known to all, China is the biggest developing country in the world. 众所周知，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China． 杨利伟是中国第一个登上太空的人。 (3)在某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或在姓氏复数前表示一家人。 As far as I know, the Greens are going to move to Beijing. 据我所知，格林一家要搬到北京去。 (4)用在世界上独一无二的事物、西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前。 The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school. 这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴，经常放学后演奏。 (5)用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour、by the day、by the week、by the dozen、by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词时，之前不用冠词，如by weight、by height等。 As far as I know, he will get paid by the week. 据我所知，他会按周得到报酬。 (6)用于the more...the more... (越……越……)结构中。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越仔细，犯的错误就会越少。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2021·全国乙卷)Due to ____growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is ____must to visit! 3.(2020·浙江卷)A child born in the US today has ____very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly. 4.(2023·河南联考)Every summer in ancient Hangzhou, ____capital city of the Southern Song Dynasty, each family cooked a new tea called Qijia tea, primarily together with fine fruits of various colors. eq \a\vs4\al(考点二　固定搭配中的冠词) 1．不定冠词用于固定短语中 at a loss　　　　　　　　 不知所措；困惑 have a word with 与……谈话 all of a sudden 突然 in a hurry 匆忙地 as a rule 通常 pay a visit to 参观；拜访 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a result/consequence 因此 be on a diet 节食 have a gift/talent for 在某方面有天赋 have/catch a cold 感冒 make a living 谋生 have/take a rest 休息 in a way 从某种意义上说 give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车 do sb.a favor 帮某人一个忙 keep an eye on 留心 2．定冠词用于固定短语中 at the moment 此刻；目前 at the same time 同时 not in the least 一点儿也不 on the contrary 相反 in the end 最后；最终 on the whole 总的来说 to tell the truth 说实话 in the distance 在远处 on the other hand 另一方面 to the point 中肯；切题 make the most of 充分利用 by the way 顺便说一下 go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧 in the middle of 在……中间 3．零冠词用于固定短语中 on purpose 故意地 by chance 碰巧 catch/on fire 着火 at dawn/dusk 在黎明/黄昏 face to face 面对面地 in debt 负债 in fact 实际上 make room for 给……让出空间 out of date 过时的 heart and soul 全心全意地 in danger 在危险中 in return 作为回报 side by side 肩并肩地 from time to time 不时地 hand in hand 手拉手 day after day 天天地；日复一日地 day by day 一天天；渐渐地 out of place 不合适 on foot 步行 in place 在正确位置 4．冠词有无，意义不同 in charge of(负责)　vs　in the charge of…(由……负责)； at table(在吃饭)　vs　at the table(在桌旁)； out of question(毫无疑问，没问题)　vs　out of the question(不可能)； by day(在白天)　vs　by the day(按天计算)。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2021·全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all ____way around the Xi'an City Wall. 2.(2020·浙江卷)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with ____rise of science, changes began. 3.In a sometimes callous(冷漠的)world where people can be so focused on what they're doing, a random act of kindness can make ____difference. 4.The data from this extreme weather station is enabling scientists to directly keep ____close eye on the jet stream and understand how Himalayan climate is changing. 5.In China, food deliverymen are always in a rush on the road regardless of wind or rain. Though they make our life more convenient, this can come at ____cost of their life. 三、介词 eq \a\vs4\al(考点一　常考介词) 1．at、in、on表示“时间” (1)at表示某一时刻。 at 12：00(在12点)、at noon(在中午)、at night(在夜里)、at midnight(在半夜)、at dawn/daybreak(在黎明/破晓)、at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落)、at dusk(在黄昏) (2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间。 