期中Units1-4主要语言点复习笔记2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语下册

Unit 1 主要语言点复习笔记 一、词形变化 1.北方north/北方的northern part（东east/eastern part,西west/western part,南south/southern part）2.结婚marry/married结婚的3.污染(v.)pollute/污染(n.)pollution 4.factory/factories 5.可能的possible/不可能的impossible/不可能地impossibly 6.最近的recent/最近recently 7.交流（v.）communicate/交流（n.）communication 二、重点短语（词组） 1.used to ________过去常常做某事 2.be/get used to __________.习惯于做某事3.be used to__________被用来做某事 4.write a report __________________ 写一个有关你家乡的变化的报道5.talk about transport _________________ 讨论不同时期的交通工具6.________ sb. to get some information 采访某人得到些信息7.know sunshine town _____对阳光镇很了解8.move _______搬家9..in the _______ part of town 在这个镇的北部10.结婚 get ________11.已婚_________ 12..______ then 自从那以后 13.since _____________ 我出生/ since ______________上周六/since ________________（三天前）14. change a lot _________ 这些年变化巨大 15.________/________/put sth. into把某物变成某物 16.put the ______ into the river把垃圾倒入河里（ put down放下 _________收好 put on穿上__________ 推迟、延期）17.take action ____________________ 采取行动改善情况18.___ some ways 在某些方面；___ the way (to ) 在……的路上，____ the way顺便说，___ way 没门19.become___________ 变得不可能 20.see each other ____________________像以前一样经常看到对方21.play cards and Chinese _____ 打牌下棋22.feel _______________感到有点孤单 23.from time to time = ____________ = sometimes有时24.interview sb.= have an________________ sb.采访某人 25.all his life 他整个一生 26.teach me. a lot about __________________ 教我很多有关中国的历史 27.____________ a film about the history of Beijing 讨论一个有关北京历史的影片28.__________________ Beijing’s past and present对北京的过去和现在了解更多29.hear about/of听说；hear from sb.= receive/ get one’s letter =receive/get a letter of sb. 收到某人来信30.return ____________(_______________)把某物归还给某人，return from 从......返回 31.go_________for a holiday 去国外度假 at home or abroad 在国内外 32.互相保持联系_______________ with each other=stay in touch with each other 33.make ______________ much easier使得联系更容易 34. ________发生（有目的有计划的）、举行), __________发生(偶然发生)  35.a river runs _________ the centre of town一条小河流过镇中心36. get used to ________________ 习惯了生活的变化37.______ one’s own = by oneself = alone 独自.38.____________ time 在他们业余时间 39..travel ________the town  在镇周围转转40.have their own cars= have cars of __________ 有他们自己的汽车 三、重点句型 1.When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away.1965年我结婚时，我和妻子搬到两个街区以外。 【要点讲解】get married“结婚”，婚姻状况由未婚变为“已婚”，强调变化，具有不可延续性。比较：be married“已婚”，指人的婚姻状况，具有延续性。 --How long____they__________?--For about 10 years.They__________in 1990. 2. There were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one. 公共汽车上总是有太多的人，并且要花费很长时间等待下一班车。 【讲解】It takes/took/will take sb.some time to do sth. take有三种时态变化。 3. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before. 对我们来说像以前一样经常见到彼此已经不可能。 【要点讲解]①It has become impossible for us to....是It’s+adj.+for sb. to do sth.的变式。It________________________________（变得越来越重要） for us to have a healthy lifestyle.② as...as...“像......一样”，as often as before“像以前一样经常”，类似的还有，as soon/early as possible（sb. can）, as cold/hot as yesterday 4. Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town. Sunshine Town 已经发生了惊人的变化。 【要点讲解] take place“发生，产生，进行，举行”(有计划、安排），主语为已发生或要发生的事①The activity _______________ on Sunday,rain or shine.活动定于星期日举行，风雨无阻。②Our sports meeting __________（举行）in the school playground last Sunday. 【链接】happen表示事情的发生带有偶然性，意为“发生，碰巧，出现，偶遇”，后接to sb./sth.①--What__________（发生） you yesterday?--My car crashed into a tree by accident.②Ms Li______________（碰巧遇到） an old friend of hers in the supermarket and forget to do some shopping. 5.Local people________________ old houses,but now,most of them __________________ new flats.当地人过去常常居住在旧房子里，但是现在他们大多数已经搬到了新的公寓。 6.She’s just returned from the USA.她刚刚从美国回来。 【要点讲解】return不及物动词“返回，回来/去”=go/come back, return to sp.“回到某地”。