时态第1讲 现在完成时(过去)2023-2024学年牛津译林版八年级英语下册

现在完成时 Part 1 现在完成时 现在完成时表示事情发生在“过去”，并一直持续到“现在”。 如：He has not passed the driving test yet. 他还没通过驾照考试。 We haven’t seen the film. 我们还没看过那部电影。 1. 常见标志词 现在完成时常和already，just，yet，ever，never，once，twice，since，for连用。 2. 基本结构 现在完成时的动词结构是：have/has + 动词的过去分词。 Have done Has done 用法 除了第三人称单数的所有人称 第三人称单数 肯定式 We have finished our homework. She has gone home. 否定式 We haven’t finished our homework. She hasn’t gone home. 疑问式 Have you finished your homework? Has she gone home? 简略回答 Yes，we have. / No，we haven’t. Yes，she has. / No，she hasn’t. 动词的过去分词与动词的过去式的变化规律基本相同： 情况 构成规则 举例 一般的动词 在词尾加 –ed work→worked， start→started 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词 在词尾加 –d live→lived 以“辅音字母+字母y”结尾的动词 改词尾的y为 –ied study→studied， cry→cried 重读闭音节结尾单词 双写词尾的辅音字母，再加 –ed stop→stopped， drop→dropped 特殊变化 没有统一的规则（见下表） 不规则动词时态变化表 变化类型 Example A---A---A型 （现在式、过去式和过去分词同形） cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形） beat beat beaten 打 A---B---A型 （现在式和过去分词同形） come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 A ---B ---B型 （过去式和过去分词同形） (1)词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思是 hear heard heard 听见 (2)词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费 (3)其他 pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 win won won 得胜 catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 feel felt felt 觉得 fight fought fought 战斗 find found found 发现 get got got 得到 hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂 have had had 有 hold held held 握 leave left left 离开 make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 sell sold sold 卖 tell told told 告诉 smell smelt/smelled smelt/smel