in the 1980s(在20世纪80年代)、in the Qing Dynasty(在清朝)、in October(在十月份)、in the morning/afternoon/evening(在上午/下午/晚上) (3)on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如某日、某节日、星期几等)。 on October 1st(在10月1号)、on a rainy day(在一个下雨天)、on the National Day(在国庆节)、on the morning of July 3rd(在7月3号上午) 2．by、before、after、until/till、during、within表示时间 (1)by(到……时为止) (2)before(在……以前) (3)after(在……后) (4)until/till(直到……为止) (5)during(在……期间) (6)within(在……之内) He often falls asleep during the class, which makes his teacher very angry. 他常常上课睡觉，这使他的老师很生气。 3．between、among表示“在……之间” between表示“在……之间(两者之间)”，常和and连用；among表示“在……之间(三者或三者以上)”。 This is just between you and me. 这事只限我们两人知道。 4．by、on、in、with表示“使用……工具、手段、方式等” (1)by/on表示“乘、坐(交通工具)”“通过……方式”。 by bike(骑自行车)、by taxi(坐出租车)、by plane(乘飞机)、by ship(乘船)、go to school on one's bike(骑自行车上学)、on foot(步行) (2)in当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、材料等的词。 Her parents always talk to her in German. 她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。 (3)with表示“使用(某种具体的工具、手段等)”。 We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。 5．about、on表示“关于” about多用于表示内容比较普通、不太正式的情形；on多指内容属于专门性的，是严肃的或学术性的。有时两者可通用。 He gave a report about/on the international situation at the meeting. 他在会上做了一个关于国际形势的报告。 6．from、since表示时间 (1)from表示开始的时间，意为“从……开始”，多用于“from…to/till”结构中。 We work from Monday to Friday every week. 我们每周从周一工作到周五。 (2)since表示“自……以后，从……以来”。 I haven't heard from him since last year. 自从去年，我就没有收到过他的来信。 7．with的常见用法 和……一起(表示关系)；具有，带有(表示状态)；用……，凭借……(表示方式)；由于，因为(表示原因)。 Would you like to go to the theatre with us? 你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？ The small child trembled with fear. 那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。 8．for的用法 表示“为了；给，对(表示对象、用途等)；因为，由于；向，往(表示去向)；就……而言”。 The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education. 我们大多数人最关心的是公共教育的质量问题。 9．without的用法 表示“没有，缺乏；不和……在一起；不用，不拿，不带”。 It is a pity that David is away on business. Anyhow, you've got a great deal of time to tour in New York without him. 很遗憾，戴维出差了。不管怎样，你有大量时间在没有他的情况下游览纽约。 10．against的用法 倚靠着……(表示方位)；反对(表示态度)；以……为背景(表示对比)。 An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it. 看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。 11．beyond的用法 在……另一边，在……更远处(表示位置)；超出，非……所能及(表示程度)。 Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story. 听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ____the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 2.(2021·全国甲卷)It was built originally to protect the city ____the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)． 3.(2021·浙江卷)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____2.1 in women and men. 4.(2020·浙江卷)This aging of the population is driven ____two factors. 5.(2023·湖南师大附中模拟)The bridges over rivers are certainly essential for the local people, for they allow people living in these remote areas to travel to different areas. ________the bridges, access to essential services, medical treatment and school education would be extremely difficult. eq \a\vs4\al(考点二　介词短语) 1．at＋名词 at a loss　　　　　　　 不知所措 at dinner 在吃晚餐 at peace 处于和平状态 at dawn 在黎明 at war 在战争中 at work 在工作 2．by＋名词 by accident 偶然地 by chance 偶然地 by force 用暴力 by hand 手工地 by mistake 错误地 by the month 按月算 3．beyond＋名词 beyond comparison 无与伦比 beyond control 失控 beyond description 难以描述 beyond doubt 毋庸置疑 beyond expression 难以表达 beyond(one's)reach 够不到 4．in＋名词 in bed 在床上；卧床 in danger 处于危险中 in debt 负债 in difficulty 处于困难中 in high spirits 情绪高昂 in need 处于困难中 in order 整齐；井然有序 in surprise 吃惊地 in trouble 在困难中 in use 使用中 5．on＋名词 on a trip 在旅行 on business 出差 on display/show 在展出 on duty 在值班 on holiday/vacation 在度假 on sale 在出售 on strike 在罢工 on the way 在途中 6．out of＋名词 out of balance 失去平衡 out of control 失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险 out of date 过期 out of order 出故障 out of work 失业 7．