①-When did you __________（回到家）(adv.) last night?--Until 11 o’clock.②Suddenly she _____________（回到学校）this morning. 【拓展】return 及物动词“归还”=give sth. back to sb. Surely you can borrow my computer, but you must_____________（还给我） before this Friday. 7.We mainly____________ by email.The Internet makes ____________ much easier.我们主要通过电子邮件交流，网络使交流变得更加容易。 8.It is not easy ______________ the changes of life quickly.快速习惯生活的变化是不容易的。 9.My uncle ________________in the city,but now he _____________in the countryside.我叔叔曾居住在城市，但现在他习惯居住在乡下了。 【要点讲解】①used to +do sth. “过去常常，曾经”，get/be used to to doing sth.“习惯于做某事” 10.I have to________ more time _____ my homework than _______. 比起以前我不得不花费更多的时间在我的家庭作业上。 四、语法点拨 现在完成时（1） 1.用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。注意三点：①不能出现过去时间 ②动作发生在过去 ③给现在带来影响 2.构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词 3.过去分词的构成:①规则变化：大多数动词的过去分词跟过去式一样。（play-played-played, shop-shopped-shopped,study-studied-studied）②不规则变化：有些动词的过去分词和过去式相同（learn-learnt-learnt, hear-heard-heard, hit-hit-hit,sit-sat-sat,make-made-made,smell-smelt-smelt).有些动词的过去分词和过去式不同（run-ran-run, ring-rang-rung, fall-fell-fallen,give-gave-given） 4.标志性时间：already, yet, just, ever, never, recently, before 需要注意的是：already用于肯定句或用于表示惊讶、怀疑或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中，意为“已经”，yet用于疑问句，表示“已经”，用于否定句，表示“还”。before用于句尾。①--Have you already passed the driving test?--Of course.-（你已经通过驾证测试了？-当然啦！）②He has never heard a story like this before.他以前从未听说过这样的故事。 5.句型；①肯定句 ②否定句 三一般疑问句 ④特殊疑问句 Unit 2 主要语言点复习笔记 一、词形变化 1.travel/travelling 2.feel/felt/felt/feeling 3.sand/sandy 4.marry/married 5.die/dead/death/dying 6.beautiful/beauty7.direct/directly 8.fly/flight 二、重点短语（词组） 1.自从上周______last week 2.玩得开心极了have a _____time 3.高速移动move__________4.例如such_____5.急忙去参观吃快餐______a restaurant to have a_____meal 6.激动起来_____excited 7.下午晚些时候开始begin ____in the afternoon 8.禁不住拍照can’t___________photos（情不自禁地哭起来can’t help _____）9.感觉到有风______the wind 10.一堆钥匙环___________key rings 11.那天结束的时候______________the day (那天开始的时候__________the day)12.在焰火映衬下显得很明亮look bright __________13.在沙滩上玩play_________14.在寒假的第一天____________of the winter holiday 15.中国园林Chinese_______16.海滨城市_____cities17.主题公园_____parks 18.自然美景圣地places of___________18.一年到头__________19.在除了冬季的任何季节里in any season __________20.每年的那个时候____________of year 21.五一假期_______________22.去成都出差go to Chengdu ___________23.直航成都______________to Chengdu 24.出发去机场________the airport .三、重点句型 1.The roller coaster in the dark __________（高速运转）and was really exciting. 2.We were screaming and laughing______________（整个运行过程中). 3.Next,we hurried to a restaurant _______________（吃快餐). 4.I ran after them and___________________________（禁不住拍照). 5.Hope you’ve ______________（玩得开心）there. 6.My parents_________（结婚） fifteen years ago. 7.My Dad has been to Chengdu__________（出差）twice. 8.You’d better ______________（直航）Beijing. 9.Sandy can go there in ___________________（除了冬季的任何季节). 10.The weather in Hong Kong was quite _______________（不同于北京的） 11.My parents and I ________________（出发去机场）in the early morning. 四、语法点拨 现在完成时（2） 1.I have been there twice before. 2.They have never been to Hong Kong. 点拨(1):have/has been to sp.表示“去过某地”（现在不在某地）。后接there等副词时to要省略。 3.Kitty has gone to Hong Kong with her family. 点拨(2):have/has gone to sp.表示“已去某地”（在途中或已抵达），后接副词时to要省略。 4.My parents and I have been in HongKong for two days. 点拨(3):have/has been in sp.表示“在某地，已来/到某地（状态）” 5.We haven’t seen each other since last week. 6.The lamb has been dead for quite some time. 点拨(4):现在完成时还可以表示“从过去发生一直持续到现在或将来的动作或状态”，其中的动词必须是延续性动词，且时间状语是 for+一段时间或since+过去的一刻时间（由短语或从句担当） 延续性动词和终止性动词的概念：英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live,stay等。  终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open,close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move,borrow,buy等。 延续性动词的用法特征：1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：     I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：     -When did you get to know Jack?  -Two years ago.     -Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right. 终止性动词的用法特征： 1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到了。     Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？ 2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如： (1)他死了三年了。   误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.    正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.     正：Three years has passed since he died. (2)他来这儿五天了。  误：Hehas come here for five days.正：Hehas been here for five days.      　 正：Hecame here five days ago.正：Itis five days since he came here.    正：Fivedays has passed since he came here.  (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：  (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→beaway, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in,finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fallill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。  (2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。  (3)用句型"Itis+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。  (4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：　     He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。如：     You can't leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了，你才能离开这里。     I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。 5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：     When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)     Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语) 6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用。如： 误：How long have you come here?    正：How long have you been here?正：When did you come here? 请牢记课本P28八组终止性动词与延续性动词的转换。 1.begin/start--be on 2.finish/stop--be over 3.come/go/arrive--be in/at 4.leave/be away 5.borrow/keep 6.join/be in、be a memeber of 7.marry/be married 8.die/be dead 八下Unit 3主要知识点梳理 1. relax vi 放松，休息 relaxes/ relaxed/ relaxing Listening to relaxing music makes you feel relaxed What a relaxing vacation! 2.dream vi./vt 做梦，梦想 dreams/ dreamt 或dreamed/ dreaming dream of/ about sth./doing sth. 梦想，想象 ,梦见做某事 in your dreams 用于口语中，意为“妄想，梦想”，表示希望的事情不可能发生。 3.mind vt./vi 介意 Never mind! —Would you mind (one’s) doing sth? — Certainly not. Of course not. Not at all. You’d better not. 4.下定决心做某事make up one’s mind to do sth=decide to do=make a decision to do 5.pleasure n. 高兴， 乐意 my pleasure. = It’s my pleasure. 不客气。（回答道谢） with pleasure. 乐意效劳。（回答求助） pleased adj. 感到满意的 对...满意 be pleased with, be pleased to做...高兴 pleasant adj.令人满意的,令人愉快的：It’s a pleasant trip. 6.look like 看起来像（指长相，即可指人也可指物） The man looks like our English teacher. The strange thing looks like a plate. 区分：What do/dose sb. look like? 问外貌、长相=How do/does sb. look? What be sb. like? 问品质 What do/does sb. like?问喜好 7.search sb 搜某人身：The policemen searched the thief，but found nothing. search for =look for 搜寻： They went there to search for their lost dog. search sp.for sb./sth搜查某地找某人/某物：They searched the bushes for the ghost. 8.what...for?......为何目的，为何理由？=Why? What did you do that for?=Why did you do that? 9.choose v. 选择，挑选 chose-chosen choice n.选择 choose to do sth 选择做某事 choose sb to do sth 选择某人做某事 10.be famous for 因......而出名 =be known for be famous as 作为......而出名=be known as be famous to sb. 对于......很出名，被......所熟知=be known to 11.so much for sth.关于......就讲这么多，......到此为止 12.be filled with... 被......填满/充满 = be full of 13.more than 不止......,超过..... more than +数词 = over +数词 反义词less than 14.区分： receive客观(被动地)收到 accept主观接受 She has received his present, but she won’t accept it. I ________ an invitation from him but I didn’t want to _____ it. A. received, get B. accepted, receive C. received, accept D. accepted, get 15.southern adj. 