under＋名词 under consideration 在考虑中 under construction 在建造中 under control 在控制之下 under discussion 在讨论中 under pressure 在压力下 under repair 在修理中 under treatment 在治疗中 8．其他高频介词短语 against time 争分夺秒 at the sight of 一看到…… at the age of 在……岁时 in the face of 面对；面临 in addition(to) 另外；除了 in case of 万一 in charge of 负责；主管 in favour of 赞成；支持 in need of 需要 in no time 立刻 in a hurry 匆忙 in preparation for 为……做准备 in return for 作为回报 of help/use 有帮助的/有用的 of importance 重要的 on behalf of 代表 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve ____an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 2.(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilometers ____Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, planning to hike back to Xi'an in five months. 3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist ____earth, Mother Nature. 4.(2023·安徽安庆一中三模)They noted that as China builds itself into a strong sporting nation and health awareness is ____the increase, more and more people start to take part in sports and activities like ultimate Frisbee during their spare time. 5.(2023·哈尔滨九中考前模拟)It was ____great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. eq \a\vs4\al(考点三　动词短语中的介词) 1．常考的含介词的动词固定结构和搭配 (1)用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋of＋sth.”结构的常见动词：accuse(控告)、cheat(欺骗)、cure(治愈)、inform(通知)、remind(使想起)、rob(抢劫)、warn(警告)、rid(使摆脱)、suspect(怀疑)、persuade(说服)、convince(使信服)。 You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情。 (2)用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋for＋sth.”结构的常见动词：blame(责备)、criticize(批评)、forgive(原谅)、excuse(原谅)、pardon(原谅)、punish(惩罚)、scold(责备)、thank(感谢)、praise(赞扬)、respect(尊重)、admire(钦佩；赞赏)。 The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching. 这所学校因其出色的教学而广受赞誉。 (3)用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋from＋(doing)sth.”结构的常见动词：prevent(阻止)、stop(阻止)、keep(阻止)、protect(保护)、preserve(保护；保存)、defend(保卫)、ban(禁止)、prohibit(阻止；禁止)、shelter(保护)。 You need warm clothes to protect yourself from the cold. 你需要穿暖些，以免着凉。 2．常考的含介词的动词短语 account for　　　　 占……(比例)；解释……(原因) act as 充当；起作用 break away from 脱离；逃离 break down 打破，消除 break up 粉碎；破碎；解散 bring about 引起；导致；造成 bring down 降低；减少；使(飞机)着陆 bring up 提出(讨论)；抚养，养育 call for (去)接；需要；(公开)要求 carry out 履行；实施；执行 carry through 帮助……渡过难关；成功完成；顺利实现 come across (偶然)遇见，碰见；发现 come to an end 终止，结束 come up with 提出 do harm to 对……有害 do without 没有……也行；没有……而设法对付过去 end up with 以……结束 get across 被传达；被理解；把……讲清楚 get around 传播；流传；各处走动 get down to 开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事 get over 解决；克服；控制 get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 get through 正式通过；(用电话)接通，联系上；顺利通过(考试等) give away 赠送；颁发；泄露 give rise to 使发生 give way to 屈服；退让；让步 go against 违反；与……不符 go in for 参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物有兴趣，爱好 go through 经历 hold back 拦阻，阻挡；隐瞒 hold on 握住；抓牢 keep in touch with 与……联系 look down on/upon 轻视；瞧不起 look into 调查；审查 make out 理解，明白；辨认出；声称 make the best of 尽可能善用；尽力而为 be made up of 由……组成 pick up 捡起；用车接(某人)；接收；偶然习得 put off 推迟，延迟；取消；使疏远 put up 搭建，竖立；张贴；提升 put up with 忍受，容忍 see through 看穿；识破 see to 照料；处理 set about 着手做 set aside 留出；暂不考虑 show around/round 领(某人)参观 show off 炫耀；展示 take in 吸入；理解，领会；注意到 take off 脱下，摘掉 take on 承担；呈现，具有 take up 开始从事；占用，占据 turn down 关小，调低；拒绝，顶回 work out 计算出；制定出 [即时演练] 单句语法填空 1.(2023·河南郑州考前押题)On our first workday, we set off at dawn. We paired off: one volunteer and one scientist. We dealt ____different tasks. 2.(2023·哈三中五模)Various historical and cultural factors have contributed ____the diverse customs. 3.(2023·湖北荆门龙泉中学考前模拟)Over the weekend, women accounted ____nearly 60 percent of consumers who traveled, according to an online travel agency based in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. $$