南方的， south n. 南方 Most of them came from _______(south) China. Do you live in the _________(south) part of the China? 16.housands of 数以千计， 表约数 Thousands of visitors go to the Great Wall every year. 注意：数字+thousand 不加s, 表确数 There are about three thousand students in our school. hundred, thousand, million, billion用法相同 There are ___________ tourists coming to visit Qintong every year. A. 15 millions B. 15 millions of C. millions of D. million of 17.exciting adj.令人激动的more～/most～ excited adj. （人）激动的 more～/most～ — Why didn’t you like the match? — It was ______ one that I have ever listened to. A. the most exciting B. the least exciting C. more excited D. such an exciting 18. Australian seasons are the opposite of ours. 澳大利亚的季节与我们的相反。 1). opposite n. 对立的人（或物） She is tall and slim, but her husband is the complete opposite. 2). opposite adj. 相对的， 对立的 be opposite to… The library is opposite to the bus stop. The colours black and white are opposite. 19. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 它由英格兰，苏格兰， 苏格拉，威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。 be made up of…由…组成 be made of… 由……制成（看得见原材料） be made from …由…制成（看不出原材料）be made in +地点/时间 在某地制造 ①The machine ________ Germany sell well and work well. A. is made in B. made in C. is made of D. made of ②Desks are __________ wood and paper is _________ wood too. A. made of, made from B. made from, made of C. made up of, made of D. made from, made of ③The park _____________ a lake, a hill, a tower and some trees and flowers. is made up of B. is made of D. is made from D. is made by 20.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 1）在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况；一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。 1.--Tom, Can I borrow your magazine? --Sorry, I _____it to Mary. A. lent B. have lent C. had lent D. lend 2.I left my pen in the desk and now it's gone, who ______it? A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken 3.My father (work) in a factory for five years. But now he is a teacher. 2）时间状语的区别 时态 时间状语 一般过去时 yesterday, the other day (= a few days ago), last…, … ago, the day before yesterday, just now, in +过去时间 现在完成时 already, ever, just, recently, (not) yet, so far (迄今为止), up to now, till now, since, never, before 1.Julie's father ________ to London last month. He ________ there three times. A. went; had gone B. has gone; has been C. went; has been D. has been; had gone 2.—How long have you__here? —For two days. I ___here the day before yesterday. A. been; came B. come; came C. came; came D. been; been 3.--Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary? --Yes, I _____there for three days with my parents last month. A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was 4.---This is no-parking area. Can’t you see the sign? ---Oh, sorry. I _______it. A. won’t see B. didn’t see C. haven’t seen D. don’t see 现在完成时五大句型： 1) It’s +一段时间+since…(或It has been +一段时间+since…) It __________ten years since his family __________to China . was, has moved B. is, has moved C. has been, has moved D. has been, moved 2) This is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ that +从句（从句用现在完成时） This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 3) Where have you been? 你去哪儿了？（去过回来了） 4) There have/ has been … There have been great changes to my hometown in the past two years. 5) It is the first / second/… time that+从句（从句用现在完成时） This is the second time that I ________ (get) the Most Helpful Student Award. 特殊情况 1. 现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，所以若是过去发生的一个动作，现在情况已经发生了变化，则不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时。 I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now. 【典例】My father (work) in a factory for five years. But now he is a teacher. 2. 现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用, when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。 ----The train has left. ----When did the train leave? Where have you been? 你去哪儿了？（去过回来了） When _____you _______ your dictionary? A. did; lose B. has; lost C. will; lose D. does; lose 练习： 1. -- Lin Kai, hand in your homework, please. --Oh, sorry. I __________ (leave) it at home this morning. 2. I _____ (get) to know my friend Jim ten years ago. We ____(be) friends since then. 3. I ______(send) him a text message an hour ago, but he ________ (reply)to me yet. 4 --Frank, you look worried, anything wrong? -- Well, I __________ a test and I am waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. am taking D. take 5. It_________ me about 10 days _______ painting the walls. A. took; to finish B. cost; finishing C. took; finishing D. spent; to finish 6.—How well do you know the Opera House? —I know the place very well. I ____ Sydney many times. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have arrived in 7. —Where is Jack? I haven’t seen him for a long time. —He ______ HK with his family. I think he is having a wonderful time there. A. went to B. was in C. has gone to D. has been to 8. —Oh, I’m sorry for being late. —It doesn’t matter. The film for just five minutes. A. started B. has started C. has been on D. had been on 9. —Look at these stamps. I them for five years. —Wow, they are wonderful. A. kept B. have kept C. have bought D. Keep 10. --Mike, why are you watching TV again? --I ______my homework. A. finish B.finished C.have finished D.had finished 八下Unit4 语言关键点 1.German 德国人 复数形式为Germans。 2.do with “处理，处置，对待”，常与what连用。What are you going to do with these old books?(多以选择题形式考what) 3.丑陋的 ugly，其比较级和最高级分别为uglier和ugliest。 4.Sb./Sth+touch(根据时态和主语人称、数确定其正确形式）+ sb.“某人/某事感动某人”。 另外，我们学过其“触碰，触摸”之意。a gentle touch 温柔的触摸 5.again+st 介词，“紧靠，碰，撞，反对，违反”。①The rain is beating against the window，making a sound.雨滴击打着窗户，发出声响。②We shouldn't do anything against the laws.我们不应该做任何违反法律的事情。 6.until 连词，“直到……为止”，表示动作一直持续到某一特定时间之前。如：We walked until it got dark.我们一直走到天黑。 特别注意：not…until…“直到……才”，引导时间状语从句，这时主句动词常为非延续性动词，表示主句的动作一直到until后的动作发生时才发生。如：The little girl didn't stop crying until she saw her mother.那个小女孩直到看到她妈妈才停止哭泣。 7.continue to do sth.一件事情做完了接着做另一件continue doing sth.一件事情没做完接着做 8.manage to do sth.设法完成某事，设法做某事 9.must 情态动词，表示必要性，意为“应该，必须”，后接动词原形。mustn't表示“禁止、不要”，而不能理解为“不必须”。如：—May I come in，Mr.Zhang?—No，you mustn't.You are late again.must表示猜测时意为“一定”，常用于肯定句中。如：Look at his clothes. They must be very expensive. 在否定句中，常用can't表示不可能。It can't be him.He has just gone to Germany. 10.unable “不能，不会”，由able 加前缀un变来。be able/unable to do sth.（不）能做某事。作宾补时be 要省略。如：Gulliver found himself unable to move. 英语里不少形容词通过加后缀un变为反义词。再如：unkind，unimportant,unlucky，unhappy，unuseful(没用的)等。 11.as…as one(某人)can/could表示 “尽某人所能”，相当于as…as possible。如：Mingling talks to her classmates in English as much as she can.=…as much as possible. 12.refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 此外，①refuse+名词或代词。He refused my help. ②refuse sb.(代词宾格） sth.拒绝某人某事 She can't refuse him anything. 13.①success(成功)—a great success 一次巨大的成功②successful(成功的)—a successful businessman一个成功的商人 ③successfully(成功地)—realize our dreams successfully成功地实现我们的梦想 ④succeed in doing sth.做某事成功。He succeeded(注意拼写容易错)in finishing the job on his own. 14.experience 作“经历”可数。He has plenty of unusual (不寻常的）experience+s. 作“经验”不可数。Mr.Wang has much experience in teaching. 15.advice 不可数名词“建议，忠告，劝告”，give sb.some advice on sth./how to do sth.;What useful advice on how to learn English well Mr.Chen often gives us! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$